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Numbers Chapter Eighteen

 

Numbers 18 Outlines

Duties of Priests and Levites (v.1~7)

Offerings for Support of the Priests (v.8~20)

Tithes for Support of the Levites (v.21~24)

The Tithe of the Levites (v.25~32)

New King James Version (NKJV)

 

INTRODUCTION TO NUMBERS 18

This chapter gives an account of the distinct work and service of the priests and Levites Numbers 18:1; and of several things given to the priests for their maintenance Numbers 18:8; and of the tithes the Levites should have to live upon since they were to have no inheritance in the land of Israel Numbers 18:20; and of the tenth out of those tithes they were to give to the high priest Numbers 18:25.

 

Numbers 18:1   Then the Lord said to Aaron: “You and your sons and your father’s house with you shall bear the iniquity related to the sanctuary and you and your sons with you shall bear the iniquity associated with your priesthood.

   YLT  1And Jehovah saith unto Aaron `Thou and thy sons and the house of thy father with thee do bear the iniquity of the sanctuary; and thou and thy sons with thee do bear the iniquity of your priesthood;

And the Lord spake unto Aaron .... As the things spoken were such as concerned Aaron he might be only and immediately spoken unto: thou

and thy sons and thy father's house with thee; meaning both priests and Levites the priests by him and his sons and the Levites by his father's house:

shall bear the iniquity of the sanctuary; the blame of any evil committed there the punishment of it; the priests Aaron and his sons if they did not perform the duty of their office aright he in the most holy place and they in the holy place and at the altar of burnt offering in the court; and the Levites if they did not take care to watch in the tabernacle and keep out strangers and polluted persons:

and thou and thy sons with thee shall bear the iniquity of your priesthood; be answerable for my sins errors and mistakes that should be committed by them in the discharge of their office through their own remissness or not taking care that the Levites did their duty; this shows that the office of priesthood though honourable was burdensome and not to be envied; and that the people needed not to be under such terrible apprehensions as they were lest they should come too near the sanctuary as to be in danger of death since it lay upon the priests and Levites especially to take care thereof and who if negligent would suffer.

 

Numbers 18:2   2 Also bring with you your brethren of the tribe of Levi the tribe of your father that they may be joined with you and serve you while you and your sons are with you before the tabernacle of witness.

   YLT  2and also thy brethren the tribe of Levi the tribe of thy father bring near with thee and they are joined unto thee and serve thee even thou and thy sons with thee before the tent of the testimony.

And to thy brethren also of the tribe of Levi the tribe of thy father .... For his father Amram was of that tribe and so the Levites were his brethren as he is directed to consider them; which might serve to conciliate their minds and make them easy with respect to his enjoyment of the priesthood:

bring them with thee; into the court of the tabernacle for further they might not go:

that they maybe joined unto thee: as their name of Levites signifies persons joined and united to others as they were to the priests: see reason of their patriarch's name Levi in Genesis 29:34

and minister unto thee: be assisting to the priests in killing the sacrifices receiving the blood and flaying the beasts and in other things about the sanctuary Numbers 3:6

but thou and thy sons with thee shall minister before the tabernacle of witness; which was the most holy place where were the ark of the testimony or witness and the tables of the covenant; and they might be said to minister before that when they ministered in the holy place which was before it when they burned incense upon the altar of incense ordered the shewbread and trimmed the lamps of the candlestick which none but the priests the sons of Aaron might do.

 

Numbers 18:3   3 They shall attend to your needs and all the needs of the tabernacle; but they shall not come near the articles of the sanctuary and the altar lest they die—they and you also.

   YLT  3`And they have kept thy charge and the charge of all the tent; only unto the vessels of the sanctuary and unto the altar they do not come near and they die not either they or you;

And they shall keep thy charge and the charge of all the tabernacle .... That is the Levites whatever Aaron and his sons the priests should charge them to do or commit to their care and charge that they should observe; as to watch and keep out all unfit persons to take down and set up the tabernacle when needful &c.

only they shall not come nigh the vessels of the sanctuary; as the ark and mercy seat in the holy of holies the shewbread table and candlestick in the holy place; wherefore when these were removed from place to place in journeying they were covered that they might not touch them as they carried them:

and the altar; both of incense and burnt offering on neither of which might they offer:

that neither they nor you also die: the priests for suffering them to meddle with things that did not belong to them and the Levites for intruding themselves.

 

Numbers 18:4   4 They shall be joined with you and attend to the needs of the tabernacle of meeting for all the work of the tabernacle; but an outsider shall not come near you.

   YLT  4and they have been joined unto thee and have kept the charge of the tent of meeting for all the service of the tent; and a stranger doth not come near unto you;

And they shall be joined unto thee .... As assistants in the sacred service:

and keep the charge of tabernacle of the congregation for all the service of the tabernacle; See Gill on Numbers 3:7 and See Gill on Numbers 3:8

and a stranger shall not come nigh unto you; not any of the other tribes only such as were of the tribe of Levi; they only were to be brought with them and joined unto them and assist them and minister to them as in Numbers 18:2; though the JewsF8Maimon. in Misn. Zebachim c. 2. sect. 1. understand by a stranger anyone that was not a priest.

 

Numbers 18:5   5 And you shall attend to the duties of the sanctuary and the duties of the altar that there may be no more wrath on the children of Israel.

   YLT  5and ye have kept the charge of the sanctuary and the charge of the altar and there is no more wrath against the sons of Israel.

And ye shall keep the charge of the sanctuary .... That is the priests Aaron and his sons; the high priest was to keep the charge of the most holy place particularly and do what was to be done in that on the day of atonement; and the common priests to keep the charge of the holy place and do everything relating to the altar of incense the shewbread table and candlestick:

and the charge of the altar; of burnt offering which stood in the court of the tabernacle:

that there be no wrath any more upon the children of Israel: as had been upon Korah and his company Numbers 16:32 and as afterwards came on Uzziah 2 Chronicles 26:19.

 

Numbers 18:6   6 Behold I Myself have taken your brethren the Levites from among the children of Israel; they are a gift to you given by the Lord to do the work of the tabernacle of meeting.

   YLT  6`And I lo I have taken your brethren the Levites from the midst of the sons of Israel; to you a gift they are given by Jehovah to do the service of the tent of meeting;

And I behold I have taken your brethren the Levites from among the children of Israel .... See Gill on Numbers 3:12; where the same is said only they are here called the brethren of the priests for the reason given Numbers 18:2

to you they are given as a gift for the Lord to do the service of the tabernacle of the congregation; See Gill on Numbers 3:7 Numbers 3:8 and See Gill on Numbers 3:9.

 

Numbers 18:7   7 Therefore you and your sons with you shall attend to your priesthood for everything at the altar and behind the veil; and you shall serve. I give your priesthood to you as a gift for service but the outsider who comes near shall be put to death.”

   YLT  7and thou and thy sons with thee do keep your priesthood for everything of the altar and within the vail and ye have served; a service of gift I make your priesthood; and the stranger who is coming near is put to death.'

Therefore thou and thy sons with thee shall keep your priest's office .... Observe all the duties of it and keep out others from intruding into it:

for everything of the altar: both of incense and of burnt offering with respect to burning incense on the one and offering sacrifices on the other; both were to be done by priests and by no other:

and within the vail; in the most holy place where the high priest entered but once a year and he only with incense and the blood of sacrifices see Hebrews 9:7

and ye shall serve; do all the business that is to be done at either altar whether in the court or in the holy place and whatsoever is to be done in the most holy place within the vail:

I have given your priest's office unto you as a service of gift; it was not what they had taken to themselves of their own will or had thrust themselves into but what the Lord had called them to and had freely invested them with see Hebrews 5:4

and the stranger that cometh nigh shall be put to death; any common person as the Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan; any Israelite one that is a stranger from the priests though a Levite as Aben Ezra; such an one might not come either to the altar of burnt offering to offer any sacrifice upon it or the altar of incense to burn incense on that or trim the lamps or put the shewbread in order or to do anything peculiar to the priest's office.

 

Numbers 18:8   8 And the Lord spoke to Aaron: “Here I Myself have also given you charge of My heave offerings all the holy gifts of the children of Israel; I have given them as a portion to you and your sons as an ordinance forever.

   YLT  8And Jehovah speaketh unto Aaron: `And I lo I have given to thee the charge of My heave-offerings of all the hallowed things of the sons of Israel -- to thee I have given them for the anointing and to thy sons by a statute age-during.

And the Lord spake unto Aaron .... Having pointed out to him the duty of his office he now informs him of the perquisites of it; or having told him what was his work now what his wages or what was his service and now his maintenance:

behold I also have given thee the charge of my heave offerings of all the hallowed things of the children of Israel; such as the heave shoulder and wave breast and firstfruits and all other holy things in general such as were the most holy things; as in Numbers 18:9; and the lighter holy things as the Jews call them Numbers 18:11; the charge of these was given to keep for themselves and for their families:

unto thee have I given them by reason of the anointing: because of his office as a priest to which he was consecrated by anointing:

and to thy sons by an ordinance for ever; see Leviticus 7:34.

 

Numbers 18:9   9 This shall be yours of the most holy things reserved from the fire: every offering of theirs every grain offering and every sin offering and every trespass offering which they render to Me shall be most holy for you and your sons.

   YLT  9This is thine of the most holy things from the fire: all their offering to all their present and to all their sin-offering and to all their guilt-offering which they give back to Me is most holy to thee and to thy sons;

This shall be thine of the most holy things .... For as observed there were some lighter and lesser holy things or sacrifices and others superlatively so: and those are begun with such as were

reserved from the fire; those parts of sacrifices which were not burnt with fire on the altar of burnt offerings:

every oblation of theirs; which is a general word including various offerings the particulars follow:

every meat offering of theirs: or bread offering for they were made of fine flour and oil and burnt on the altar the remainder of which was eaten by Aaron and his sons Leviticus 6:14

every sin offering of theirs; which was offered to make atonement for sin which also belonged to the priests and their sons excepting such whose blood was carried into the most holy place Leviticus 6:25

and every trespass offering of theirs which they shall render unto me; which was offered for a trespass committed; what remained of this also when burnt on the altar was eaten by the priest and his sons Leviticus 7:5; and this sacrifice was a ram when a trespass was committed either in the holy things of the Lord or in wrongs done to men Leviticus 5:15; Jarchi interprets it of an offering for a trespass committed by rapine or violence to a stranger: these all of them it is added:

shall be most holy for thee and for thy sons; for their use and for theirs only.

 

Numbers 18:10   10 In a most holy place you shall eat it; every male shall eat it. It shall be holy to you.

   YLT  10in the holy of holies thou dost eat it; every male doth eat it; holy it is to thee.

In the most holy place shalt thou eat it .... Not in the holy of holies eminently so called nor in the holy place for they were neither of them places to eat in; but in the tent of the congregation as Aben Ezra or court as Jarchi; called most holy in distinction from and in comparison of the camp of Israel and their tents as afterwards of Jerusalem and their houses there where they might not eat the most holy things:

every male shall eat it; the sons of priests and they only not their wives nor their daughters and therefore not to be eaten at home or in their own houses:

it shall be holy unto thee; separated only for the use of him and his sons.

 

Numbers 18:11   11 “This also is yours: the heave offering of their gift with all the wave offerings of the children of Israel; I have given them to you and your sons and daughters with you as an ordinance forever. Everyone who is clean in your house may eat it.

   YLT  11`And this [is] thine: the heave-offering of their gift to all the wave-offerings of the sons of Israel to thee I have given them and to thy sons and to thy daughters with thee by a statute age-during; every clean one in thy house doth eat it;

And this is thine .... What follow which appertained to the priests are the less or lighter holy things:

the heave offering of their gift: the right shoulder given to the priest for an heave offering of the sacrifices of peace offerings Leviticus 7:32; according to Jarchi it was what was lifted up or heaved from the thank offering the peace offerings and the ram of the Nazarites see Leviticus 7:14

with all the wave offerings of the children of Israel; which were waved to and fro before the Lord as the breast of the peace offerings called therefore the wave breast Leviticus 7:30

I have given them unto thee and to thy sons and to thy daughters with thee by a statute for ever; for these were to be eaten in their own houses and by their families wives children and servants bought with their money or born in their houses; but not hired servants nor sojourners nor strangers; nor their daughters married to strangers though if widows or divorced and without children and returned to their father's house they might eat of them Leviticus 22:10; thus a provision was made for the maintenance of the priests of the Lord and their families until the Messiah should come; who has also appointed that they that preach the Gospel should live of it 1 Corinthians 9:13

everyone that is clean in thy house shall eat of it: that was clean in a ceremonial sense; had not touched a dead body &c. Jarchi says this is said to comprehend his wife; but that might be concluded from what is said before for if his children much more might his wife eat of it.

 

Numbers 18:12   12 “All the best of the oil all the best of the new wine and the grain their firstfruits which they offer to the Lord I have given them to you.

   YLT  12all the best of the oil and all the best of the new wine and wheat -- their first-[fruits] which they give to Jehovah -- to thee I have given them.

All the best of the oil and all the best of the wine and of the wheat .... Or the "fat"F9חלב "pinguedinem" Pagninus Montanus &c. of them; the fat of anything being the best see Deuteronomy 32:14

the firstfruits of them: the oil and wine and wheat:

which they shall offer unto the Lord them have I given thee; this Jarchi calls the great heave offering the firstfruits of their harvest and vintage which being offered to the Lord was given to the priests: the quantity is not fixed but left to the generosity of the people and was a free gift; liberal men would give a fortieth part those of a meaner spirit a fiftieth and niggardly ones a sixtieth and less than that was not given See Gill on Exodus 22:29; compare with this Ezekiel 45:13.

 

Numbers 18:13   13 Whatever first ripe fruit is in their land which they bring to the Lord shall be yours. Everyone who is clean in your house may eat it.

   YLT  13`The first-fruits of all that [is] in their land which they bring in to Jehovah are thine; every clean one in thy house doth eat it;

And whatsoever is first ripe in the land .... Of any other sort of fruit figs pomegranates apples plums pears &c. besides olives and vines:

which they shall bring unto the Lord shall be thine; which they shall bring in a basket to the tabernacle where it was or to the temple when built: this the priests were to have see Deuteronomy 26:2

everyone that is clean in thine house shall eat of it; See Gill on Numbers 18:11.

 

Numbers 18:14   14 “Every devoted thing in Israel shall be yours.

   YLT  14every devoted thing in Israel is thine

Every thing devoted in Israel shall be thine. Fields houses cattle &c. if absolutely devoted to the Lord they were the priest's; but if devoted to certain uses they were appropriated to those uses as the repairs of the temple &c. see Leviticus 27:1.

 

Numbers 18:15   15 “Everything that first opens the womb of all flesh which they bring to the Lord whether man or beast shall be yours; nevertheless the firstborn of man you shall surely redeem and the firstborn of unclean animals you shall redeem.

   YLT  15every one opening a womb of all flesh which they bring near to Jehovah among man and among beast is thine; only thou dost certainly ransom the first-born of man and the firstling of the unclean beast thou dost ransom.

Every thing that openeth the matrix in all flesh .... The firstborn of every creature:

which they bring unto the Lord; as they were obliged he claiming it as his own Exodus 13:2

whether it be of men or beasts shall be thine; every firstborn of either being the Lord's became the priest's by his gift:

nevertheless the firstborn of man shalt thou surely redeem; that is take the redemption price for it which was five shekels as in Numbers 18:16; for the original proprietor was strictly speaking the redeemer and paid the money and the priest was the receiver to whom it was paid; see Exodus 13:13

and the firstlings of unclean beasts shall thou redeem; with lambs as an ass which is put for unclean beasts is ordered to be redeemed with a lamb or its neck to be broken Exodus 13:13; the Africans the shepherds among them as Herodotus relatesF11Melpomene sive l. 4. c. 188. of their firstlings they cut off the ear of the beast and throw it over a house and then turn its neck back for they worship only the sun and moon; which seems to be an imitation of this law.

 

Numbers 18:16   16 And those redeemed of the devoted things you shall redeem when one month old according to your valuation for five shekels of silver according to the shekel of the sanctuary which is twenty gerahs.

   YLT  16`And their ransomed ones from a son of a month thou dost ransom with thy valuation of silver five shekels by the shekel of the sanctuary twenty gerahs it [is].

And those that are to be redeemed .... Which is to be understood not of unclean beasts last mentioned for they were redeemed with lambs and not with money; and after they were eight days and not a month old as follows Exodus 13:13; but of the firstborn of men:

from a month old shalt thou redeem according to thine estimation: that is take the redemption money next mentioned; and though both time and price are fixed yet said to be according to the estimation of the priest; see Leviticus 27:5

for the money of five shekels; which was about eleven or twelve shillings of our money and is the price given for the redemption of the firstborn when the Levites were taken in their stead Numbers 3:47

after the shekel of the sanctuary which is twenty gerahs; see Gill on Numbers 3:47; of the manner of redeeming the firstborn; see Gill on Exodus 13:15.

 

Numbers 18:17   17 But the firstborn of a cow the firstborn of a sheep or the firstborn of a goat you shall not redeem; they are holy. You shall sprinkle their blood on the altar and burn their fat as an offering made by fire for a sweet aroma to the Lord.

   YLT  17`Only the firstling of a cow or the firstling of a sheep or the firstling of a goat thou dost not ransom holy they [are]: their blood thou dost sprinkle on the altar and of their fat thou makest perfume a fire-offering of sweet fragrance to Jehovah

But the firstling of a cow or the firstling of a sheep or the firstling of a goat thou shalt not redeem .... That is shalt not take the redemption price for them but the creatures themselves; which they the priests were to take for their own use:

they are holy; separated to the Lord and therefore not to be used in common by men but were sacred to the Lord or became the property of his priests; see Deuteronomy 15:19; how they were to be made use of follows:

thou shalt sprinkle their blood upon the altar; for they were to be sacrificed and their blood used as in other sacrifices:

and shalt burn their fat for an offering made by fire; for a sweet savour unto the Lord; as the fat of other sacrifices was and particularly of the peace offerings which were wholly eaten otherwise Leviticus 7:31.

 

Numbers 18:18   18 And their flesh shall be yours just as the wave breast and the right thigh are yours.

   YLT  18and their flesh is thine as the breast of the wave-offering and as the right leg it is thine;

And the flesh of them shall be thine .... For him and his family to eat of whether blemished or perfect the Jews sayF12Maimon. & Bartenora in Misn. Becorot c. 4. sect. 2. & 5. 2. :

as the wave breast and as the right shoulder are thine: which were his part of the peace offerings for him and his sons to eat of Leviticus 7:34; and the Jews observeF13Maimon. & Bartenora in Misn. Zebachim c. 5. sect. 8. that as the wave breast and heave shoulder of the peace offerings might be eaten in two days and one night so might those of the firstlings.

 

Numbers 18:19   19 “All the heave offerings of the holy things which the children of Israel offer to the Lord I have given to you and your sons and daughters with you as an ordinance forever; it is a covenant of salt forever before the Lord with you and your descendants with you.”

   YLT  19all the heave-offerings of the holy things which the sons of Israel lift up to Jehovah I have given to thee and to thy sons and to thy daughters with thee by a statute age-during a covenant of salt age-during it [is] before Jehovah to thee and to thy seed with thee.'

All the heave offerings of the holy things .... All before mentioned and whatsoever comes under that name:

which the children of Israel offer unto the Lord; either by his commandment or of their own freewill:

have I given thee and thy sons and thy daughters with thee by a statute for ever: so providing for their maintenance by an irrepealable law as long as their priesthood lasted even until the Messiah should come:

it is a covenant of salt for ever before the Lord unto thee and thy seed with thee: an incorruptible inviolable durable covenant which should last for ever even until the Gospel dispensation or world to come should take place; and it would remain ever before the Lord in his sight who would take care it should never be made void but stand fast with Aaron and his posterity as long as his priesthood endured.

 

Numbers 18:20   20 Then the Lord said to Aaron: “You shall have no inheritance in their land nor shall you have any portion among them; I am your portion and your inheritance among the children of Israel.

   YLT  20And Jehovah saith unto Aaron `In their land thou dost not inherit and a portion thou hast not in their midst: I [am] thy portion and thine inheritance in the midst of the sons of Israel;

And the Lord spake unto Aaron .... What is said being what concerned the tribe of Levi at the head of which Aaron was even concerning the maintenance of the Levites:

thou shalt have no inheritance in their land; in the land of Israel when they come to possess it as the rest of the tribes had:

neither shalt thou have any part among them; any part of the land when it is divided by lot as it was in the times of Joshua when taken from the Canaanites; no tract of land was peculiarly assigned to them as were to the other tribes as fields nor vineyards; they had cities appointed them and they had houses and fields devoted to the Lord which fell to them and others they had by gift or legacy or by purchase as had Jeremiah the priest and Barnabas the Levite Jeremiah 32:9 Acts 4:36; but they had no share in the distribution of the land of Canaan at the time of the division of it among the tribes; no not even in the spoil of the cities of the land of Canaan when they were conquered; this MaimonidesF14Hilchot Shemittah Veyobel c. 13. sect. 10 11. says they were warned not to take; and a son of Levi that took any part of the spoil was to be beaten; but the spoil of other lands subdued by the kings of Israel they might take as other Israelites did: the reason of all this was because they had a sufficient provision made for them in another way and that they might not be entangled in worldly affairs or spend their time in the culture of fields and vineyards but wholly give themselves to the service of God in his house:

I am thy part and thine inheritance among the children of Israel; in things temporal the offerings tithes firstfruits &c. which were given to the Lord being bestowed upon them; and in things spiritual they being employed in the work and service of God and having a peculiar nearness to him and communion with him: so all that are made priests unto God as all believers in Christ are 1 Peter 2:5 have God for their portion and inheritance; God in his persons and in all his perfections and under every character as the God of nature providence and grace is the portion of his people; and a rich large and satisfying portion he is and which is inexhaustible and will endure for ever; he is their portion in life and at death in time and to all eternity; see Psalm 73:26.

 

Numbers 18:21   21 “Behold I have given the children of Levi all the tithes in Israel as an inheritance in return for the work which they perform the work of the tabernacle of meeting.

   YLT  21and to the sons of Levi lo I have given all the tenth in Israel for inheritance in exchange for their service which they are serving -- the service of the tent of meeting.

And behold I have given the children of Levi all the tenth in Israel for an inheritance .... The tenth part of the produce of the land; of the wheat barley oil and wine; the tenth part of their harvest and vintage; so that though they were the least of the tribes they had the greatest share of the increase of the land and that without any labour or expense; the other having but nine parts among them all and at the charge and labour of manuring cultivating &c. and this they were to have

for their service which they serve even the service of the tabernacle of the congregation; see Numbers 18:3.

 

Numbers 18:22   22 Hereafter the children of Israel shall not come near the tabernacle of meeting lest they bear sin and die.

   YLT  22`And the sons of Israel come no more near unto the tent of meeting to bear sin to die

Neither must the children of Israel henceforth come nigh the tabernacle of the congregation .... To do any part of the priest's office as to burn incense as Korah and his company had done; or to do any part of the work of the Levites by watching in the tabernacle by taking it down and setting it up and bearing the vessels of it; otherwise they might come to it to bring their sacrifices to pay their vows and for their purification when necessary and such like things:

lest they bear sin and die; lest sin be charged upon them and punishment be inflicted even the punishment of death; for it was death to intrude into the priest's office.

 

Numbers 18:23   23 But the Levites shall perform the work of the tabernacle of meeting and they shall bear their iniquity; it shall be a statute forever throughout your generations that among the children of Israel they shall have no inheritance.

   YLT  23and the Levites have done the service of the tent of meeting and they -- they bear their iniquity; a statute age-during to your generations that in the midst of the sons of Israel they have no inheritance;

But the Levites shall do the service of the tabernacle of the congregation .... In guarding the tabernacle that no unclean persons enter into it or any others take anything out of it and in assisting the priests in their service and carrying the vessels of the sanctuary when required:

and they shall bear their iniquity: that is when they fail in the duty of their office are not careful in their service and work and business appointed them; if either they did not do their business themselves or suffered others to do it or such to come to the tabernacle who should not they would be blameworthy and suffer for it:

it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations that the children of Israel they have no inheritance; having such a plentiful provision made for them by a statute as durable as this.

 

Numbers 18:24   24 For the tithes of the children of Israel which they offer up as a heave offering to the Lord I have given to the Levites as an inheritance; therefore I have said to them ‘Among the children of Israel they shall have no inheritance.’”

   YLT  24but the tithe of the sons of Israel which they lift up to Jehovah a heave-offering I have given to the Levites for inheritance; therefore I have said of them In the midst of the sons of Israel they have no inheritance.'

But the tithe of the children of Israel .... The tenth of the produce of their land as before:

which they offer as an heave offering unto the Lord: by way of gratitude to him for giving them the land and for making it so fruitful to them and as an acknowledgment of his being the sovereign Lord and proprietor of it:

I have given to the Levites to inherit; so that the Levites had the tithe not immediately from the Israelites nor were they dependent on them for them; but they were first given to the Lord and then by him to the Levites who held them of him and not of the Israelites; and were a portion and an inheritance settled upon them by the Lord himself which they had as good a right and title unto as the rest of the tribes had to their several inheritances:

therefore have I said unto them among the children of Israel they shall have no inheritance; as in Numbers 18:23.

 

Numbers 18:25   25 Then the Lord spoke to Moses saying

   YLT  25And Jehovah speaketh unto Moses saying

And the Lord spake unto Moses .... And not unto Aaron because a tithe out of the tithe was to be given to Aaron as Aben Ezra observes and it was not so proper that he should have this order to deliver to the Levites in which he and his sons were so much concerned and therefore it was given to Moses to acquaint them of it:

saying; as follows.

 

Numbers 18:26   26 “Speak thus to the Levites and say to them: ‘When you take from the children of Israel the tithes which I have given you from them as your inheritance then you shall offer up a heave offering of it to the Lord a tenth of the tithe.

   YLT  26`And unto the Levites thou dost speak; and thou hast said unto them When ye take from the sons of Israel the tithe which I have given to you from them for your inheritance then ye have lifted up from it the heave-offering of Jehovah a tithe of the tithe;

Thus speak unto the Levites and say unto them .... Aaron was to tell them what a provision would be made for them on account of their service but Moses was to inform them what part Aaron was to have out of it:

when ye take of the children of Israel the tithes which I have given you from them for your inheritance; which was done at the time of their harvest and of the ingathering of the fruits of the earth:

then ye shall offer up an heave offering of it for the Lord; in token of gratitude for the liberal provision he had made for the maintenance of them:

even a tenth part of the tithe; a tenth part out of the tenth of the produce of the land of Israel.

 

Numbers 18:27   27 And your heave offering shall be reckoned to you as though it were the grain of the threshing floor and as the fullness of the winepress.

   YLT  27and your heave-offering hath been reckoned to you as corn from the threshing-floor and as fulness from the wine-vat;

And this your heave offering .... The tithe of the tithe which though not properly heaved or lifted up as the heave offerings strictly so called were any more than the tithe itself Numbers 18:24; yet is so called because separated to the use and service of the Lord as they were:

shall be reckoned unto you as though it were the corn of the threshingfloor and as the fulness of the winepress; that is it should be as acceptable to God as if they had fields and vineyards threshing floors and wine presses of their own from whence corn and wine were taken as the Israelites when they received their tithes from them; and what remained they had as good a right unto and might make use of as their own as well as they; see Numbers 18:30.

 

Numbers 18:28   28 Thus you shall also offer a heave offering to the Lord from all your tithes which you receive from the children of Israel and you shall give the Lord’s heave offering from it to Aaron the priest.

   YLT  28so ye do lift up -- ye also -- the heave-offering of Jehovah from all your tithes which ye receive from the sons of Israel; and ye have given from it the heave-offering of Jehovah to Aaron the priest;

Thus you also shall offer an heave offering unto the Lord .... As the Israelites did when they paid tithes to them Numbers 18:24

of all your tithes which ye receive of the children of Israel; which heave offering was a tenth part of them:

and ye shall give thereof the Lord's heave offering to Aaron the priest; that is the said tenth part of the tithe was to be given not to Aaron only as the high priest as some have thought and so to his successors in the high priesthood; but to him and his sons even to all the priests in common the high priest having his share of it; and JosephusF15Antiqu. l. 4. c. 4. sect. 3. is clear for it that the tithe of the annual fruits was paid to the Levites and to the priests. Hecataeus an Heathen writer who lived in the times of Alexander the great saysF16Apud Joseph. contr. Apion. l. 1. sect. 22. that all the priests of the Jews received the tenth of whatsoever was produced and ministered things in common and were 1500 in number.

 

Numbers 18:29   29 Of all your gifts you shall offer up every heave offering due to the Lord from all the best of them the consecrated part of them.’

   YLT  29out of all your gifts ye do lift up the whole heave-offering of Jehovah; out of all its fat -- its hallowed part -- out of it.

Out of all your gifts ye shall offer every heave offering of the Lord .... Not only out of their tithes but out of whatsoever gifts were given by the Israelites to them and out of the produce of the fields which belonged to their cities Numbers 35:4; the Levites were to take a tenth and bring it to the Lord as an heave offering; that is they were to give it to the priests to testify their gratitude for everything they had and to sanctify the rest unto them and confirm their right and title to it and give them the free use of it:

of all the best thereof even the hallowed part thereof out of it; which was the tenth part for that Was holy as Aben Ezra says and that was to be the best of it which was always to be given to the Lord.

 

Numbers 18:30   30 Therefore you shall say to them: ‘When you have lifted up the best of it then the rest shall be accounted to the Levites as the produce of the threshing floor and as the produce of the winepress.

   YLT  30`And thou hast said unto them In your lifting up its fat out of it then it hath been reckoned to the Levites as increase of a threshing-floor and as increase of a wine-vat;

Therefore thou shalt say unto them .... The Targum of Jonathan is "thou shalt say to them the priests;'but the words seem manifestly spoken to the Levites:

when ye have heaved the best thereof from it; taken out the tenth part of it and that the best:

then it shall be counted unto the Levites as the increase of the threshing floor and as the increase of the wine press; then what remains shall be reckoned as much their own and may be as lawfully enjoyed as the corn of the threshing floor and the wine of the wine fat of any Israelite whatever.

 

Numbers 18:31   31 You may eat it in any place you and your households for it is your reward for your work in the tabernacle of meeting.

   YLT  31and ye have eaten it in every place ye and your households for it [is] your hire in exchange for your service in the tent of meeting;

And ye shall eat it in every place .... In any of their tents or dwelling houses not being obliged to eat it in the tabernacle where the priests were obliged to eat many of their holy things and second tithes were only to be eaten at Jerusalem Deuteronomy 14:22; but the Levites might eat theirs any where in any place clean or unclean according to Jarchi; for he says it might be eaten even in a graveyard; but Aben Ezra much better in a clean place be that where it would:

ye and your households; they and their wives their sons and daughters their servants whether bought or hired; and they might sell it to strangers to purchase other necessaries with. The Targum of Jonathan interprets this of the priests; but the Levites only are plainly spoken of:

for it is your reward for your service in the tabernacle of the congregation; which is said to encourage them in their work and animate them to it as well as to clear their right to such a maintenance against all objections; for the labourer is worthy of his reward as those that labour in the word and doctrine are of theirs 1 Timothy 5:17

 

Numbers 18:32   32 And you shall bear no sin because of it when you have lifted up the best of it. But you shall not profane the holy gifts of the children of Israel lest you die.’”

   YLT  32and ye bear no sin for it in your lifting up its fat out of it and the holy things of the sons of Israel ye do not pollute and ye die not.'

And ye shall bear no sin by reason of it .... Shall have no blame laid upon them or guilt imputed to them or punishment inflicted on them on account of their having and enjoying their tithes and gifts:

when ye have heaved from it the best of it; took out the tenth and that the best and given it to the priests; or otherwise they would be blameworthy guilty and liable to punishment:

neither shall ye pollute the holy things of the children of Israel; the gifts they have given for holy uses and so are holy; which would be the case if they ate of them or enjoyed them without giving the priests the tenth part of them:

lest ye die; for it seems such a neglect was punishable with death.

 

──John Gill’s Exposition of the Bible