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Leviticus Chapter Nine

Leviticus 9 Outlines

The Priestly Ministry Begins

New King James Version (NKJV)

INTRODUCTION TO LEVITICUS 9

Aaron and his sons being consecrated to and invested with the priest's office are called upon to the exercise of it to offer a sin offering and a burnt offering for themselves and all sorts of offerings a sin offering a burnt offering peace offerings and a meat offering for the people; and a promise is made for their encouragement that the glory of the Lord would appear to them Leviticus 9:1 and which were in their course accordingly offered; first Aaron's sin offering for himself Leviticus 9:8 then his burnt offering Leviticus 9:12 after that the several offerings of the people before mentioned Leviticus 9:15 when Aaron and Moses blessed the people the one as soon as he had done offering and both together when they came out of the tabernacle Leviticus 9:22 upon which a fire came forth from the Lord and consumed the burnt offering upon the altar Leviticus 9:24.

Leviticus 9:1. It came to pass on the eighth day that Moses called Aaron and his sons and the elders of Israel.

YLT ¹And it cometh to pass on the eighth day Moses hath called for Aaron and for his sons and for the elders of Israel

And it came to pass on the eighth day .... When the seven days of consecration were ended as Ben Gersom the day following them so soon was Aaron called to the execution of his office; and so both the Targum of Jonathan and Jarchi make it to be the eighth day of the consecration or the day after the anointing of Aaron and his sons and which they both say was the beginning or first day of Nisan the day the tabernacle was erected by Moses: but that seems to have been set up before the consecration; rather this was as Aben Ezra says the eighth day of the month Nisan or March and was the eighth day of the consecration which began at the first day on which day the tabernacle was set up Exodus 40:2

that Moses called Aaron and his sons and the elders of Israel; Aaron and his sons to enter upon their office by offering sacrifices for themselves and for the people and the elders to be witnesses thereof.

Leviticus 9:2. ² And he said to Aaron “Take for yourself a young bull as a sin offering and a ram as a burnt offering without blemish and offer them before the Lord.

YLT ²and he saith unto Aaron `Take to thyself a calf a son of the herd for a sin-offering and a ram for a burnt-offering perfect ones and bring near before Jehovah.

And he said unto Aaron .... In the presence of the people of Israel:

take thee a young calf for a sin offering; one not exceeding a year old as in Leviticus 9:3 but this was not for the sin of making the calf only to which the Jewish writers restrain it but for all other sins of his which it was necessary should be expiated before he offered sacrifices for the sins of others:

and a ram for a burnt offering; being a strong and innocent creature was a proper emblem of Christ the Lamb of God that takes away by his sacrifice the sins of men:

without blemish; this character belongs as Aben Ezra observes both to the calf and ram which were both to be without spot and so proper types of Christ the Lamb without spot and blemish free both from original and actual sin:

and offer them before the Lord; on the altar of burnt offering which stood in the court of the tabernacle near where Jehovah was to whom every sacrifice for sin was to be offered being committed against him and whose justice must be satisfied for it.

Leviticus 9:3. ³ And to the children of Israel you shall speak saying ‘Take a kid of the goats as a sin offering and a calf and a lamb both of the first year without blemish as a burnt offering

YLT ³`And unto the sons of Israel thou dost speak saying Take ye a kid of the goats for a sin-offering and a calf and a lamb sons of a year perfect ones for a burnt-offering

And unto the children of Israel thou shalt speak .... That is Aaron should speak to them for being now high priest Moses had no more to do with the sacrifices of the people but it was incumbent on Aaron to call upon them to bring them to him such as the Lord by this law required of them:

saying take ye a kid of the goats for a sin offering; this creature fitly represented Christ as made sin and an offering for sin in the room of his people:

and a calf and a lamb; both of them as before observed were proper emblems of Christ in his strength and innocence sometimes called the fatted calf and frequently the Lamb of God Luke 15:23 John 1:29

both of the first year without blemish for a burnt offering; denoting the tenderness of Christ his spotless purity and painful sufferings.

Leviticus 9:4. ⁴ also a bull and a ram as peace offerings to sacrifice before the Lord and a grain offering mixed with oil; for today the Lord will appear to you.’”

YLT ⁴and a bullock and a ram for peace-offerings to sacrifice before Jehovah and a present mixed with oil; for to-day Jehovah hath appeared unto you.'

Also a bullock and a ram for peace offerings to sacrifice before the Lord .... An offering being made for the atonement of sin and the gift of a whole burnt offering accepted by the Lord upon that peace offerings were to be sacrificed thereupon; one part of which belonged to the Lord as the fat and the blood; another part to the priest as the shoulder and the breast; and the rest to the owners to make a feast with expressive of the peace and joy which arise from the expiation and atonement of sin by the great sacrifice of Christ in commemoration of which a feast is kept by the Lord's people:

and a meat offering mingled with oil; with oil olive; each of these offerings are treated of in the preceding chapters where an account is given of them and the mystery of them explained:

for today the Lord will appear unto you; or "and today" as in Leviticus 9:6 so Noldius^F5P. 395 No. 1340. ; for this is not observed as a reason why the sacrifices were to be offered but as a promise of the divine appearance as an encouragement thereunto; and may have special respect to some visible splendour and lustre of the divine glory more than ordinary; and particularly to the fire that should come out from before the Lord and consume the sacrifice Leviticus 9:24 and so Ben Gersom interprets it. And this being on the eighth day of the consecration of the priests may lead our thoughts to the day when our great High Priest rose from the dead the day after the seventh or the Jewish sabbath even on the eighth day or first day of the week on which he made frequent appearances to his disciples; see Mark 16:9.

Leviticus 9:5. ⁵ So they brought what Moses commanded before the tabernacle of meeting. And all the congregation drew near and stood before the Lord.

YLT ⁵And they take that which Moses hath commanded unto the front of the tent of meeting and all the company draw near and stand before Jehovah;

And they brought that which Moses commanded before the tabernacle of the congregation .... That is Aaron and his sons and all the children of Israel as the Targum of Jonathan paraphrases it. All the above sacrifices they brought into the court of the tabernacle to be offered up:

and all the congregation drew near and stood before the Lord; that is the elders of Israel who were called together Leviticus 9:1 the heads of the tribes who represented the people; as many as well could be admitted into the court no doubt were to be spectators of Aaron and his sons officiating first in their new office and to see their own sacrifices offered; and they stood over against where was the symbol of the divine Presence; and the Targum of Jonathan says they stood with a perfect heart; and no doubt but they were heartily sincere and upright in their sacrifices as they had been in their donations toward the building the tabernacle and providing things belonging to it; and they stood with all humility reverence and devotion.

Leviticus 9:6. ⁶ Then Moses said “This is the thing which the Lord commanded you to do and the glory of the Lord will appear to you.”

YLT ⁶and Moses saith `This [is] the thing which Jehovah hath commanded; do [it] and the honour of Jehovah doth appear unto you.'

This is the thing which the Lord commanded that ye should do .... Namely what they had done bring the creatures and things for sacrifice they had:

and the glory of the Lord shall appear unto you; either Christ the brightness of his Father's glory in an human form as a presage of his future incarnation as he frequently did; or some more than ordinary refulgence of glory breaking out of the holy of holies where God had now taken up his dwelling between the cherubim; or as Aben Ezra explains it the fire that should go out from him and consume the sacrifice which would be a demonstration of his presence with them and of his acceptance of the sacrifice.

Leviticus 9:7. ⁷ And Moses said to Aaron “Go to the altar offer your sin offering and your burnt offering and make atonement for yourself and for the people. Offer the offering of the people and make atonement for them as the Lord commanded.”

YLT ⁷And Moses saith unto Aaron `Draw near unto the altar and make thy sin-offering and thy burnt-offering and make atonement for thyself and for the people and make the offering of the people and make atonement for them as Jehovah hath commanded.'

And Moses said unto Aaron .... This is only observed to show that as Aaron did not take upon him this office of himself but was called unto it and invested with it by the appointment of God so neither did he enter upon it but through the call of God by Moses in the sight of the congregation:

go unto the altar and offer thy sin offering and thy burnt offering; the young calf and ram:

and make an atonement for thyself and for the people; first for himself and then for the people; for as Aben Ezra says a man cannot atone for another until he is pure from all sin; which is a character only to be found in Christ our great High Priest and so a proper person to atone for and take away the sins of others: hence the priests under the law with their sacrifices could never take away sin really only typically; and this shows the imperfection of the Levitical priesthood that the priests of that order were obliged to offer first for their own sins; this our high priest of another order needed not to do; see Hebrews 7:27.

and offer the offering of the people and make atonement for them; typical of the true and full atonement made by Christ when he offered himself without spot to God:

as the Lord commanded; Aaron to do and as he commanded Christ his Son and our surety the antitype of Aaron John 10:18.

Leviticus 9:8. ⁸ Aaron therefore went to the altar and killed the calf of the sin offering which was for himself.

YLT ⁸And Aaron draweth near unto the altar and slaughtereth the calf of the sin-offering which [is] for himself;

Aaron therefore went unto the altar .... Of burnt offering freely and cheerfully at the direction and introduction of Moses who acted in this affair in the name of the Lord:

and slew the calf of the sin offering which was for himself; which was to be offered first as it was proper it should that atonement being made for his sins his after burnt offering might be accepted with God and he be fit to offer the sacrifices of the people: the calf he slew on the north side of the altar where all the sin offerings and burnt offerings were slain; see Leviticus 1:11.

Leviticus 9:9. ⁹ Then the sons of Aaron brought the blood to him. And he dipped his finger in the blood put it on the horns of the altar and poured the blood at the base of the altar.

YLT ⁹and the sons of Aaron bring the blood near unto him and he dippeth his finger in the blood and putteth [it] on the horns of the altar and the blood he hath poured out at the foundation of the altar;

And the sons of Aaron brought the blood unto him .... The blood of the calf of the sin offering which they had received in a basin when it was slain:

and he dipped his finger in the blood and put it upon the horns of the altar; the four horns of it as Moses had done at his consecration which was an example to him Leviticus 8:15. This was typical of the blood of Christ to which persons may have recourse from the four quarters of the world for atonement and pardon:

and poured out the blood at the bottom of the altar; what remained after he had put what was proper on the horns of it.

Leviticus 9:10. ¹⁰ But the fat the kidneys and the fatty lobe from the liver of the sin offering he burned on the altar as the Lord had commanded Moses.

YLT ¹⁰and the fat and the kidneys and the redundance of the liver of the sin-offering he hath made a perfume on the altar as Jehovah hath commanded Moses;

But the fat and the kidneys and the caul above the liver of the sin offering he burnt upon the altar .... The Septuagint version is "he offered them":

as the Lord commanded Moses; see Leviticus 4:8.

Leviticus 9:11. ¹¹ The flesh and the hide he burned with fire outside the camp.

YLT ¹¹and the flesh and the skin he hath burnt with fire at the outside of the camp.

And the flesh and the hide he burnt with fire without the camp. With common fire for the fire from the Lord came only upon the altar which perhaps may be the reason of this expression being used when anything was burnt without the camp and not on the altar see Exodus 29:14. Jarchi observes that we do not find a sin offering burnt without the camp but this; which is a great mistake; see Leviticus 4:11.

Leviticus 9:12. ¹² And he killed the burnt offering; and Aaron’s sons presented to him the blood which he sprinkled all around on the altar.

YLT ¹²And he slaughtereth the burnt-offering and the sons of Aaron have presented unto him the blood and he sprinkleth it on the altar round about;

And he slew the burnt offering .... The ram which was for himself also; this he slew at the north side of the altar Leviticus 1:11.

and Aaron's sons presented unto him the blood: which they had received into a basin when it was slain:

which he sprinkled round about upon the altar; as he had seen Moses do before him Leviticus 8:19.

Leviticus 9:13. ¹³ Then they presented the burnt offering to him with its pieces and head and he burned them on the altar.

YLT ¹³and the burnt-offering they have presented unto him by its pieces and the head and he maketh perfume on the altar;

And they presented the burnt offering to him .... After it was cut in pieces as the ram of the burnt offering was by Moses Leviticus 8:20 and so it was done to this as appears by what follows:

with the pieces thereof and the head and he burnt them upon the altar; the Septuagint version is "he put them on the altar".

Leviticus 9:14. ¹⁴ And he washed the entrails and the legs and burned them with the burnt offering on the altar.

YLT ¹⁴and he washeth the inwards and the legs and maketh perfume for the burnt-offering on the altar.

And he did wash the inwards and the legs .... As Moses also had done Leviticus 8:21.

and burnt them upon the burnt offering on the altar; upon the pieces and the head before mentioned said to be burnt or "after" the burnt offering after they were burnt: the Septuagint version is as before.

Leviticus 9:15. ¹⁵ Then he brought the people’s offering and took the goat which was the sin offering for the people and killed it and offered it for sin like the first one.

YLT ¹⁵And he bringeth near the offering of the people and taketh the goat of the sin-offering which [is] for the people and slaughtered it and maketh it a sin-offering like the first;

And he brought the people's offering .... To the altar having offered his own first:

and took the goat which was the sin offering for the people and slew it; where he had slain his own:

and offered it for sin as the first: the first offering he offered for himself which was of the same sort.

Leviticus 9:16. ¹⁶ And he brought the burnt offering and offered it according to the prescribed manner.

YLT ¹⁶and he bringeth near the burnt-offering and maketh it according to the ordinance;

And he brought the burnt offering .... The calf and the lamb Leviticus 9:3.

and offered it according to the manner; judgment ordinance and appointment of God respecting that sort of offerings; see Leviticus 1:1.

Leviticus 9:17. ¹⁷ Then he brought the grain offering took a handful of it and burned it on the altar besides the burnt sacrifice of the morning.

YLT ¹⁷and he bringeth near the present and filleth his palm with it and maketh perfume on the altar apart from the burnt-offering of the morning.

And he brought the meat offering .... Made of fine flour with oil and frankincense put upon it see Leviticus 2:1.

and took a handful thereof and burnt it upon the altar; see Leviticus 2:2.

beside the burnt sacrifice of the morning; the daily morning sacrifice which was not to be omitted on account of these extraordinary sacrifices both for the priest and for the people; or "after the burnt sacrifice of the morning"; for no sacrifice was offered up before that: so Jarchi.

Leviticus 9:18. ¹⁸ He also killed the bull and the ram as sacrifices of peace offerings which were for the people. And Aaron’s sons presented to him the blood which he sprinkled all around on the altar

YLT ¹⁸And he slaughtereth the bullock and the ram a sacrifice of the peace-offerings which [are] for the people and sons of Aaron present the blood unto him (and he sprinkleth it on the altar round about)

He slew also the bullock and the ram a sacrifice of peace offerings which was for the people .... That they might feast rejoice and be glad that atonement was made for their sins and their gifts and sacrifices accepted of God see Romans 5:11.

and Aaron's sons presented unto him the blood; of the peace offerings the bullock and the ram which they had received into a vessel as they were killing:

which he sprinkled upon the altar round about; as he did with the blood of his own burnt offering Leviticus 9:12.

Leviticus 9:19. ¹⁹ and the fat from the bull and the ram—the fatty tail what covers the entrails and the kidneys and the fatty lobe attached to the liver;

YLT ¹⁹and the fat of the bullock and of the ram the fat tail and the covering [of the inwards] and the kidneys and the redundance above the liver

And the fat of the bullock and of the ram .... Which in all offerings was the Lord's and was burnt see Leviticus 3:16.

the rump; or tail of the ram; which in those countries was very large and had a great deal of fat upon it; See Gill on Exodus 29:22 Leviticus 3:9.

and that which covereth the inwards; called the "omentum":

and the kidneys and the caul above the liver; and the fat that was upon each of these: Ben Gersom observes that the kidneys and liver are mentioned last to show that they were laid uppermost in waving (after directed to) that the owners might be stirred up or moved by these things.

Leviticus 9:20. ²⁰ and they put the fat on the breasts. Then he burned the fat on the altar;

YLT ²⁰and they set the fat on the breasts and he maketh perfume with the fat on the altar;

And they put the fat upon the breasts .... Both of the bullock and of the ram while they were waving:

and he burnt the fat upon the altar; after having been waved.

Leviticus 9:21. ²¹ but the breasts and the right thigh Aaron waved as a wave offering before the Lord as Moses had commanded.

YLT ²¹and the breasts and the right leg hath Aaron waved -- a wave-offering before Jehovah as He hath commanded Moses.

And the breasts and the right shoulder .... The breasts of the bullock and the ram and the right shoulders of them both:

Aaron waved for a wave offering before the Lord; which was given to him as his part of the peace offerings after they had been thus waved before the Lord; whereby an acknowledgment was made that he was Lord of all and had a right to all they had; in token of which these parts were given to his priests towards their maintenance:

as Moses commanded; see Exodus 29:27.

Leviticus 9:22. ²² Then Aaron lifted his hand toward the people blessed them and came down from offering the sin offering the burnt offering and peace offerings.

YLT ²²And Aaron lifteth up his hand towards the people and blesseth them and cometh down from making the sin-offering and the burnt-offering and the peace-offerings.

And Aaron lifted up his hand towards the people and blessed them .... After he had offered the above sacrifices both for himself and them: the manner of the priests lifting up their hands when they blessed is thus described; in the provinces the priests lift up their hands to their shoulders and in the sanctuary above their heads excepting the high priest who did not lift up his hands above the plate of gold: but R. Judah says the high priest lift up his hands above the plate as it is said Leviticus 9:22 ^F6Misn. Sotah c. 7. sect. 6. ; the modern Jews describe it thus^F7Schulchan Aruch par. 1. Orach Chayim c. 128. sect. 12. they lift up their hands to their shoulders and they lift up the right hand somewhat higher than the left; then they stretch out their hands and part their fingers and frame them so as to make five airs; between two fingers and two fingers one air and between the forefinger and the thumb and between the two thumbs; they spread out their hands so that the middle (or palm) of the hand may be towards the earth and the back part of it towards heaven: Aaron lift his hands upwards signifying from whence he implored the blessing and towards the people on whom he desired it might descend; in this was a type of Christ who after he had offered himself a sacrifice for the sins of his people when he was risen from the dead and about to ascend to heaven blessed his disciples Luke 24:50 in Christ the saints are blessed with all spiritual blessings; by him they are procured for them through his blood sacrifice and satisfaction; and he ever lives to make intercession for the application of them to them see Ephesians 1:3.

and came down from offering of the sin offering and the burnt offering and peace offerings; from the altar with joy as the Targum of Jonathan; being glad he had done his service with acceptance; he is said to "come down" there being a rise or ascent to the altar which as Aben Ezra observes was three cubits high and therefore it is with propriety said he came down; which he did as soon as he had made an end of offering all the sacrifices.

Leviticus 9:23. ²³ And Moses and Aaron went into the tabernacle of meeting and came out and blessed the people. Then the glory of the Lord appeared to all the people

YLT ²³And Moses goeth in -- Aaron also -- unto the tent of meeting and they come out and bless the people and the honour of Jehovah appeareth unto all the people;

And Moses and Aaron went into the tabernacle of the congregation .... They went out of the court where the altar of burnt offering stood and where Aaron had been offering the sacrifices; and they went into the holy place where stood the altar of incense the shewbread table and the candlestick; and it is probable Moses went in with Aaron thither to show him how to offer the incense to order the shewbread on the table and to light and trim the lamps of the candlestick; and so Jarchi observes that he went in to teach him concerning the business of the incense; but it may be it was also to pray for the people as the Targum and for the Lord's appearance to them as was promised and expected and that fire might descend on the sacrifices as a token of acceptance of them as Aben Ezra notes:

and came out and blessed the people; Aaron had blessed them before but now both Moses and Aaron blessed them atonement being made by the sacrifice of Christ and law and justice thereby fully satisfied; Christ and the law agree together in the blessing of the Lord's people; way was hereby made for the communication of blessings to them consistent with the law of God and his holiness and justice Galatians 3:10

and the glory of the Lord appeared unto all the people: some visible signs of his glory some very great splendour or lustre or breaking forth of his glory; or Christ the glory of the Father appeared in an human form as a pledge of his future incarnation when all the above sacrifices which were types of him would have their accomplishment; and this being immediately upon the offering of them may signify that the glory of God greatly appears in the sacrifice and satisfaction of Christ and in the redemption and salvation of his people in that way Psalm 21:4 and the glorious and gracious presence of God is enjoyed by his people in consequence of the propitiatory sacrifice of Christ which was signified by the mercy seat from whence the Lord communed; and it is through Christ his blood and sacrifice saints have access to God and fellowship with him Ephesians 2:18.

Leviticus 9:24. ²⁴ and fire came out from before the Lord and consumed the burnt offering and the fat on the altar. When all the people saw it they shouted and fell on their faces.

YLT ²⁴and fire cometh out from before Jehovah and consumeth on the altar the burnt-offering and the fat; and all the people see and cry aloud and fall on their faces.

And there came a fire out from before the Lord .... Either from heaven or from the holy of holies where was the symbol of the divine Presence and Jehovah had now took up his residence:

and consumed upon the altar the burnt offering and the fat; according to Aben Ezra the burnt offering of Aaron and of the people and of the daily sacrifice for so it is written besides the burnt offering of the morning Leviticus 9:17 and the fat of the calf and ram of Aaron and of the goat ox and ram of the people which though they were laid upon the altar at the time of their offering yet it is thought by some they were not burnt till now: it is a conjecture of Bishop Patrick's that this burnt offering was the burnt offering of the evening sacrifice which was consumed by the fire from the Lord; he supposes that the offering of the above sacrifices had taken up the whole day from the time of the morning sacrifice until the evening; and that all the other sacrifices were burnt with common fire but this with fire from the Lord; but then what was the fat that was consumed? however this was a token of acceptance; in like manner as it descended on the sacrifice of Abel as is thought Genesis 4:4 and on the sacrifices offered at the dedication of the temple 2 Chronicles 7:1 and on the burnt sacrifice of Elijah 1 Kings 18:38 testifying the divine approbation and acceptance of them: for though in the mystery the fire may design the wrath of God as a consuming fire which was very distressing to Christ and brought him to the dust of death; yet with respect to the persons for whom this sacrifice was offered it denotes acceptance of it that it was an offering by fire and of a sweet smelling savour to God his law and justice being satisfied and having honour done them: concerning this fire and the perpetual burning of it; see Gill on Leviticus 6:12 Leviticus 6:13. The Heathens in imitation of this have pretended to have fire come down also from heaven on their altars as the Brahmans among the Indians taken notice of in the above note. And so Solinus^F8Polyhistor. c. 11. speaks of the Vulcanian hill in Sicily where they that serve in sacred things lay wood of vines on the altar but put no fire; and if God is present (and so the sacrifice is approved) the branches though green will take fire of themselves and a flame is kindled by the deity sacrificed to no one setting them on fire. And Servius says^F9In Virgil. Aeneid. l. 12. ver. 200. that with the ancients fires on altars were not kindled but they procured a divine fire by their prayers which kindled on the altars; but these were mere pretences and juggling tricks in which they were assisted by Satan to vie with this wonderful appearance of God in the acceptation of the sacrifice of his people:

which when all the people saw they shouted and fell on their faces; Aaron blessing them and the appearance of the glory of God unto them no doubt gave them joy and pleasure as the spiritual blessings by Christ and the gracious presence of God do to his people Psalm 103:1 but what filled them with joy unspeakable was the acceptance of their sacrifices as typical of the sacrifice of Christ and atonement by it which made them shout and the court to ring with it; and yet fell down on their faces with all reverence and humility under a sense of the divine Majesty being so near unto them in this sensible token of his presence.

──《John Gill’s Exposition of the Bible》