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Deuteronomy Chapter Thirteen                           

 

Deuteronomy 13

Chapter Contents

Enticers to idolatry to be put to death. (1-5) Relations who entice to idolatry not to be spared. (6-11) Idolatrous cities not to be spared. (12-18)

Commentary on Deuteronomy 13:1-5

(Read Deuteronomy 13:1-5)

Moses had cautioned against the peril that might arise from the Canaanites. Here he cautions against the rise of idolatry among themselves. It is needful for us to be well acquainted with the truths and precepts of the Bible; for we may expect to be proved by temptations of evil under the appearance of good of error in the guise of truth; nor can any thing rightly oppose such temptations but the plain express testimony of God's word to the contrary. And it would be a proof of sincere affection for God that notwithstanding specious pretences they should not be wrought upon the forsake God and follow other gods to serve them.

Commentary on Deuteronomy 13:6-11

(Read Deuteronomy 13:6-11)

It is the policy of Satan to try to lead us to evil by those whom we love whom we least suspect of any ill design and whom we are desirous to please and apt to conform to. The enticement here is supposed to come from a brother or child who are near by nature; from a wife or friend who are near by choice and are to us as our souls. But it is our duty to prefer God and religion before the nearest and dearest friends we have in the world. We must not to please our friends break God's law. Thou shalt not consent to him nor go with him not for company or curiosity not to gain his affections. It is a general rule If sinners entice thee consent thou not Proverbs 1:10. And we must not hinder the course of God's justice.

Commentary on Deuteronomy 13:12-18

(Read Deuteronomy 13:12-18)

Here is the case of a city revolting from the God of Israel and serving other gods. The crime is supposed to be committed by one of the cities of Israel. Even when they were ordered to preserve their religion by force yet they were not allowed to bring others to it by fire and sword. Spiritual judgments under the Christian dispensation are more terrible than the execution of criminals; we have not less cause than the Israelites had to fear the Divine wrath. Let us then fear the spiritual idolatry of covetousness and the love of worldly pleasure; and be careful not to countenance them in our families by our example or by the education of our children. May the Lord write his law and truth in our hearts there set up his throne and shed abroad his love!

── Matthew HenryConcise Commentary on Deuteronomy

 

Deuteronomy 13

Verse 1

[1] If there arise among you a prophet or a dreamer of dreams and giveth thee a sign or a wonder

A dreamer of dreams — One that pretends God hath revealed himself to him by visions or dreams.

Giveth a sign or wonder — That is shall foretell some strange and wonderful thing.

Verse 3

[3] Thou shalt not hearken unto the words of that prophet or that dreamer of dreams: for the LORD your God proveth you to know whether ye love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul.

Thou shalt not hearken to that prophet — Not receive his doctrine though the sign come to pass. For although when such a sign or wonder foretold did not follow or come to pass it was a sign of a false prophet yet when it did come to pass it was no sufficient sign of a true one especially in such a case. There are many things which may be wrought by evil spirits God so permitting it for wise and just reasons not only for the trial of the good but also for the punishment of ungodly men.

Proveth you — That is trieth your faith and love and obedience.

To know — Namely judicially or in a publick manner so as both you and others may know and see it that so the justice of his judgments upon you may be more evident and glorious.

Verse 5

[5] And that prophet or that dreamer of dreams shall be put to death; because he hath spoken to turn you away from the LORD your God which brought you out of the land of Egypt and redeemed you out of the house of bondage to thrust thee out of the way which the LORD thy God commanded thee to walk in. So shalt thou put the evil away from the midst of thee.

To thrust — This phrase notes the great force and power of seducers to corrupt men's minds.

So shalt thou put the evil away — Thou shalt remove the guilt by removing the guilty.

Verse 6

[6] If thy brother the son of thy mother or thy son or thy daughter or the wife of thy bosom or thy friend which is as thine own soul entice thee secretly saying Let us go and serve other gods which thou hast not known thou nor thy fathers;

The son of thy mother — This is added to restrain the signification of the word brother which is often used generally for one near a-kin and to express the nearness of the relation the mother's side being usually the ground of the most fervent affection.

Thy daughter — Thy piety must overcome both thy affection and thy compassion to the weaker sex. The father and mother are here omitted because they are sufficiently contained in the former examples.

Verse 8

[8] Thou shalt not consent unto him nor hearken unto him; neither shall thine eye pity him neither shalt thou spare neither shalt thou conceal him:

Conceal him — That is smother his fault hide or protect his person but shalt accuse him to the magistrate and demand justice upon him.

Verse 9

[9] But thou shalt surely kill him; thine hand shall be first upon him to put him to death and afterwards the hand of all the people.

Thou shalt kill him — Not privately which pretence would have opened the door to innumerable murders but by procuring his death by the sentence of the magistrate. Thou shalt cast the first stone at him as the witness was to do.

Verse 13

[13] Certain men the children of Belial are gone out from among you and have withdrawn the inhabitants of their city saying Let us go and serve other gods which ye have not known;

Children of Belial — It signifies properly persons without yoke vile and wretched miscreants lawless and rebellious that will suffer no restraint that neither fear God nor reverence man.

From among you — That is from your church and religion. It notes a separation from them not in place (as appears by their partnership with their fellow citizens both in the sin and punishment) but in heart doctrine and worship.

Verse 14

[14] Then shalt thou enquire and make search and ask diligently; and behold if it be truth and the thing certain that such abomination is wrought among you;

Enquire — This is meant of the magistrate to whose office this properly belongs and of whom he continues to speak in the same manner thou Deuteronomy 13:15 16. The Jewish writers say the defection of a city is to be tried by the great sanhedrim. If it appear that they are thrust away to idolatry they send two learned men to admonish them. If they repent all is well: is not all Israel must go up and execute this sentence. Tho' we do not find this law put in execution in all the history of the Jewish church yet for neglecting the execution of it on inferior cities God himself by the army of the Chaldeans executed it on Jerusalem the head city which was utterly destroyed and lay in ruins for seventy years.

Verse 15

[15] Thou shalt surely smite the inhabitants of that city with the edge of the sword destroying it utterly and all that is therein and the cattle thereof with the edge of the sword.

The inhabitants — Namely all that are guilty not the innocent part such as disowned this apostacy who doubtless by choice at least upon warning would come out of so wicked a place.

Utterly — The very same punishment which was inflicted upon the cities of the cursed Canaanites to whom having made themselves equal in sin it is but just God should equal them in punishment.

Verse 16

[16] And thou shalt gather all the spoil of it into the midst of the street thereof and shalt burn with fire the city and all the spoil thereof every whit for the LORD thy God: and it shall be an heap for ever; it shall not be built again.

For the Lord — For the satisfaction of God's justice the maintainance of his honour and authority and the pacification of his offended majesty.

It shall not be built — It shall be an eternal monument of God's justice and terror to after ages.

Verse 17

[17] And there shall cleave nought of the cursed thing to thine hand: that the LORD may turn from the fierceness of his anger and shew thee mercy and have compassion upon thee and multiply thee as he hath sworn unto thy fathers;

Multiply thee — So thou shalt have no loss of thy numbers by cutting off so many people.

── John WesleyExplanatory Notes on Deuteronomy

 

13 Chapter 13

 

Verses 1-3

Deuteronomy 13:1-3

Ye are the children of the Lord your God.

Israel’s relationship to God

Moses here tells Israel--

I. How God had dignified them as a peculiar people with three distinguishable privileges which were their honour and figures of those spiritual blessings in heavenly things with which God has in Christ blessed us.

1. Here is election. “The Lord hath chosen thee” (Deuteronomy 14:2); not for their own merits or for any good works foreseen but because He would magnify the riches of His power and grace among them. And thus were believers chosen (Ephesians 1:4).

2. Here is adoption. “Ye are the children of the Lord your God” (Deuteronomy 14:1); formed by Him into a people owned by Him as His people nay His family a people near unto Him nearer than any other. Every “Israelite indeed” is a child of God; partaker of His nature and favour His love and blessing.

3. Here is sanctification. “Thou art an holy people” (Deuteronomy 14:2); separated and set apart for God devoted to His service designed for His praise governed by a holy law graced by a holy tabernacle and the holy ordinances relating to it.

II. How they ought to distinguish themselves by a sober singularity from all the nations that were about them.

1. In their mourning. “Ye shall not cut yourselves” (Deuteronomy 14:1).

2. In their meat. Their observance of this law would make them to be taken notice of in all mixed companies as a separate people and preserve them from mingling themselves with their idolatrous neighbours.


Verse 4

Deuteronomy 13:4

Ye shall walk after the Lord your God.

With before after

(with Genesis 5:22; Genesis 17:1):--You see that these three fragments in their resemblances and in their differences are equally significant. They concur in regarding life as a walk--a metaphor which expresses continuity so that every man’s life is a whole which expresses progress and which implies a goal. They agree in saying that God must be brought into a life somehow and in some aspect if that life is to be anything else but an aimless wandering if it is to tend to the point to which every human life should attain. But then they diverge and if we put them together they say to us that there are three different ways in which we ought to bring God into our life. We should “walk with” Him like Enoch; we should “walk before” Him as Abraham was bade to do; and we should “walk after” Him as the command to do was given to all Israel.

I. “Enoch walked with God.” Two men travelling along a road keep each other company. “How can two walk together except they be agreed?” The Companion is at our side all the same though the mists may have come down and we cannot see Him. Enoch and God walked together by the simple exercise of the faith that fills the Invisible with one great loving face. The one thing that parts a man from God and makes it impossible for a heart to expatiate in the thought of His presence is the contrariety to His will in our conduct.

II. And now take the other aspect suggested by the other little word God spoke to Abraham: “I am the Almighty God walk before Me and be thou perfect.” That suggests as I suppose I do not need to point out the idea not only of communion which the former phrase brought to our minds but that of the inspection of our conduct. As ever in the great Taskmaster’s eye says the stern Puritan poet and although one may object to that word “Taskmaster ” yet the idea conveyed is the correct expansion of the commandment given to Abraham. Observe how “walk with me” is dovetailed as it were between the revelation “I am the Almighty God” and the injunction “be thou perfect.” This thought that we are in that Divine Presence and that there is silently but most really a Divine opinion being formed of us consolidated as it were moment by moment through our lives is only tolerable if we have been walking with God. We must first walk “with God” before the consciousness that we are walking “before” Him becomes one that we can entertain and not go mad. When we are sure of the “with” we can bear the “before.” A master’s eye maketh diligent servants. “Walk before Me” and you will be perfect. “If you will walk before Me you will be perfect.”

III. Lastly take the other relation which is suggested by the third of my texts where Israel as a whole is commanded to “walk after the Lord” their God. In harmony with the very frequent expression of the Old Testament about “going after idols ” so Israel here is to “go after God.” What does that mean? Communion the consciousness of being judged by God will lead on to aspiration and loving longing effort to get nearer and nearer to Him. “My soul followeth hard after Thee ” said the Psalmist “Thy right hand upholdeth me.” That element of yearning aspiration of eager desire to be closer and closer and liker and liker to God must be in all true religion. And I need not do more than remind you of another meaning involved in this same expression. If I walk after God then I let Him go before me and show me my road. Do you remember how when the ark was to cross Jordan the commandment was given to the Israelites to let it go well on in front so that there could be no mistake about the course “for ye have not passed this way heretofore.” Do not be in too great a hurry to press upon the heels of God if I may so say. Do not let your decisions outrun His providence. Keep back the impatience that would hurry on and wait for His ripening purposes to ripen and His counsels to develop themselves. Walk after God and be sure you do not go in front of your Guide or you will lose both your way and your Guide. I need not say more than a word about the highest aspect which this third of our commandments takes: “His sheep follow Him “leaving us an example that we should follow in His steps.” (A. Maclaren D. D.)

The ladder of attainment

From these words we gather that many expressions were needed to describe the true disposition and attitude of the mind of Israel toward God. Each expression denotes something different and each seems to make a progressive advance.

I. Ye shall walk after the Lord your God. This means follow Him i.e. go whither He would have you go. We must follow as the sheep follows the shepherd. But again we are not simply like sheep. When Israel came out of Egypt the trumpets were blown and all followed in order behind them. This is of the first importance that men should joyfully obey the cry. Follow Him--follow after Jesus!

II. Fear him. Those who resolve to follow Him must so do it that they shall honour Him and remember that He has power to withstand those who oppose Him. God’s people must be filled with a sense of His greatness majesty and righteousness as revealed in the Redeemer. Without the sense of this we lose the attitude of mind in which we can best honour Him. Those who seek to follow Him without this fear are likely in time to become rebels in His kingdom.

III. Ye shall keep His commandments. God has given commands “Thou shalt”; “Thou shalt not.” The fear of God impels to the keeping of these. Not a cringing dread is this fear. This would make the keeping of the commandments merely a secondary matter. God must be so feared that what He has commanded shall be our delight to perform.

IV. Ye shall obey his voice. Even when His way seems enigmatic and also when He gives special intimations of His will besides the commands laid down just as He led Israel by ways they knew not etc. On the way of life we must ever be on our guard so that we may find the right way so much the more as snares are laid in our way by the adversary--from which we cannot deliver ourselves but which we shall be able to avoid if we listen to the voice of the Spirit who teaches us to be circumspect and points out the way to us.

V. Ye shall serve Him i.e. we must not be autocrats but servants of God only. Thus we learn to please Him in self-denial and in a jealous care for His glory. Then too we shall gladly be found where the honour due to Him is offered with prayer and adoration.

VI. Ye shall cleave unto him i.e. ye shall seek His presence with burning desires and with deepest love and warmth of heart and spirit. When we have reached thus far that we cleave to Him and Then grow up in Him as the branch in the vine stem great shall be our gain I may it be said of us “Where I am there shall also My servant be!” (J. C. Blumhardt.)


Verses 6-11

Deuteronomy 13:6-11

If thy brother . . . entice thee.

Temptation to idolatry from kindred

I. It is the policy of the tempter to send his solicitations by the hand of those we love whom we least suspect of any ill design upon us and whom we are desirous to please and apt to conform ourselves to. Satan tempted Adam by Eve and Christ by Peter. We are therefore concerned to stand upon our guard against an ill proposal when the person that proposeth it can pretend to an interest in us that we may never sin against God in compliment to the best friend we have in the world.

2. The temptation is supposed to be private: he will “entice thee secretly”; implying that idolatry is a work of darkness which dreads the light and covets to be concealed; and which the sinner promiseth himself and the tempter promiseth him secrecy and security in.

II. It is our duty to prefer god and religion before the best friends we have in the world.

1. We must not in compliance to our friends break God’s law (Deuteronomy 13:8).

2. We must not in compassion to our friends obstruct the course of God’s justice (Deuteronomy 13:9). Those are certainly our worst enemies that would thrust us from God our best friend; and whatever draws us to sin separates between us and God; it is a design upon our life and to be resented accordingly. (Matthew Henry D. D.)


Verse 17

Deuteronomy 13:17

There shall cleave nought of the cursed thing.

Destroy the cursed thing

Israel must conquer idolatrous cities and destroy all the spoil regarding all that had been polluted by idolatry as an accursed thing to be burned with fire. Now sin of all sorts must be treated by Christians in the same manner. We must not allow a single evil habit to remain. It is now war to the knife with sins of all sorts and sizes whether of the body the mind or the spirit. We do not look upon this giving up of evil as deserving mercy but we regard it as a fruit of the grace of God which we would on no account miss. When God causes us to have no mercy on our sins then He has great mercy on us. When we are angry with evil God is no more angry with us. When we multiply our efforts against iniquity the Lord multiplies our blessings. (C. H. Spurgeon.)

──The Biblical Illustrator