查經資料大全

 

| Back to Home Page | Back to Book Index |

 

Numbers Chapter Thirty-four

 

Numbers 34 Outlines

The Appointed Boundaries of Canaan (v.1~15)

The Leaders Appointed to Divide the Land (v.16~29)

New King James Version (NKJV)

 

INTRODUCTION TO NUMBERS 34

In this chapter the bounds and borders of the land Canaan are described according to the direction of the Lord to Moses Numbers 34:1 the south border Numbers 34:3 the western border Numbers 34:6 the north border Numbers 34:7 the east border Numbers 34:10 which is ordered to be divided by lot to the nine tribes and a half two tribes and a half having received their inheritance on the other side Jordan Numbers 34:13 and the persons are nominated to divide the land Eleazar and Joshua with one prince out of every tribe and who are mentioned by name Numbers 34:16.

 

Numbers 34:1  Then the Lord spoke to Moses saying

   YLT  1And Jehovah speaketh unto Moses saying

And the Lord spake unto Moses .... At the same time that he ordered him to direct the children of Israel when they had passed over Jordan to drive out the inhabitants of the land of Canaan and divide their land among them he proceeded to give the limits and boundaries of the land:

saying; as follows.

 

Numbers 34:2  2 “Command the children of Israel and say to them: ‘When you come into the land of Canaan this is the land that shall fall to you as an inheritance—the land of Canaan to its boundaries.

   YLT  2`Command the sons of Israel and thou hast said unto them When ye are coming in unto the land of Canaan -- this [is] the land which falleth to you by inheritance the land of Canaan by its borders –

Command the children of Israel and say unto them .... Not to fix the borders and settle the boundaries of the land for that is done by the Lord himself who has determined the times before appointed and the bounds of men's habitations and particularly of Israel see Deuteronomy 32:8 but to observe and take notice of the limits he had fixed that they might know how far they were to go on every side whom they were to drive out and what they were to divide and inherit and see what was their right and preserve it from the encroachments of their neighbours as well as observe the goodness of God unto them in thus providing for them:

when ye come into the land of Canaan; to take possession of it by virtue of a grant of it to them:

this is the land that shall fall unto you for an inheritance; it is said to "fall" because it was divided by lot each tribe having such a part of it assigned to them according to the lot that came up unto them: even

the land of Canaan with the coasts thereof; or according to its borders which are as follow.

 

Numbers 34:3  3 Your southern border shall be from the Wilderness of Zin along the border of Edom; then your southern border shall extend eastward to the end of the Salt Sea;

   YLT  3then hath the south quarter been to you from the wilderness of Zin by the sides of Edom yea the south border hath been to you from the extremity of the Salt Sea eastward;

Then your south quarter .... Or border of the land; which as Jarchi observes was from east to west:

shall be from the wilderness of Zin; which is Kadesh where Miriam died Numbers 20:1 and if this Kadesh was Kadeshbarnea as Dr. Lightfoot seems to have provedF8Works vol. 2. p. 8 9. from whence the spies were sent that was clearly on the south of the land of Canaan for they were bid to go up their way southward Numbers 13:17 and so Kadeshbarnea is hereafter mentioned as being in the southern border: the Targum of Jonathan paraphrases it "from the wilderness of the palm trees of the mountain of iron;'there is a smaller palm tree which by Jewish writers is called Zin of which there were great quantities on a mountain famous for iron mines in this wilderness from whence it is thought it had its name; hence we readF9Misn. Succah. c. 3. sect. 1. of palm trees of the mountain of iron as fit to make the bunch of branches of trees called the "lulab" carried in the hand on the feast of tabernacles:

along by the coast of Edom; the land of Canaan to the south bordered on three countries Egypt Edom and Moab; according to Jarchi some part of Egypt the whole land of Edom and the whole land of Moab; the part of the land of Egypt was in the south west corner of it; the land of Edom by it to the east; and the land of Moab by the land of Edom at the end of the south to the east:

and your south border shall be the outmost coast of the salt sea eastward; the same that is sometimes called the Dead sea the sea of Sodom or the lake Asphaltites as Heathen writers generally call it.

 

Numbers 34:4  4 your border shall turn from the southern side of the Ascent of Akrabbim continue to Zin and be on the south of Kadesh Barnea; then it shall go on to Hazar Addar and continue to Azmon;

   YLT  4and the border hath turned round to you from the south to the ascent of Akrabbim and hath passed on to Zin and its outgoings have been from the south to Kadesh-Barnea and it hath gone out at Hazar-Addar and hath passed on to Azmon;

And your border .... That is the south border which is still describing:

shall turn from the south to the ascent of Akrabbim; or Maalehacrabbim as in Joshua 15:3 so called from the multitude of serpents and scorpions in it see Deuteronomy 8:15 so Kimchi saysF11Sepher Shorash. "in voce" עקרב. a place of serpents and scorpions was this ascent: Dr. ShawF12Travels tom. 2. ch. 1. p. 279. says Akrabbim may probably be the same with the mountains of Accaba according to the present name which hang over Eloth where there is a "high steep road" well known to the Mahometan pilgrims for its ruggedness: and he thinksF13Travels tom. 2. ch. 1. p. 323. it very probable that Mount Hor was the same chain of mountains that are now called Accaba by the Arabs and were the easternmost range as we may take them to be of Ptolemy's black mountains: JosephusF14Antiqu. l. 12. c. 8. sect. 1. see 1 Maccab. 5. 3. speaks of Acrabatene as belonging to the Edomites which seems to be this same place:

and pass on to Zin; that is which ascent goes on to it; the Targum of Jonathan is "and shall pass on to the palm trees of the mountain of iron;'by which is meant the same with the wilderness of Zin: perhaps Zinnah is rather the name of a city; the Septuagint call it Ennac: the Vulgate Latin Senna: JeromF15De loc. Heb. fol. 94. H. makes mention of a place called Senna seven miles from Jericho:

and the going forth thereof shall be from the south to Kadeshbarnea; from whence the spies were sent southward to search the land Numbers 13:17.

and shall go on to Hazaraddar; called Adar Joshua 15:3 and where it seems to be divided into two places Hezron and Adar which very probably were near each other and therefore here put together as if but one place:

and pass on to Azmon; which the Targums call Kesam.

 

Numbers 34:5  5 the border shall turn from Azmon to the Brook of Egypt and it shall end at the Sea.

   YLT  5and the border hath turned round from Azmon to the brook of Egypt and its outgoings have been at the sea.

And the border shall fetch a compass .... Not go on in a straight line but turn about:

from Azmon unto the river of Egypt; the river Nile as both the Targums of Jonathan and Jerusalem; but Aben Ezra seems to deny that that river is meant: and some think that Rhinocolura which flows into the Mediterranean sea is meant; or the "valley of Egypt" Casiotis which divided Judea from Egypt as follows:

and the goings out of it; not of the river but of the border:

shall be at the sea; the above sea called in the next verse the great sea; all the Targums render it to the west.

 

Numbers 34:6  6 ‘As for the western border you shall have the Great Sea for a border; this shall be your western border.

   YLT  6`As to the west border even the great sea hath been to you a border; this is to you the west border.

And as for the western border .... Of the land of Canaan:

you shall even have the great sea for a border; and no other meaning the Mediterranean sea which lies west of the land of Judea; Aben Ezra calls it the Spanish sea: it has the name of "great" in comparison of some in the land of Canaan as the salt sea and the sea of Tiberias:

this shall be your west border; namely the Mediterranean sea.

 

Numbers 34:7  7 ‘And this shall be your northern border: From the Great Sea you shall mark out your border line to Mount Hor;

   YLT  7`And this is to you the north border: from the great sea ye mark out for yourselves mount Hor;

And this shall be your northern border .... What follows:

from the great sea ye shall point out for you Mount Hor; not that Mount Hor on which Aaron died for that was on the southern border of the land; but rather Mount Herman which is said to be unto the entering into Hamath Joshua 13:5 as this Mount Hor is in the following verse; or some part of Mount Lebanon might be so called which was the northern border of the land: the Targum of Jonathan calls it Umanus; and the Jerusalem Targum Manus or Taurus Umanus the Mountain Umanus which divided Syria and Cilicia; it is joined with Lebanon by JosephusF16Antiqu. l. 1. c. 6. sect. 2. and with that and Carmel by AelianusF17De Animal. l. 5. c. 56. .

 

Numbers 34:8  8 from Mount Hor you shall mark out your border to the entrance of Hamath; then the direction of the border shall be toward Zedad;

   YLT  8from mount Hor ye mark out to go in to Hamath and the outgoings of the border have been to Zedad;

From Mount Hor ye shall point out your border unto the entrance of Hamath .... Antiochia as Jarchi; or rather Epiphania as JeromF18Comment. in Ezek. 47. 16. ; the former being described by Hemath the great Amos 6:2 this entrance was a narrow pass leading from the land of Canaan to Syria through the valley which lies between Lebanon and Antilibanus:

and the goings forth of the border shall be to Zedad; the same boundary as here is given in Ezekiel 47:15.

 

Numbers 34:9  9 the border shall proceed to Ziphron and it shall end at Hazar Enan. This shall be your northern border.

   YLT  9and the border hath gone out to Ziphron and its outgoings have been at Hazar-Enan; this is to you the north border.

And the border shall go on to Ziphron .... Which in the Jerusalem Targum is called Zapherin; and JeromF19Comment. in ver. 15. says that in his time this city was called Zephyrium a town in Cilicia; but this seems to be at too great a distance:

and the goings out of it shall be at Hazarenan; which was the utmost of the northern border and so it is in Ezekiel 47:17 and there called the border of Damascus: RelandF20Palestin. lllustrat. par. 1. l. 1. p. 123. takes it to be the same with Enhazor a city in the tribe of Naphtali Joshua 19:37 the words only inverted:

this shall be your northern border: from the Mediterranean sea to Hazarenan in Naphtali.

 

Numbers 34:10  10 ‘You shall mark out your eastern border from Hazar Enan to Shepham;

   YLT  10`And ye have marked out for yourselves for the border eastward from Hazar-Enan to Shepham;

And ye shall point out your east border from Hazarenan to Shepham. From the place where the northern border ended which Jerom saysF21Comment. ut supra. (cf. ver. 15.) the Hebrews call Apamia as both the Targums of Jonathan and Jerusalem do here. Shepham was a city between Hazarenan and Riblah in the tribe of Naphtali where AdrichomiusF23Theatrum Terrae Sanct. p. 114. places it.

 

Numbers 34:11  11 the border shall go down from Shepham to Riblah on the east side of Ain; the border shall go down and reach to the eastern side of the Sea of Chinnereth;

   YLT  11and the border hath gone down from Shepham to Riblah on the east of Ain and the border hath gone down and hath smitten against the shoulder of the sea of Chinnereth eastward;

And the coast shall go down from Shepham to Riblah .... Said to be in the land of Hemath Jeremiah 52:9 which according to JeromF24Comment. ut supra. (cf. ver. 15.) was Antioch of Syria; and both the Targums of Jonathan and Jerusalem understand by it Daphne which was in the suburbs of Antioch; but this seems to be carrying the limits of the land too far: Jarchi remarks that when the border goes from the north towards the south it is said to go down:

on the east side of Ain; a city in the tribe of Judah; according to JeromF25De loc. Heb. fol. 88. F. now a village that goes by the name of Bethennim two miles from the turpentine tree that is from the tent of Abraham or oak of Mamre and four from Hebron:

and the border shall descend and shall reach unto the side of the sea of Chinnereth eastward; the same with the sea of Tiberius and the sea of Gennesaret frequently made mention of in the New Testament and in Ezekiel 47:18 called the east sea.

 

Numbers 34:12  12 the border shall go down along the Jordan and it shall end at the Salt Sea. This shall be your land with its surrounding boundaries.’”

   YLT  12and the border hath gone down to the Jordan and its outgoings have been at the Salt Sea; this is for you the land by its borders round about.'

And the border shall go down to Jordan .... A well known river to the east of the land of Canaan:

and the goings out of it shall be at the salt sea; the sea of Sodom; and though all sea water is generally salt this was remarkably so through the great quantity of bitumen and nitre in it; hence it was called Asphaltites; thus as the description of the borders of the land began with the salt sea Numbers 34:3 it ends with it:

this shall be your land with the coasts thereof round about: which according to the Targum of Jonathan was thus bounded Rekamgea (or Kadeshbarnea) on the south Taurus Urnanus (by which he interprets Mount Hor) on the north the great sea on the west (i.e. the Mediterranean sea) and the salt sea on the east.

 

Numbers 34:13  13 Then Moses commanded the children of Israel saying: “This is the land which you shall inherit by lot which the Lord has commanded to give to the nine tribes and to the half-tribe.

   YLT  13And Moses commandeth the sons of Israel saying `This [is] the land which ye inherit by lot which Jehovah hath commanded to give to the nine tribes and the half of the tribe;

And Moses commanded the children of Israel saying .... Strictly enjoining them to observe what he was about to say to them:

this is the land which ye shall inherit by lot; as above described and bounded:

which the Lord commanded to give unto the nine tribes and to the half tribe; to the tribes of Judah Simeon Benjamin Dan Ephraim Zebulun Issachar Asher and Naphtali and the half tribe of Manasseh; though this command is not before expressed it is very probable it was delivered to Moses at the same time he had the mind of God concerning the settlement of the tribes of Reuben and Gad and the other half tribe of Manasseh on the other side Jordan; see Numbers 32:31.

 

Numbers 34:14  14 For the tribe of the children of Reuben according to the house of their fathers and the tribe of the children of Gad according to the house of their fathers have received their inheritance; and the half-tribe of Manasseh has received its inheritance.

   YLT  14for the tribe of the sons of Reuben have received by the house of their fathers; and the tribe of the children of Gad by the house of their fathers; and the half of the tribe of Manasseh have received their inheritance;

For the tribe of the children of Reuben according to the house of their fathers .... That tribe and all the families belonging to it:

have received their inheritance and half the tribe of Manasseh have received their inheritance; that is it was agreed they should have it on condition of their going along with the other tribes over Jordan into the land of Canaan and assist them in the conquest of it Numbers 32:1.

 

Numbers 34:15  15 The two tribes and the half-tribe have received their inheritance on this side of the Jordan across from Jericho eastward toward the sunrise.”

   YLT  15the two tribes and the half of the tribe have received their inheritance beyond the Jordan [near] Jericho eastward at the [sun]-rising.'

The two tribes and the half tribe .... The tribes of Reuben and Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh:

have received their inheritance on this side Jordan near Jericho eastward toward the sun rising; that is they received the grant of it there even in the plains of Moab opposite Jericho which lay to the east of the land of Canaan.

 

Numbers 34:16  16 And the Lord spoke to Moses saying

   YLT  16And Jehovah speaketh unto Moses saying

And the Lord spake unto Moses .... At the same time that he gave him the bounds of the land of Canaan which was to be divided between the nine tribes and a half; and that this might be done in the most impartial manner and to the satisfaction of them all he gave orders to Moses:

saying; as follows.

 

Numbers 34:17  17 “These are the names of the men who shall divide the land among you as an inheritance: Eleazar the priest and Joshua the son of Nun.

   YLT  17`These [are] the names of the men who give to you the inheritance of the land: Eleazar the priest and Joshua son of Nun

These are the names of the men which shall divide the land unto you .... Or "inherit the land for you"F26ינחלו לכם "haereditabunt vobis" Montanus; "qui haereditario jure accipient pro vobis" Tigurine not. ; that is as Jarchi interprets it they were to take possession of it in their name and stead as their representatives and then distribute it unto them or divide it to be inherited by them; but whatever may be said for the princes of the tribes as acting for their respective tribes and representing them the same cannot be said of the two first named as follow:

Eleazar the priest and Joshua the son of Nun; the one the principal person in ecclesiastical affairs and the other in civil ones; to divide the land being partly a sacred work as it was a type of the heavenly Canaan and a civil one as it concerned the present welfare of the people of Israel; and both were types of Christ the priest upon his throne who is both priest and King; who as the one gives a right unto it and as the other introduces into it.

 

Numbers 34:18  18 And you shall take one leader of every tribe to divide the land for the inheritance.

   YLT  18and one prince -- one prince -- for a tribe ye do take to give the land by inheritance.

And ye shall take one prince out of every tribe .... That is out of the nine tribes and the half which are ten in all; of the tribes of Reuben and Gad none were taken because they had had their inheritance granted them elsewhere; nor of the tribe of Levi because they were to have no inheritance in the land: to divide the land by inheritance; who being men of honour understanding and probity and naturally concerned for the good of the tribes to which they belonged would take care that justice be done to each and that no fraudulent methods were used in drawing the lot; and then take possession according to the lot and impartially divide the portion assigned among the respective families in the tribes according to their rank and numbers.

 

Numbers 34:19  19 These are the names of the men: from the tribe of Judah Caleb the son of Jephunneh;

   YLT  19`And these [are] the names of the men: of the tribe of Judah Caleb son of Jephunneh;

Verses 19-28

And the names of the men are these .... Which were not left to the tribes to choose but were nominated by the Lord himself who best knew their capacities and qualifications for this service:

of the tribe of Judah Caleb the son of Jephunneh: who was one of the two spies that brought a good report of the land and Joshua is the other; and these were the only two of the spies living and who are the first that were appointed to this service of overseeing the division of the land; the rest were all of the new generation that were sprung up whose fathers fell in the wilderness and we know no more of them than their names; and therefore from hence to the end of Numbers 34:28 no further remarks are necessary only that the tribes and the princes are reckoned in a different order than they were at any time before either at the first numbering of them Numbers 1:1 or at the offerings for the dedication of the altar Numbers 7:1 or at the taking the sum of them Numbers 26:1 even according to the order of their situation in the land of Canaan by their lots and which Moses did not live to see; and which therefore shows the prescience and predisposing providence of God and that Moses as Bishop Patrick observes was guided by a divine Spirit in all his writings.

 

Numbers 34:20  20 from the tribe of the children of Simeon Shemuel the son of Ammihud;

   YLT  20and of the tribe of the sons of Simeon Shemuel son of Aminihud;

 

Numbers 34:21  21 from the tribe of Benjamin Elidad the son of Chislon;

   YLT  21of the tribe of Benjamin Elidad son of Chislon;

 

Numbers 34:22  22 a leader from the tribe of the children of Dan Bukki the son of Jogli;

   YLT  22and of the tribe of the sons of Dan the prince Bukki son of Jogli;

 

Numbers 34:23  23 from the sons of Joseph: a leader from the tribe of the children of Manasseh Hanniel the son of Ephod

   YLT  23of the sons of Joseph of the tribe of the sons of Manasseh the prince Hanniel son of Ephod;

 

Numbers 34:24  24 and a leader from the tribe of the children of Ephraim Kemuel the son of Shiphtan;

   YLT  24and of the tribe of the sons of Ephraim the prince Kemuel son of Shiphtan;

 

Numbers 34:25  25 a leader from the tribe of the children of Zebulun Elizaphan the son of Parnach;

   YLT  25and of the tribe of the sons of Zebulun the prince Elizaphan son of Parnach;

 

Numbers 34:26  26 a leader from the tribe of the children of Issachar Paltiel the son of Azzan;

   YLT  26and of the tribe of the sons of Issachar the prince Paltiel son of Azzan;

 

Numbers 34:27  27 a leader from the tribe of the children of Asher Ahihud the son of Shelomi;

   YLT  27and of the tribe of the sons of Asher the prince Ahihud son of Shelomi;

 

Numbers 34:28  28 and a leader from the tribe of the children of Naphtali Pedahel the son of Ammihud.”

   YLT  28and of the tribe of the sons of Naphtali the prince Pedahel son of Ammihud.'

 

Numbers 34:29  29 These are the ones the Lord commanded to divide the inheritance among the children of Israel in the land of Canaan.

   YLT  29These [are] those whom Jehovah hath commanded to give the sons of Israel inheritance in the land of Canaan.

These are they whom the Lord commanded .... Not only named and appointed them but laid his commands upon them and obliged them:

to divide the inheritance unto the children of Israel; even this order was made before the land was conquered by them so sure and certain was it unto them; and accordingly they did divide it and that in Shiloh before the Lord at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation as in the presence of God doing it in the most impartial and solemn manner; see Joshua 19:51.

 

──John Gill’s Exposition of the Bible