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Joshua Chapter
Twelve
New King James Version (NKJV)
INTRODUCTION TO JOSHUA 12
This
chapter gives a short account of the conquests made by the Israelites
both in
the times of Moses and of Joshua
and first of the kingdom of Sihon and Og on
the other side Jordan
in the times of Moses
and which he gave to the two
tribes of Reuben and Gad
and the half tribe of Manasseh
and which are
particularly described
Joshua 12:1; and
then of the kings and the countries on this side Jordan whom Joshua conquered
Joshua 12:7; and
the names of the thirty one kingdoms are recited
that so it might be exactly known
and observed what were afterwards divided among the tribes and possessed by
them
Joshua 12:9.
Joshua 12:1 These
are the kings of the land whom the children of Israel defeated
and
whose land they possessed on the other side of the Jordan toward the rising of
the sun
from the River Arnon to Mount Hermon
and all the eastern Jordan
plain:
YLT
1And these [are] kings of
the land whom the sons of Israel have smitten
and possess their land
beyond
the Jordan
at the sun-rising
from the brook Arnon unto mount Hermon
and all
the plain eastward.
Now these are the kings of the land which the children of
Israel smote
.... In the days of Moses
as Jarchi remarks
and as it clearly
appears from what follows:
and possessed
their land on the other side Jordan toward the
rising of the sun; on the east of the land of Canaan:
from the river Arnon unto the mount Hermon
and all the plain on
the east; Arnon was the border of Moab between them and the Amorites
Numbers 21:13; and
from hence to Hermon
a mountain adjoining to Lebanon
lay the country of the
two kings of the Amorites after mentioned
Deuteronomy 3:8;
and the plain on the east were the plains of Moab
which lay to the east of
Jordan.
Joshua 12:2 2 One king was
Sihon king of the Amorites
who dwelt in Heshbon and ruled half of
Gilead
from Aroer
which is on the bank of the River Arnon
from the middle of
that river
even as far as the River Jabbok
which is the border of the
Ammonites
YLT
2Sihon
king of the Amorite
who is dwelling in Heshbon
ruling from Aroer which [is] on the border of the
brook Arnon
and the middle of the brook
and half of Gilead
and unto Jabok
the brook
the border of the Bene-Ammon;
Sihon king of the Amorites
who dwelt in Heshbon
.... Which he
took from the Moabites
and made his capital city
Numbers 21:26
and ruled from Aroer
which is
upon the bank of the river of Arnon; a city of Moab
which
never fell into the hands of Sihon
and therefore he is said to rule from it
but not over it:
and from the middle of the river; that is
the river
Arnon
which being the boundary of the Moabites and Amorites
the king of the
Amorites might be said to rule from the middle of it:
and from half Gilead even unto the river Jabbok
which is
the border of the children of Ammon; so it is said to be
Deuteronomy 3:16;
it should be rendered
not "from half Gilead"
but "and half
Gilead"
as it is in the Hebrew text
and so in the Targum; for half
Gilead belonged to the kingdom of Sihon
as the other half did to the kingdom
of Og
as in Joshua 12:5; and so
Jarchi remarks.
Joshua 12:3 3 and the eastern Jordan
plain from the Sea of Chinneroth as far as the Sea of the Arabah (the Salt
Sea)
the road to Beth Jeshimoth
and southward below the slopes of Pisgah.
YLT
3And the plain unto the sea
of Chinneroth eastward
and unto the sea of the plain (the salt sea) eastward
the way to Beth-Jeshimoth
and from the south under the springs of Pisgah.
And from the plain
.... Or rather
"and the plain"
the plains of Moab
which
before possessed by the Israelites
belonged to the
kingdom of Sihon; and the plains of Jordan
which reached
to the sea of Cinneroth on the east; the same with the lake
of Gennesaret
and sea of Tiberias
mentioned in the New Testament
Matthew 14:34
and unto the sea of the plain; where stood the cities
of the plain
Sodom
Gomorrah
&c.
even the salt sea on
the east; the same with the dead sea
into which the plain the above
cities stood on was converted:
the way to Bethjeshimoth; which was a place in the
plains of Moab
Numbers 33:49
and from the south under Ashdothpisgah; or the
springs of Pisgah
which flowed from the mount of that name
Deuteronomy 3:17.
Joshua 12:4 4 The other king was
Og king of Bashan and his territory
who was of the remnant of the
giants
who dwelt at Ashtaroth and at Edrei
YLT
4And the border of Og king
of Bashan (of the remnant of the Rephaim)
who is dwelling in Ashtaroth and in Edrei
And the coast of Og king of Bashan
.... The country that he
reigned over
who was another king of the Amorites
smitten by Israel in the
times of Moses:
which was of the remnant
of the giants; See Gill on Deuteronomy 3:11
that dwelt at Ashtaroth and at Edrei; of which two
places see Deuteronomy 1:4; it
seems as if Og had a palace in each of those cities
and sometimes was at one
and sometimes at another
as is usual with kings.
Joshua 12:5 5 and reigned over Mount
Hermon
over Salcah
over all Bashan
as far as the border of the Geshurites
and the Maachathites
and over half of Gilead to the border of Sihon
king of Heshbon.
YLT
5and ruling in mount Hermon
and in Salcah
and in all Bashan
unto the border of the Geshurite
and the
Maachathite
and the half of Gilead
the border of Sihon king of Heshbon.
And reigned in Mount Hermon
.... That is
over all
the people that inhabited that mount or dwelt under it
Joshua 11:17
and
adjacent to it
of which mountain; see Gill on Deuteronomy 3:8 and
See Gill on Deuteronomy 3:9
and in Salcah: which was a city belonging to the kingdom
of Og
Deuteronomy 3:10
and in all Bashan; or Batanea
a country famous for pasturage
Micah 7:14
and for
fat cattle
Ezekiel 39:18
and
for oaks
Isaiah 2:13
frequently mentioned in Scripture:
unto the border of the Geshurites
and the Maachathites; which were
two nations the Israelites never expelled
Joshua 13:13; of
which see Deuteronomy 3:14
and half Gilead; which belonged to Og
as the other half did
to Sihon
before observed
which was as follows:
the border of Sihon king of Heshbon; here the two kingdoms
joined
even in the midst of Gilead
which was divided between them
but now
wholly fell into the hands of Israel.
Joshua 12:6 6 These Moses the servant of
the Lord
and the children of Israel had conquered; and Moses the servant of the Lord had given it as
a possession to the Reubenites
the Gadites
and half the tribe of Manasseh.
YLT
6Moses
servant of Jehovah
and the sons of Israel have smitten them
and Moses
servant of Jehovah
giveth
it -- a possession to the Reubenite
and to the Gadite
and to the half of the
tribe of Manasseh.
Them did Moses the servant of the Lord
and the children of
Israel
smite
.... That is
the inhabitants of those kingdoms they smote with
the edge of the sword
and took possession of them
the history of which see in
Numbers 21:1
and Moses the servant of the Lord gave it; the whole
dominion of the two kings before mentioned:
for a possession unto the
Reubenites
and the Gadites
and the half tribe of Manasseh: of which
grant
and the conditions of it
see Numbers 32:1.
Joshua 12:7 7 And these are the
kings of the country which Joshua and the children of Israel conquered on this
side of the Jordan
on the west
from Baal Gad in the Valley of Lebanon as far
as Mount Halak and the ascent to Seir
which Joshua gave to the tribes of
Israel as a possession according to their divisions
YLT
7And these [are] kings of
the land whom Joshua and the sons of Israel have smitten beyond the Jordan
westward
from Baal-Gad
in the valley of Lebanon
and unto the mount of Halak
which is going up to Seir; and Joshua giveth it to the tribes of Israel -- a
possession according to their divisions;
And these are the kings of the country
.... After
particularly named
Joshua 12:9
which Joshua and the children of Israel smote on this side Jordan
on the west; that is
on the west of Jordan:
from Baalgad
in the valley of Lebanon
even unto the mount Halak
that goeth up to Seir; of which see Joshua 11:17
which Joshua gave unto the tribes of Israel for a
possession
according to their divisions; as after related in this
book.
Joshua 12:8 8 in the mountain country
in the lowlands
in the Jordan plain
in the slopes
in the wilderness
and in the South—the Hittites
the Amorites
the Canaanites
the Perizzites
the Hivites
and the Jebusites:
YLT
8in the hill-country
and in
the low country
and in the plain
and in the springs
and in the wilderness
and in the south; the Hittite
the Amorite
and the Canaanite
the Perizzite
the Hivite
and the Jebusite:
In the mountains
and in the valleys
and in the plains
and in
the springs
and in the wilderness
and in the south country
.... Which is
a description of the whole land of Canaan; some parts of which were hills and
mountains
others vales and champaign fields; others were dry and barren
and
others well watered; some part of it lay to the north
as towards Lebanon
and
others to the south
towards Seir:
the Hittites
the Amorites
and the Canaanites
the Perizzites
the Hivites
and the Jebusites; which were the nations that inhabited the
land of Canaan before it was taken and possessed by the Israelites.
Joshua 12:9 9 the king of Jericho
one;
the king of Ai
which is beside Bethel
one;
YLT
9The king of Jericho
one;
The king of Ai
which [is] beside Bethel
one;
The king of Jericho
one
.... Who was first taken
and so named first
Joshua 6:21
the king of Ai
which is beside Bethel
one; who was next
taken and though Bethel was so near Ai
it had a king of its own
after
mentioned
see Joshua 7:1.
Joshua 12:10 10 the king of Jerusalem
one; the king of Hebron
one;
YLT
10The king of Jerusalem
one;
The king of Hebron
one;
The king of Jerusalem
one
.... Whose name was
Adonizedek
and was one of the five kings taken and hanged
Joshua 10:1
the king of Hebron
one; another of the five
kings
whose name was Hoham
Joshua 10:3.
Joshua 12:11 11 the king of Jarmuth
one;
the king of Lachish
one;
YLT
11The king of Jarmuth
one;
The king of Lachish
one;
The king of Jarmuth
one
.... Whose name was
Piram
a third of the five kings before observed
Joshua 10:3
the king of Lachish
one; another of them
whose
name was Japhia
Joshua 10:3.
Joshua 12:12 12 the king of Eglon
one;
the king of Gezer
one;
YLT
12The king of Eglon
one; The
king of Gezer
one;
The king of Eglon
one
.... The last of the five
kings
and his name was Debir
Joshua 10:3
the king of Gezer
one; who came up to help
Lachish
and his name was Horam
Joshua 10:33.
Joshua 12:13 13 the king of Debir
one;
the king of Geder
one;
YLT
13The king of Debir
one; The
king of Geder
one;
The king of Debir
one
.... The same with
Kirjathsepher
of which place; see Gill on Joshua 10:38
the king of Geder
one: JeromF8De
loc. Heb. fol. 92. A. B. seems to confound this with the tower of Eder
beyond
which Jacob pitched his tent
Genesis 35:21; and
he speaks of a Gaddera in the tribe of Judah
in his time a village belonging
to the country about Aelia or Jerusalem
and of Gahedur in the tribe of Judah
a large village
ten miles from Diospolis or Lydda
as you go to
Eleutheropolis: it seems to be the same with Gederah
Joshua 15:36
or
Gedor
Joshua 15:58.
Joshua 12:14 14 the king of Hormah
one;
the king of Arad
one;
YLT
14The king of Hormah
one;
The king of Arad
one;
The king of Hormah
one
.... Which was formerly
called Zephath
Judges 1:17; see Joshua 15:3
the king of Arad
one; perhaps the same with
Arath
which
JeromF9De Loc. Heb. fol. 92. L. says
is the border of
the land of Judah
and is twenty miles distant from Hebron to the south; see Numbers 21:1.
Joshua 12:15 15 the king of Libnah
one;
the king of Adullam
one;
YLT
15The king of Libnah
one;
The king of Adullam
one;
The king of Libnah
one
.... Taken at the same
time as the kings of Makkedah
Debir
and of other places were
Joshua 10:29
the king of Adullam
one; a city in the tribe of
Judah
Joshua 15:35; Jerom
saysF11De loc. Heb. fol. 88. F. there was a village in his time
not
a small one
called by this name
ten miles to the east of Eleutheropolis: near
to this place was a cave where David hid himself when he fled from Saul
1 Samuel 22:1; See
Gill on Micah 1:15.
Joshua 12:16 16 the king of Makkedah
one;
the king of Bethel
one;
YLT
16The king of Mekkedah
one;
The king of Beth-El
one;
The king of Makkedah
one
.... In a cave near to
which five kings hid themselves
and were taken out and hanged
and the city
afterwards was taken by Joshua
Joshua 10:16; which
fell to the lot of the tribe of Judah
Joshua 15:41
the king of Bethel
one; a city near to Ai
about
a mile from it
and yet had a king over it: it was taken at the same time that
Ai was
Joshua 7:2; and
fell to the lot of Benjamin
Joshua 18:22.
Joshua 12:17 17 the king of Tappuah
one;
the king of Hepher
one;
YLT
17The king of Tappuah
one;
The king of Hepher
one;
The king of Tappuah
one
.... Which Jerom callsF12De
loc. Heb. fol. 95. C. Thaffu; it signifies an apple
and perhaps had its name
from plenty of that fruit that grew there: a city of this name fell to the
tribe of Judah
Joshua 15:34; where
also was another place called Bethtappuah
Joshua 15:53; and
both different from another Tappuah on the border of Manasseh
which belonged
to the tribe of Ephraim
Joshua 17:8; by
some thought to be meant here:
the king of Hepher
one; mention is made of
Gittahhepher as on the border of Zebulun
Joshua 19:13; the
same with Gathhepher
of which place was the Prophet Jonah
2 Kings 14:25; and
of the land of Hepher in 1 Kings 4:10; which
is said by Jerom to be in the same tribe
and not far from Diocaesarea or
Zippore; and we read of a Chepher or Hepher in the Jewish writingsF13T.
Hieros. Sheviith
fol. 37. 3. Vajikra Rabba
sect. 20. fol. 161. 4.
which
according to the account of it there given
could not be far from the same
place
at least it must be less than twelve miles from it.
Joshua 12:18 18 the king of Aphek
one;
the king of Lasharon
one;
YLT
18The king of Aphek
one; The
king of Lasharon
one;
The king of Aphek
one
.... There was a place
called Aphekah in the tribe of Judah
Joshua 15:53; and
an Aphek that was on the border of the Amorites
Joshua 13:4; and
another in the tribe of Asher
Joshua 19:30; but
AdrichomiusF14Theatrum Terrae Sanct. p. 35. places this Aphek in the
tribe of Issachar
whose king Joshua smote
and takes it to be the same place
where the Philistines in the times of Samuel and David brought their armies
against Israel
1 Samuel 4:1; and
where the king of Syria fought against Israel
1 Kings 20:26; and
says that its ruins were now shown in the great plain not far from Gilboa to
the east of Mount Carmel
and five miles from Tabor:
the king of Lasharon
one; which
according to the
Vulgate Latin version
is the same with Saron
which
in Acts 9:35
in some
copies is called Assaron; so AdrichomiusF15Ib. p. 30.
who places
it in the tribe of Ephraim
and takes it to be the same Sharon Isaiah speaks
of
Isaiah 33:9; and of
which Jerom saysF16De loc. Heb. fol. 94. M.
to this day there is a
country between Tabor and the lake of Tiberias called Saronas
and also that
from Caesarea of Palestine to the town of Joppa
all the land that is seen
bears that name.
Joshua 12:19 19 the king of Madon
one;
the king of Hazor
one;
YLT
19The king of Madon
one; The
king of Hazor
one;
The king of Madon
one
.... Whose name was
Jobab
Joshua 11:1
the king of Hazor
one; whose name was Jabin
and of him and his city; see Gill on Joshua 11:1.
Joshua 12:20 20 the king of Shimron Meron
one; the king of Achshaph
one;
YLT
20The king of Shimron-Meron
one; The king of Achshaph
one;
The king of Shimronmeron
one
.... See Joshua 11:1
this
place fell to the tribe of Zebulun
Joshua 19:15
the king of Achshaph
one; see Joshua 11:1; this
city fell to the lot of Asher
Joshua 19:25.
Joshua 12:21 21 the king of Taanach
one;
the king of Megiddo
one;
YLT
21The king of Taanach
one;
The king of Megiddo
one;
The king of Taanach
one
.... It was in the tribe
of Manasseh
Joshua 17:11; Jerom
saysF17De Loc. Heb. fol. 95. D.
in his time it was a large
village
distant from Legion on the plain of Esdraelon three miles:
the king of Megiddo
one; which belonged to the
same tribe
Joshua 17:11; near
this place were some waters where the Canaanites fought with the Israelites
Judges 5:19; and a
valley where Josiah was slain
2 Chronicles 35:22.
Joshua 12:22 22 the king of Kedesh
one;
the king of Jokneam in Carmel
one;
YLT
22The king of Kedesh
one;
The king of Jokneam of Carmel
one;
The king of Kedesh
one
.... Which afterwards
fell to the tribe of Naphtali
and was one of the cities of refuge
Joshua 19:37; it
was situated in upper Galilee on Mount Naphtali
four miles from the city of
Sephet
and as many from Capernaum
and twenty miles from TyreF18Adrichom.
Theatrum
p. 104. :
the king of Jokneam of Carmel
one; a city that came to the
lot of the tribe of Zebulun
Joshua 19:11; and
was given to the Levites
Joshua 21:34; it
was not far from Mount Carmel
from whence it is described.
Joshua 12:23 23 the king of Dor in the
heights of Dor
one; the king of the people of Gilgal
one;
YLT
23The king of Dor
at the
elevation of Dor
one; The king of the Goyim of Gilgal
one;
The king of Dor
in the coast of Dor
one
.... Of which
see Joshua 11:2; it
fell to the lot of Manasseh
but never was possessed by them
as were not
Taanach and Megiddo
before mentioned
Joshua 17:11 Judges 1:27
the king of the nations of Gilgal
one; not the place
where Joshua encamped after he had passed Jordan
for that was then no city;
the Septuagint version renders it the land of Galilee; and Dr. LightfootF19Chorograph.
Cent. c. 88. is of opinion that Galilee is meant
and in the
Apocrypha:"Who went forth by the way that leadeth to Galgala
and pitched
their tents before Masaloth
which is in Arbela
and after they had won it
they slew much people.' (1 Maccabees 9:2)Galgala is
spoken of as near to Arbel
a city in Galilee: JeromF20De loc. Heb.
fol. 92. B. takes this to be the same with Glagulis
which in his time was a
village six miles from Antipatris to the north.
Joshua 12:24 24 the king of Tirzah
one—all
the kings
thirty-one.
YLT
24The king of Tirzah
one;
all the kings [are] thirty and one.
The king of Tirzah
one
.... To what tribe this
place fell is nowhere said: AdrichomiusF21Theatrum Terrae Sanct. p.
74. places it in the tribe of Manasseh; and so does BuntingF23Travels
&c. p. 160.
who says of it
that it was a fair and beautiful city
situated on a high and pleasant mountain
in the tribe of Manasseh
twenty four
miles from Jerusalem to the north: here Jeroboam had his royal seat
and so his
successors unto Omri
1 Kings 14:17; and
Dr LightfootF24Works
vol. 1. p. 78. seems to suspect as if Shechem
in Mount Ephraim and Tirzah were the same; for
he says
if Shechem and Tirzah
were not one and the same town
it appears that Jeroboam had removed his court
when his son died
from where it was when he first erected his idols; compare 1 Kings 12:25
with
1 Kings 14:17; and
so it may argue that there was some space between: it was
no doubt
a very
pleasant and beautiful city
as not only appears from its name
but from the
allusion to it in Song of Solomon 6:4
all the kings thirty and one: it may seem strange
that
in so small a country as Canaan was
there should be so many kings in it
since the length of it from Dan to Beersheba was scarce an hundred sixty miles
as JeromF25Epist. Dardano
tom. 3. p. 22. I. K. says; who further
observes
that he was ashamed to give the breadth of it
lest it should give
occasion to Heathens to blaspheme; for
adds he
from Joppa to our little
village Bethlehem (where they then were) were forty six miles
to which
succeeded only a vast desert: but it may be observed
that in ancient times
in
other countries
there were a great many kings
as here in Britain
and in
France
Spain
and Germany
as Bishop Patrick has observed from several
writers; and StraboF26Geograph. l. 16. p. 519. testifies the same of
the cities of Phoenicia or Canaan
that they had each of them separate kings
as Joshua here describes them.
──《John Gill’s
Exposition of the Bible》