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Numbers Chapter Twenty-eight

 

Numbers 28 Outlines

Daily Offerings (v.1~8)

Sabbath Offerings (v.9~10)

Monthly Offerings (v.11~15)

Offerings at Passover (v.16~25)

Offerings at the Feast of Weeks (v.26~31)

New King James Version (NKJV)

 

INTRODUCTION TO NUMBERS 28

In this chapter is a repetition of several laws concerning sacrifices as the law of the daily sacrifice morning and evening Numbers 28:1 of those that were offered every week on the sabbath day Numbers 28:9 and every month on the first day of the month Numbers 28:11 and on the seven days of unleavened bread Numbers 28:16 and at the feast of weeks Numbers 28:26.

 

Numbers 28:1   Now the Lord spoke to Moses saying

   YLT  1And Jehovah speaketh unto Moses saying

And the Lord spake unto Moses .... The number of the children of Israel being taken and orders given to divide the land unto them according to their numbers; it was thought proper by the Lord to renew or to put in mind of the laws concerning sacrifices which had been made and which they were to observe when they came into the land of Canaan; and the rather this was necessary as it was now thirty eight years ago since these laws were first made and during that time were much in disuse at least some of them: and besides this was a new generation of men that were sprung up those that were at Mount Sinai at the giving of the law being all dead except a very few; and now Moses also was about to die and would be no more with them to remind them of these laws and see that they were observed; and a successor of him being appointed and constituted it may be likewise on his account as well as the people's that these laws were repeated:

saying; as follows.

 

Numbers 28:2    2 “Command the children of Israel and say to them ‘My offering My food for My offerings made by fire as a sweet aroma to Me you shall be careful to offer to Me at their appointed time.’

   YLT  2`Command the sons of Israel and thou hast said unto them My offering My bread for My fire-offerings My sweet fragrance ye take heed to bring near to Me in its appointed season.

Command the children of Israel and say unto them .... For what follows concerned them all; namely the offering of their daily weekly monthly and anniversary sacrifices which were not for private persons but for the whole congregation; and these might be considered by them not merely as commands and duties to be observed but as tokens of the divine favour to them that notwithstanding all their rebellions and provocations in the wilderness sacrifices for sin were ordered continued and accepted of by the Lord; and his acceptance of them and well pleasedness in them may easily be observed in the expressions used concerning them:

my offering and my bread; by "offering" may be meant in general all sacrifices which were offered to the Lord and by his command; and more especially the burnt offering which was wholly and peculiarly his and is after explained by sacrifices made by fire and it is chiefly of burnt offerings this chapter treats; and by "bread" may be meant either the shewbread which was set upon a table before the Lord continually as his bread; so the Targum of Jonathan "my oblation the bread of the order of my table shall the priests eat but what ye offer on the altar no man has power to eat;'or else the meat offering or rather as it may be called the bread offering which always went along with burnt offerings; though the copulative "and" which is not in the text may be omitted and both may signify the same "my offering" that is "my bread"; for the sacrifices were the food of God the provisions of his house of which there were all sorts in the sacrifices flesh bread and wine; particularly the daily sacrifice was his food every day and the fat of sacrifices burnt is called the food of the offering made by fire Leviticus 3:16 so Jarchi interprets it "my offering" this is the blood; "my bread" the "amurim" or fat that covereth the inward parts which were burnt on the altar:

for my sacrifices made by fire for a sweet savour unto me; which respects burnt offerings wholly consumed by fire and were entirely the Lord's and which he smelled a sweet savour in or were acceptable to him: these the children of Israel were

to observe to offer unto him in their due season; the daily sacrifice morning and evening; not before morning nor after evening as Aben Ezra observes; and so all the rest at the proper time fixed whether weekly monthly or yearly. The Jews from this phrase "observe to offer unto me" conclude the necessity of fixing stations or stationary men as Jarchi notes; so the tradition is "these are the stations as it is said "command the children of Israel &c." but how can the offering of a man be offered and he not stand by it? wherefore the former prophets appointed twenty four courses and to every course there was a station at Jerusalem of priests Levites and Israelites; and when the time of each course came to go up the priests and Levites went up to Jerusalem and the Israelites who belonged to that course went into their cities and read the history of the creationF4Taanith c. 4. sect. 2. :'now these stations or stationary men were substitutes for or representatives of all Israel and stood by the sacrifices when they were offered in which all Israel were concerned as particularly in the daily sacrifice which is here first taken notice of.

 

Numbers 28:3   3 “And you shall say to them ‘This is the offering made by fire which you shall offer to the Lord: two male lambs in their first year without blemish day by day as a regular burnt offering.

   YLT  3`And thou hast said to them This [is] the fire-offering which ye bring near to Jehovah: two lambs sons of a year perfect ones daily a continual burnt-offering;

And thou shalt say unto them .... Having directed Moses to command the people of Israel to observe to offer all the sacrifices of God in general the Lord proceeds to order him to speak of them to them particularly and distinctly; this according to Jarchi is an admonition to the sanhedrim:

this is the offering made by fire which ye shall offer unto the Lord; the daily burnt offering which was wholly consumed by fire:

two lambs of the first year without spot day by day for a continual burnt offering; this law was made before and is directed to in Exodus 29:38 where the same things are said as here only as a further descriptive character of the lambs they are here said to be "without spot"; so all sacrifices were to be without blemish whether expressed or not; and in this as in other things these lambs were typical of Christ the Lamb of God without spot and blemish; and are said to be a "continual" burnt offering because they were offered every day in the week without any intermission on any account whatever which is frequently observed in this chapter: and this was to continue and did continue until the Messiah came who put an end to it by the sacrifice of himself as to any real use of it; and was in fact made to cease a few years after by the utter destruction of Jerusalem and was before that a little while interrupted in the times of Antiochus Daniel 8:11.

 

Numbers 28:4   4 The one lamb you shall offer in the morning the other lamb you shall offer in the evening

   YLT  4the one lamb thou preparest in the morning and the second lamb thou preparest between the evenings;

The one lamb shalt thou offer in the morning .... Every morning to make atonement for the sins of the night as the Targum of Jonathan:

and the other lamb shall thou offer at even; or "between the two evenings" to make atonement for the sins of the day as the same Targum; in which they prefigured Christ the Lamb of God who continually every day morning and night and every moment takes away the sins of his people through the virtue and efficacy of his sacrifice John 1:29; see Gill on Exodus 29:39.

 

Numbers 28:5   5 and one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour as a grain offering mixed with one-fourth of a hin of pressed oil.

   YLT  5and a tenth of the ephah of flour for a present mixed with beaten oil a fourth of the hin;

And the tenth part of an ephah of flour for a meat offering .... Which always went along with the burnt offering:

mingled with the fourth part of an hin of beaten oil: which in those times and countries was used instead of butter; and fine flour and this mingled together made a "minchah" or bread offering as it should rather be called; of the measures used; see Gill on Exodus 29:40.

 

Numbers 28:6   6 It is a regular burnt offering which was ordained at Mount Sinai for a sweet aroma an offering made by fire to the Lord.

   YLT  6a continual burnt-offering which was made in mount Sinai for sweet fragrance a fire-offering to Jehovah;

It is a continual burnt offering .... For the meat offering was burnt as well as the lambs at least part of it:

which was ordained in Mount Sinai for a sweet savour a sacrifice made by fire unto the Lord; that is this law concerning the daily burnt offering was made on Mount Sinai so long ago as the children of Israel were there; and it was then ordered that they should continually offer such a sacrifice by fire which would be grateful and acceptable unto God especially when done in faith of the sacrifice of his Son it was a type of; or which sacrifice was "made"F5העשיה "quod obtulistis" V. L. "quod factum est" Pagninus; "quod sacrificatum fucrat" Piscator. or offered at Mount Sinai when the law of it was first given there: hence Aben Ezra observes that this is a sign that they did not offer burnt offerings in the wilderness after they journeyed from Sinai; but then though sacrifices were not so frequently offered by them as afterwards yet one would think that the daily sacrifice would not be omitted which seemed to be always necessary; nor would there be any or but little use of the altar and the fire continually burning on it if this was the case; see Amos 5:25.

 

Numbers 28:7   7 And its drink offering shall be one-fourth of a hin for each lamb; in a holy place you shall pour out the drink to the Lord as an offering.

   YLT  7and its libation a fourth of the hin for the one lamb; in the sanctuary cause thou a libation of strong drink to be poured out to Jehovah.

And the drink offering thereof shall be the fourth part of an hin for the one lamb .... For the lamb offered in the morning along with the meat offering of which went a drink offering which was of wine and strong wine too as the next clause expresses it; the quantity of which was the fourth part of an hin which was about a quart and half a pint of our measure:

in the holy place shalt thou cause the strong wine to be poured unto the Lord for a drink offering; that is in the court of the tabernacle upon the altar of burnt offering which stood there: the Targums of Jonathan and Jerusalem interpret it of old choice wine old wine being reckoned best see Luke 5:39 and though this wine was poured out on the altar and not properly drank by any yet it was to be the strongest best and choicest that could be got as it was reasonable it should; since it was poured out as a libation or drink offering to the Lord which was his way of drinking it as the burning of the sacrifice was his way of eating that; all which was typical of the sufferings sacrifice and bloodshed of Christ which are well pleasing and acceptable to the Lord; see Isaiah 53:10.

 

Numbers 28:8   8 The other lamb you shall offer in the evening; as the morning grain offering and its drink offering you shall offer it as an offering made by fire a sweet aroma to the Lord.

   YLT  8`And the second lamb thou dost prepare between the evenings; as the present of the morning and as its libation thou preparest -- a fire-offering a sweet fragrance to Jehovah.

And the other lamb shalt thou offer at even .... As before directed Numbers 28:4

as the meat offering of the morning and as the drink offering thereof shalt thou offer it; some think that "caph" "as" is put for "beth" "with" the letters being similar and so render the words "with the meat offering of the morning and with the drink offering thereof"; but there is no need of such a version nor is it with propriety; and the meaning is that a meat offering and a drink offering were to go with the lamb offered at evening of the same sort and in like manner as were offered with the lamb of the morning:

a sacrifice made by fire of a sweet savour unto the Lord; this is repeated to encourage the people to offer it and to show how very acceptable it was to the Lord especially the antitype of it.

 

Numbers 28:9   9 ‘And on the Sabbath day two lambs in their first year without blemish and two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour as a grain offering mixed with oil with its drink offering—

   YLT  9`And on the sabbath-day two lambs sons of a year perfect ones and two-tenth deals of flour a present mixed with oil and its libation;

And on the sabbath day two lambs of the first year without spot .... Just such as were appointed for the daily sacrifice:

and two tenth deals of flour for a meat offering mingled with oil; that is two tenth parts of an ephah of flour mixed with two fourth parts of an hin of oil; of oil olive as the Targum of Jonathan expresses it which is always meant wherever oil is mentioned; which made one meat offering to them doubled for both lambs or two meat offerings of the same quantity with those of the daily sacrifice one for one lamb and the other for the other:

and the drink offering thereof: which was of a like quantity of wine doubled in proportion to the meat offering; when these lambs with the meat and drink offerings were offered up is not said whether the one in the morning after and the other in the evening before the daily sacrifice which is not improbable or both together.

 

Numbers 28:10   10 this is the burnt offering for every Sabbath besides the regular burnt offering with its drink offering.

   YLT  10the burnt-offering of the sabbath in its sabbath besides the continual burnt-offering and its libation.

This is the burnt offering of every sabbath .... Or "of the sabbath in its sabbath"F6שבת בשבתו "sabbathi in sabbatho ejus" Pagninus Montanus Fagius Junius & Tremellius Piscator. that is as Jarchi observes the burnt offering of one sabbath was not to be offered on another but only on its own; so that if the sabbath was past and the offering not offered it ceased; it was not to be renewed the following sabbath; every sacrifice was to be offered in its own season Numbers 28:2

beside the continual burnt offering and its drink offering; and meat offering also over and above the two lambs of the daily sacrifice; with the offerings that were appendages to them two other lambs with proportionate meat and drink offerings were offered also; the other were not to be omitted on account of these showing that more religions service was to be performed on sabbath days than on others: it may be rendered "after" or "upon" to which sense Aben Ezra interprets it after the daily sacrifice; because says he he puts upon it the burnt offering of the sabbath; which seems to confirm what has been suggested on the preceding verse that these lambs were offered morning and evening after the daily sacrifice and indeed there was nothing offered before that.

 

Numbers 28:11   11 ‘At the beginnings of your months you shall present a burnt offering to the Lord: two young bulls one ram and seven lambs in their first year without blemish;

   YLT  11`And in the beginnings of your months ye bring near a burnt-offering to Jehovah: two bullocks sons of the herd and one ram seven lambs sons of a year perfect ones;

And in the beginnings of your months ye shall offer a burnt offering unto the Lord .... On the first day of every month when the new moon appeared; that this was religiously observed appears from the blowing of the trumpets over the sacrifices on this day from attendance on the word of the Lord by his prophets on this day and from abstinence from worldly business on it Numbers 10:10.

two young bullocks and one ram seven rams of the first year without spot; this was the burnt offering and a very large and costly one it was: more creatures were offered on this day than on a sabbath day; not that this was a more holy day than that but this was but once a month and therefore the expense might be the more easily bore whereas that was every week.

 

Numbers 28:12   12 three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour as a grain offering mixed with oil for each bull; two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour as a grain offering mixed with oil for the one ram;

   YLT  12and three-tenth deals of flour a present mixed with oil for the one bullock and two-tenth deals of flour a present mixed with oil for the one ram;

Verses 12-14

And three tenth deals of fine flour for a meat offering mingled with oil for one bullock .... The quantities of flour in the meat offering for each bullock and for the ram and for each lamb are the same as in Numbers 15:4 only the quantity of oil for each is not here expressed which for a bullock was half an hin of oil for a ram the third part of an hin and for a lamb the fourth part; and likewise the quantity of wine in the drink offerings for each of them is the same here as there; which according to the Targum of Jonathan was to be wine of grapes and not any other:

this is the burnt offering of every month throughout the year; or "of the month in its month"F7חדש בחדשו "mensis in mense ejus" Pagninus Montanus Vatablus. ; it was to be offered at its appointed time every month and not to be deferred to another: Jarchi has the same remark here as on verse ten. See Gill on Numbers 28:10.

 

Numbers 28:13   13 and one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil as a grain offering for each lamb as a burnt offering of sweet aroma an offering made by fire to the Lord.

   YLT  13and a several tenth deal of flour a present mixed with oil for the one lamb; a burnt-offering a sweet fragrance a fire-offering to Jehovah;

 

Numbers 28:14   14 Their drink offering shall be half a hin of wine for a bull one-third of a hin for a ram and one-fourth of a hin for a lamb; this is the burnt offering for each month throughout the months of the year.

   YLT  14and their libations are a half of the hin to a bullock and a third of the hin to a ram and a fourth of the hin to a lamb of wine; this [is] the burnt-offering of every month for the months of the year;

 

Numbers 28:15   15 Also one kid of the goats as a sin offering to the Lord shall be offered besides the regular burnt offering and its drink offering.

   YLT  15and one kid of the goats for a sin-offering to Jehovah; besides the continual burnt-offering it is prepared and its libation.

And one kid of the goats for a sin offering unto the Lord shall be offered .... This was an offering of a different sort not a burnt offering but a sin offering typical of Christ who was made an offering for sin; and it was of that sort of sin offerings which were to be eaten as the Jews sayF8Maimon. Hilchot Tamidin c. 7. sect. 2. ; for there were some that were not even such whose blood was brought into the sanctuary Leviticus 6:30. MaimonidesF9Moreh Nevochim par. 3. c. 46. p. 488. observes that this phrase "unto the Lord" is very particular and expressive and that the design of it is to observe that it was offered to the Lord and not to the moon as the Egyptians did:

besides the continual burnt offering and his drink offering; though the burnt offering of this day was so very large consisting of so many creatures; and besides that a goat for a sin offering; yet the daily sacrifice was not to be omitted and what belonged to that.

 

Numbers 28:16   16 ‘On the fourteenth day of the first month is the Passover of the Lord.

   YLT  16`And in the first month in the fourteenth day of the month [is] the passover to Jehovah;

And in the fourteenth day of the first month .... The month Nisan as the Targum of Jonathan or Abib which upon the Israelites coming out of Egypt and on that account was made the first month; otherwise Tisri or September was the first month see Exodus 12:2

is the passover of the Lord; a feast in which a lamb was killed and eaten in memory of the Lord's passing over the houses of the Israelites when he slew the firstborn in Egypt; see Exodus 12:6.

 

Numbers 28:17   17 And on the fifteenth day of this month is the feast; unleavened bread shall be eaten for seven days.

   YLT  17and in the fifteenth day of this month [is] a festival seven days unleavened food is eaten;

And in the fifteenth day of this month is the feast .... Not of the passover that was the day before but of unleavened bread which began on this day and lasted seven days Leviticus 23:6 which is what the Jews call the Chagigah:

seven days shall unleavened bread be eaten; see Exodus 12:15.

 

Numbers 28:18   18 On the first day you shall have a holy convocation. You shall do no customary work.

   YLT  18in the first day [is] an holy convocation ye do no servile work

In the first day shall be an holy convocation .... The first of the seven days which was kept in a very religious manner:

ye shall do no manner of servile work therein; except by preparing food to eat; see Exodus 12:16.

 

Numbers 28:19   19 And you shall present an offering made by fire as a burnt offering to the Lord: two young bulls one ram and seven lambs in their first year. Be sure they are without blemish.

   YLT  19and ye have brought near a fire-offering a burnt-offering to Jehovah: two bullocks sons of the herd and one ram and seven lambs sons of a year perfect ones they are for you;

But ye shall offer a sacrifice made by fire for a burnt offering unto the Lord .... Which was to be of the creatures next mentioned:

two young bullocks &c. the same with the burnt offering on the first day of the month Numbers 28:11.

 

Numbers 28:20   20 Their grain offering shall be of fine flour mixed with oil: three-tenths of an ephah you shall offer for a bull and two-tenths for a ram;

   YLT  20and their present flour mixed with oil three-tenth deals for a bullock and two-tenth deals for a ram ye do prepare;

Verse 20-21

And their meat offering .... The quantity of flour for which is the same for a bullock a ram and a lamb as in Numbers 28:12.

 

Numbers 28:21   21 you shall offer one-tenth of an ephah for each of the seven lambs;

   YLT  21a several tenth deal thou preparest for the one lamb for the seven lambs

 

Numbers 28:22   22 also one goat as a sin offering to make atonement for you.

   YLT  22and one goat a sin-offering to make atonement for you.

And one goat for a sin offering to make atonement for you. For notwithstanding all their services and sacrifices and though this day was an holy convocation yet there was need of a sin offering to expiate their guilt typical of Christ who takes away the sins of our holy things as well as all other sins: this sin offering also was of that sort which were eaten; for Maimonides saysF11Maimon. Hilchot Tamidin c. 7. sect. 3. the goat of the sin offering was eaten on the second day of the passover which was the sixteenth of Nisan.

 

Numbers 28:23   23 You shall offer these besides the burnt offering of the morning which is for a regular burnt offering.

   YLT  23`Apart from the burnt-offering of the morning which [is] for the continual burnt-offering ye prepare these;

Ye shall offer these beside the burnt offering in the morning .... The daily morning sacrifice and also besides the daily evening sacrifices though it is not expressed:

which is for a continual burnt offering; and not to be intermitted on any account let the sacrifices of the day be ever so numerous; great care is taken to observe this.

 

Numbers 28:24   24 In this manner you shall offer the food of the offering made by fire daily for seven days as a sweet aroma to the Lord; it shall be offered besides the regular burnt offering and its drink offering.

   YLT  24according to these ye prepare daily seven days bread of a fire-offering a sweet fragrance to Jehovah; besides the continual burnt-offering it is prepared and its libation;

After this manner ye shall offer daily throughout the seven days .... That is two bullocks one ram and seven lambs for a burnt offering on everyone of the seven days; but then they were not all holy convocations only the first and last:

the meat of the sacrifice made by fire of a sweet savour unto the Lord; it seems by this that only the burnt offering was offered up every day but not a goat of the sin offering that was peculiar to the first day:

it shall be offered beside the continual burnt offering and his drink offering; which is again repeated that it might be diligently observed.

 

Numbers 28:25   25 And on the seventh day you shall have a holy convocation. You shall do no customary work.

   YLT  25and on the seventh day a holy convocation ye have ye do no servile work.

And on the seventh day ye shall have an holy convocation .... As on the first:

ye shall do no servile work; unless in dressing food.

 

Numbers 28:26   26 ‘Also on the day of the firstfruits when you bring a new grain offering to the Lord at your Feast of Weeks you shall have a holy convocation. You shall do no customary work.

   YLT  26`And in the day of the first-fruits in your bringing near a new present to Jehovah in your weeks a holy convocation ye have; ye do no servile work;

Also in the day of the firstfruits .... When the firstfruits of the wheat harvest were brought unto the Lord which was the day of Pentecost fifty days from the sheaf of the wave offering being brought:

when ye bring a new meat offering unto the Lord; that is a meat offering made of the new corn which were two wave loaves of two tenth deals of fine flour baked with leaven Leviticus 23:15.

after your weeks be out; the seven weeks from the passover to Pentecost even seven complete sabbaths or weeks Leviticus 23:15.

ye shall have an holy convocation ye shall do no servile work; see Leviticus 23:21.

 

Numbers 28:27   27 You shall present a burnt offering as a sweet aroma to the Lord: two young bulls one ram and seven lambs in their first year

   YLT  27and ye have brought near a burnt-offering for sweet fragrance to Jehovah: two bullocks sons of the herd one ram seven lambs sons of a year

Verses 27-30

But ye shall offer the burnt offering for a sweet savour unto the Lord .... Which was of the same kind and was of the same number of creatures as on the first day of the month and on the seven days of unleavened bread Numbers 28:11 and the meat offering which went along with this was of the same quantity of flour to each creature as in the above mentioned sacrifices; and on this day also was offered a kid of the goats for a sin offering; and there were also peace offerings which are not mentioned here nor is there any mention of any in the whole chapter; see Leviticus 23:19.

 

Numbers 28:28   28 with their grain offering of fine flour mixed with oil: three-tenths of an ephah for each bull two-tenths for the one ram

   YLT  28and their present flour mixed with oil three-tenth deals to the one bullock two-tenth deals to the one ram

 

Numbers 28:29   29 and one-tenth for each of the seven lambs;

   YLT  29a several tenth deal to the one lamb for the seven lambs;

 

Numbers 28:30   30 also one kid of the goats to make atonement for you.

   YLT  30one kid of the goats to make atonement for you;

 

Numbers 28:31   31 Be sure they are without blemish. You shall present them with their drink offerings besides the regular burnt offering with its grain offering.

   YLT  31apart from the continual burnt-offering and its present ye prepare [them] (perfect ones they are for you) and their libations.

And ye shall offer them besides the continual burnt offering and his meat offering .... The daily sacrifice of the morning and evening so often mentioned in this chapter and so frequently inculcated as not to be omitted either in the weekly monthly or anniversary festivals; it being so necessary a sacrifice and so eminent a type of the great sacrifice of the Messiah:

they shall be unto you without blemish and their drink offerings; the flour of which the meat offerings were made was to be pure and clean and free from vermin; and the wine for the drink offering was not to be palled and dead and dreggy: of the former it is said in the MisnahF12Menachot c. 8. sect. 2. "the treasurer puts his hand into it (the flour); if there comes any dust with it 'it is rejected; if it produces worms it is rejected: this the commentators sayF13Maimon. & Bartenora in Misn. Menachot c. 8. sect. 2. is to be understood if the greatest part of it is such; and with respect to the latter Jarchi says our Rabbins learn from hence (this passage of Scripture) that wine in which flour rises (or a dregginess like flour) it is unfit for drink offerings for they should be perfect: this denotes the purity of Christ the bread of life and his spotless and perfect sacrifice when his soul was poured out unto death.

 

──John Gill’s Exposition of the Bible