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Joshua Chapter Twenty-one                            

 

Joshua 21 Outlines

Cities of the Levites (v.1~42)

The Promise Fulfilled (v.43~45)

New King James Version (NKJV)

 

INTRODUCTION TO JOSHUA 21

This chapter contains the address of the Levites to the court to have the cities and suburbs given them according to the command of God by Moses Joshua 21:1; the grant of them by lot out of the several tribes Joshua 21:3; the particular cities out of the tribes of Judah and Simeon are mentioned by name Joshua 21:9; then those out of the tribe of Benjamin Joshua 21:17; next those out of the tribe of Ephraim Joshua 21:20; afterwards those out of the tribe of Dan Joshua 21:23; then those out of the half tribe of Manasseh Joshua 21:27; and out of the tribe of Issachar Joshua 21:28; and out of the tribe of Asher Joshua 21:30; and of Naphtali Joshua 21:32; and of Zebulun Joshua 21:34; and of Reuben Joshua 21:36; and of Gad Joshua 21:38; which in all made forty eight Joshua 21:41; and the chapter is concluded with observing that God gave Israel all the land of Canaan and rest in it according to his promise very faithfully and punctually Joshua 21:43.

 

Joshua 21:1  Then the heads of the fathers’ houses of the Levites came near to Eleazar the priest to Joshua the son of Nun and to the heads of the fathers’ houses of the tribes of the children of Israel.

   YLT  1And the heads of the fathers of the Levites draw nigh unto Eleazar the priest and unto Joshua son of Nun and unto the heads of the fathers of the tribes of the sons of Israel

Then came near the heads of the fathers of the Levites .... When the land was divided to the several tribes and everyone knew the cities that belonged to them and what they could and should part with to the Levites and when the six cities of refuge were fixed; the Levites came to put in their claim for cities of habitation they having no share in the division of the land; and yet it was necessary they should have habitations; the persons that undertook to put in a claim for them were the principal men among them; the fathers of them were Kohath Gershon and Merari; the heads of those were the chief men that were then living: these came

unto Eleazar the priest and unto Joshua the son of Nun; the high priest and chief magistrate:

and unto the heads of the fathers of the tribes of the children of Israel; the princes appointed to divide the land with the two great personages before mentioned Numbers 34:17.

 

Joshua 21:2  2 And they spoke to them at Shiloh in the land of Canaan saying “The Lord commanded through Moses to give us cities to dwell in with their common-lands for our livestock.”

   YLT  2and they speak unto them in Shiloh in the land of Canaan saying `Jehovah commanded by the hand of Moses to give to us cities to dwell in and their suburbs for our cattle.'

And they spake unto them at Shiloh in the land of Canaan .... Where the tabernacle was fixed at or near which the above persons met to cast lots for the division of the land to the seven tribes that had not received their inheritance:

saying the Lord commanded by the hand of Moses to give us cities to dwell in with the suburbs thereof for our cattle; this command is extant in Numbers 35:2.

 

Joshua 21:3  3 So the children of Israel gave to the Levites from their inheritance at the commandment of the Lord these cities and their common-lands:

   YLT  3And the sons of Israel give to the Levites out of their inheritance at the command of Jehovah these cities and their suburbs:

And the children of Israel gave unto the Levites out of their inheritance .... Knowing full well there was such a command made no objection to their motion but freely gave them cities out of the portion of inheritance allotted to them; this they did

at the commandment of the Lord and in obedience to it even gave these cities and suburbs; after mentioned: this was done by the tribes themselves; as there were a certain number fixed by the commandment of God they agreed among themselves how many and what cities should be given out of each tribe; and then lots were cast for them by Joshua what and which cities should be appropriated to their several divisions as the Kohathites that sprang from Aaron and the rest of them that did not and the Gershonites and Merarites as follows.

 

Joshua 21:4  4 Now the lot came out for the families of the Kohathites. And the children of Aaron the priest who were of the Levites had thirteen cities by lot from the tribe of Judah from the tribe of Simeon and from the tribe of Benjamin.

   YLT  4And the lot goeth out for the families of the Kohathite and there are for the sons of Aaron the priest (of the Levites) out of the tribe of Judah and out of the tribe of Simeon and out of the tribe of Benjamin by lot thirteen cities

And the lot came out for the family of the Kohathites .... The first lot that was drawn out of the pot or urn was for the descendants of Kohath a son of Levi:

and the children of Aaron the priest which were of the Levites; who descended from Amram the eldest son of Kohath and these were not only Levites but priests: these

had by lot out of the tribe of Judah and out of the tribe of Simeon

and out of the tribe of Benjamin thirteen cities; which are after mentioned by name; and as these were priests whose business was to serve in the temple and at the altar the cities assigned them by the lot were by the wise disposal of divine Providence ordered them out of those tribes which lay nearest to Jerusalem; the place God had chosen to put his name in where the temple would be built and the altars erected for sacrifices and incense.

 

Joshua 21:5  5 The rest of the children of Kohath had ten cities by lot from the families of the tribe of Ephraim from the tribe of Dan and from the half-tribe of Manasseh.

   YLT  5and for the sons of Kohath who are left out of the families of the tribe of Ephraim and out of the tribe of Dan and out of the half of the tribe of Manasseh by lot ten cities:

And the rest of the children of Kohath .... Which did not descend from him in the line of Amram and Aaron but of Izhar Hebron and Uzziel who were not priests but Levites:

had by lot out of the families of the tribe of Ephraim and out of the tribe of Dan and out of the half tribe of Manasseh ten cities; these other sort of Kohathites had their cities in tribes next to the other three where the Kohathites that were priests had theirs.

 

Joshua 21:6  6 And the children of Gershon had thirteen cities by lot from the families of the tribe of Issachar from the tribe of Asher from the tribe of Naphtali and from the half-tribe of Manasseh in Bashan.

   YLT  6And for the sons of Gershon [are] out of the families of the tribe of Issachar and out of the tribe of Asher and out of the tribe of Naphtali and out of the half tribe of Manasseh in Bashan by lot thirteen cities.

And the children of Gershon had by lot out of the families of the tribe of Issachar .... These were Levites who descended from Gershon the eldest son of Levi and had their cities by lot assigned them in tribes at a greater distance not only out of Issachar but

out of the tribe of Asher and out of the tribe of Naphtali and out of the half tribe of Manasseh in Bashan; which was the other half of the tribe beyond Jordan:

thirteen cities; as many as were given out of the tribes of Judah Simeon and Benjamin.

 

Joshua 21:7  7 The children of Merari according to their families had twelve cities from the tribe of Reuben from the tribe of Gad and from the tribe of Zebulun.

   YLT  7For the sons of Merari for their families [are] out of the tribe of Reuben and out of the tribe of Gad and out of the tribe of Zebulun twelve cities.

The children of Merari by their families .... The descendants of Merari the third son of Levi:

had out of the tribe of Reuben and out of the tribe of Gad; which were both on the other side Jordan:

and out of the tribe of Zebulun twelve cities; in all forty eight as the Lord commanded Numbers 35:7.

 

Joshua 21:8  8 And the children of Israel gave these cities with their common-lands by lot to the Levites as the Lord had commanded by the hand of Moses.

   YLT  8And the sons of Israel give to the Levites these cities and their suburbs as Jehovah commanded by the hand of Moses by lot.

And the children of Israel gave by lot unto the Levites these cities with their suburbs .... Reaching two thousand cubits from the cities all around: these cities did not lie all together and so could not be described by their coasts; but in the several tribes and intermixed with their cities; which fulfilled Jacob's prophecy that they should be divided and scattered in Israel Genesis 49:7; as well as it was so ordered for the benefit of the several tribes that they might have the assistance of the priests and Levites to instruct them in the knowledge of the laws and commandments of God and all divine things:

as the Lord commanded by the hand of Moses; Numbers 35:2.

 

Joshua 21:9  9 So they gave from the tribe of the children of Judah and from the tribe of the children of Simeon these cities which are designated by name

   YLT  9And they give out of the tribe of the sons of Judah and out of the tribe of the sons of Simeon these cities which are called by name;

And they gave out of the tribe of the children of Judah .... Here follows a particular account of the several cities which were given out of each tribe and first out of this:

and out of the tribe of the children of Simeon; which is joined with that of Judah because the cities of it lay within it Joshua 19:1

these cities which are here mentioned by name; Joshua 21:13.

 

Joshua 21:10  10 which were for the children of Aaron one of the families of the Kohathites who were of the children of Levi; for the lot was theirs first.

   YLT  10and they are for the sons of Aaron of the families of the Kohathite of the sons of Levi for theirs hath been the first lot;

Which the children of Aaron being of the families of the Kohathites .... Who descending from Kohath in the line of Aaron were priests:

who were of the children of Levi had; they were Levites as descending from Levi but were priests also as being of the stock of Aaron and the cities hereafter mentioned in the said tribe fell to their portion:

for theirs was the first lot; for being of the line of Aaron and priests they had the honour and privilege to have the first lot drawn for them and out of the tribe for which the first lot was also drawn the tribe of Judah; here they had their cities allotted them for a reason before given.

 

Joshua 21:11  11 And they gave them Kirjath Arba (Arba was the father of Anak) which is Hebron in the mountains of Judah with the common-land surrounding it.

   YLT  11and they give to them the city of Arba father of Anak (it [is] Hebron) in the hill-country of Judah and its suburbs round about it;

And they gave them the city of Arba the father of Anak .... Which from him was called Kirjatharba Joshua 14:15; and Anak according to Kimchi is not the name of a man but a general name comprehending the Anakims a race of giants among whom Arba was the chief and principal man a prince and ruler over them as Ben Melech:

which city is Hebron in the hill country of Judah; as in Joshua 14:15; see Luke 1:39

with the suburbs thereof round about it; as far as two thousand cubits which were to put their cattle in and provision for them.

 

Joshua 21:12  12 But the fields of the city and its villages they gave to Caleb the son of Jephunneh as his possession.

   YLT  12and the field of the city and its villages they have given to Caleb son of Jephunneh for his possession.

But the fields of the city and the villages thereof .... Which lay beyond the two thousand cubits:

gave they to Caleb the son of Jephunneh for his possession; as Moses had promised and Joshua had confirmed to him; and now the children of Israel gave them to him and put him in the possession of Joshua 14:6; and the same is to be observed of all the other cities given to the Levites that they and their suburbs extending to such a distance only were given to them; but the fields and villages which belonged to them continued the inheritance of the tribes in which they were.

 

Joshua 21:13  13 Thus to the children of Aaron the priest they gave Hebron with its common-land (a city of refuge for the slayer) Libnah with its common-land

   YLT  13And to the sons of Aaron the priest they have given the city of refuge [for] the man-slayer Hebron and its suburbs and Libnah and its suburbs

Thus they gave to the children of Aaron the priest .... The families of the Kohathites that part of them which descended from him and were priests:

Hebron with her suburbs to be a city of refuge for the slayer; that had slain a person unawares and without design; see on Joshua 20:3

and Libnah with her suburbs; a royal city of which see Joshua 10:29.

 

Joshua 21:14  14 Jattir with its common-land Eshtemoa with its common-land

   YLT  14and Jattir and its suburbs and Eshtemoa and its suburbs

And Jattir with her suburbs .... See Gill on Joshua 15:48

and Eshtemoa with her suburbs; See Gill on Joshua 15:50.

 

Joshua 21:15  15 Holon with its common-land Debir with its common-land

   YLT  15and Holon and its suburbs and Debir and its suburbs

And Holon with her suburbs .... See Gill on Joshua 15:51

and Debir with her suburbs; See Gill on Joshua 15:49.

 

Joshua 21:16  16 Ain with its common-land Juttah with its common-land and Beth Shemesh with its common-land: nine cities from those two tribes;

   YLT  16and Ain and its suburbs and Juttah and its suburbs Beth-Shemesh and its suburbs; nine cities out of these two tribes.

And Ain with her suburbs .... See Gill on Joshua 15:32

and Juttah with her suburbs; See Gill on Joshua 15:55

and Bethshemesh with her suburbs; which is not mentioned among the cities of Judah Joshua 15:21; only as in the borders of it Joshua 21:10; and perhaps is the same Bethshemesh to which the ark was directed by the Philistines from Ashdod 1 Samuel 6:9; in it formerly was a temple dedicated to the sun from whence it had its name:

nine cities out of those two tribes; and they seem all but one which is Ain to be of the tribe of Judah and that originally belonged to it; and as that tribe had the largest number of cities in its lot the more were given out of it to the Levites according to a rule prescribed Numbers 35:8.

 

Joshua 21:17  17 and from the tribe of Benjamin Gibeon with its common-land Geba with its common-land

   YLT  17And out of the tribe of Benjamin Gibeon and its suburbs Geba and its suburbs

And out of the tribe of Benjamin Gibeon with her suburbs .... See Gill on Joshua 18:25; from which came the Gibeonites.

Geba with her suburbs. Of which See Gill on Joshua 18:24.

 

Joshua 21:18  18 Anathoth with its common-land and Almon with its common-land: four cities.

   YLT  18Anathoth and its suburbs and Almon and its suburbs -- four cities;

Anathoth with her suburbs .... This is not mentioned among the cities of Benjamin Joshua 18:11; it was the native place of the Prophet Jeremiah; see Gill on Jeremiah 1:1; it lay about two or three miles north of Jerusalem; three says JeromF11De loc. Heb. fol. 88. H. . RauwolffF12Travels par. 3. c. 2. p. 216. speaks of it as a small village when he travelled into those parts and as lying on a height or eminence and which was within twenty furlongs of Jerusalem as Josephus writesF13Antiqu. l. 10. c. 7. sect. 3. :

and Almon with her suburbs; this also is not mentioned among the cities of Benjamin Joshua 18:11; it is called Alemeth 1 Chronicles 6:60. Jarchi and Kimchi say it is the same with Bahurim 2 Samuel 3:16; where the Targum renders it by Almeth and both words signify the same thing "youth":

four cities; which were a large number for so small a tribe as little Benjamin to give.

 

Joshua 21:19  19 All the cities of the children of Aaron the priests were thirteen cities with their common-lands.

   YLT  19all the cities of the sons of Aaron the priests [are] thirteen cities and their suburbs.

All the cities of the children of Aaron the priests .... Those of the Kohathites that came from him:

were thirteen cities with their suburbs; and just so many are mentioned by name in Joshua 21:11.

 

Joshua 21:20  20 And the families of the children of Kohath the Levites the rest of the children of Kohath even they had the cities of their lot from the tribe of Ephraim.

   YLT  20And for the families of the sons of Kohath the Levites who are left of the sons of Kohath even the cities of their lot are of the tribe of Ephraim;

And the families of the children of Kohath the Levites .... Who were not priests:

which remained of the children of Kohath; these are the children of Moses as Jarchi says and those that descended from Kohath in the lines of Izhar Hebron and Uzziel:

even they had the cities of their lot out of the tribe of Ephraim; and were as follow.

 

Joshua 21:21  21 For they gave them Shechem with its common-land in the mountains of Ephraim (a city of refuge for the slayer) Gezer with its common-land

   YLT  21and they give to them the city of refuge [for] the man-slayer Shechem and its suburbs in the hill-country of Ephraim and Gezer and its suburbs

For they gave them Shechem with her suburbs in Mount Ephraim .... Of which see Joshua 20:7

to be a city of refuge for the slayer; which being on a mountain was the more conspicuous and the fitter for this purpose as was Hebron in the hill country of Judea Joshua 21:11; this is the second; city of refuge mentioned:

and Gezer with her suburbs: a place from whence the Canaanites were not expelled; See Gill on Joshua 16:10.

 

Joshua 21:22  22 Kibzaim with its common-land and Beth Horon with its common-land: four cities;

   YLT  22and Kibzaim and its suburbs and Beth-Horon and its suburbs -- four cities.

And Kibzaim with her suburbs .... Which seems to be the same with Jokneam 1 Chronicles 6:68; of it we read nowhere else:

and Bethhoron with her suburbs; upper Bethhoron for there were two an upper and a nether: see Joshua 16:3

four cities; as mentioned by name.

 

Joshua 21:23  23 and from the tribe of Dan Eltekeh with its common-land Gibbethon with its common-land

   YLT  23And out of the tribe of Dan Eltekeh and its suburbs Gibbethon and its suburbs

And out of the tribe of Dan Eltekeh with her suburbs .... See Gill on Joshua 19:44

Gibbethon with her suburbs; see Gill on Joshua 19:44.

 

Joshua 21:24  24 Aijalon with its common-land and Gath Rimmon with its common-land: four cities;

   YLT  24Aijalon and its suburbs Gath-Rimmon and its suburbs -- four cities.

Aijalon with her suburbs .... See Gill on Joshua 19:42

Gathrimmon with her suburbs four cities; See Gill on Joshua 19:45.

 

Joshua 21:25  25 and from the half-tribe of Manasseh Tanach with its common-land and Gath Rimmon with its common-land: two cities.

   YLT  25And out of the half of the tribe of Manasseh Taanach and its suburbs and Gath-Rimmon and its suburbs -- two cities;

And out of the half tribe of Manasseh Taanach with her suburbs .... Of which see Joshua 17:10

and Gathrimmon with her suburbs there was a city of this name in Dan as in Joshua 21:24; nor was it unusual for cities to be called by the same name in different tribes:

two cities; these are called Aner and Bilean in 1 Chronicles 6:70; in process of time cities changed their names; two cities were a proper proportion for this half tribe; two more were given out of the other half tribe on the other side Jordan as appears by what follows.

 

Joshua 21:26  26 All the ten cities with their common-lands were for the rest of the families of the children of Kohath.

   YLT  26all the cities [are] ten and their suburbs for the families of the sons of Kohath who are left.

All the cities were ten with their suburbs .... Four out of Ephraim four out of Dan and two out of the half tribe of Manasseh: which were

for the families of the children of Kohath that remained: who were of the other branch of the Kohathites and who did not descend from Aaron and were only Levites and not priests; See Gill on Joshua 21:20.

 

Joshua 21:27  27 Also to the children of Gershon of the families of the Levites from the other half-tribe of Manasseh they gave Golan in Bashan with its common-land (a city of refuge for the slayer) and Be Eshterah with its common-land: two cities;

   YLT  27And for the sons of Gershon of the families of the Levites out of the half of the tribe of Manasseh the city of refuge [for] the man-slayer Golan in Bashan and its suburbs and Beeshterah and its suburbs -- two cities.

And unto the children of Gershon of the families of the Levites .... The descendants of the second son of Levi:

out of the other half tribe of Manasseh; that which was settled beyond Jordan:

they gave Golan in Bashan with her suburbs to be a city of refuge for the slayer; see Joshua 20:8; this is the third city of refuge mentioned:

and Beeshterah with her suburbs; called Ashtaroth 1 Chronicles 6:71; which had been the royal city of Og king of Bashan where he had his palace Deuteronomy 1:4. Here seems to have been formerly a temple dedicated to the goddess Astarte; for Beeshterah is a compound of "Beth" and "Ashterah" or Astarte; that is the house or temple of Astarte but now become a city of the Levites:

two cities; two more having been before given out of the other half tribe.

 

Joshua 21:28  28 and from the tribe of Issachar Kishion with its common-land Daberath with its common-land

   YLT  28And out of the tribe of Issachar Kishon and its suburbs Dabarath and its suburbs

And out of the tribe of Issachar Kishon with her suburbs .... From whence the river Kishon probably had its name or the city from that; it is the same with Kishion Joshua 19:20; and called Kedesh 1 Chronicles 6:72.

Dabareh with her suburbs; the same with Daberath on the border of Zebulun; see Gill on Joshua 19:12.

 

Joshua 21:29  29 Jarmuth with its common-land and En Gannim with its common-land: four cities;

   YLT  29Jarmuth and its suburbs En-Gannim and its suburbs -- four cities.

Jarmuth with her suburbs .... Called Ramoth 1 Chronicles 6:73; very probably the same with Remeth Joshua 19:21

Engannim with her suburbs; called Anem 1 Chronicles 6:73

four cities; so many are mentioned by name.

 

Joshua 21:30  30 and from the tribe of Asher Mishal with its common-land Abdon with its common-land

   YLT  30And out of the tribe of Asher Mishal and its suburbs Abdon and its suburbs

And out of the tribe of Asher Mishal with her suburbs .... The same with Misheal Joshua 19:26; called Mashal 1 Chronicles 6:74

Abdon with her suburbs; not mentioned among the cities of Asher unless the same with Hebron Joshua 19:28.

 

Joshua 21:31  31 Helkath with its common-land and Rehob with its common-land: four cities;

   YLT  31Helkath and its suburbs and Rehob and its suburbs -- four cities.

Helkath with her suburbs .... See Gill on Joshua 19:25; the same with Hukok in 1 Chronicles 6:75

and Rehob with her suburbs four cities; See Gill on Joshua 19:28.

 

Joshua 21:32  32 and from the tribe of Naphtali Kedesh in Galilee with its common-land (a city of refuge for the slayer) Hammoth Dor with its common-land and Kartan with its common-land: three cities.

   YLT  32And out of the tribe of Naphtali the city of refuge [for] the man-slayer Kedesh in Galilee and its suburbs and Hammoth-Dor and its suburbs and Kartan and its suburbs -- three cities;

And out of the tribe of Naphtali Kedesh in Galilee with her suburbs .... Of which see Joshua 20:7

to be a city of refuge for the slayer; this is the fourth city of refuge mentioned:

and Hammothdor with her suburbs; the same with Hammon 1 Chronicles 6:76; and with Hammath Joshua 19:35; and is thought by some to be Tiberias so called from the hot baths in or near it:

and Kartan with her suburbs; called Kirjathaim 1 Chronicles 6:76; but cannot be the Kirjathaim in Numbers 32:37; for that belonged to the tribe of Reuben and was on the other side Jordan:

three cities; this being a lesser tribe than some others gave fewer cities according to the rule in Numbers 35:8.

 

Joshua 21:33  33 All the cities of the Gershonites according to their families were thirteen cities with their common-lands.

   YLT  33all the cities of the Gershonite for their families [are] thirteen cities and their suburbs.

All the cities of the Gershonites according to their families .... Which were divided among them according to the number of their families:

were thirteen cities with their suburbs; two out of the half tribe of Manasseh beyond Jordan four out of Issachar four out of Asher and three out of Naphtali.

 

Joshua 21:34  34 And to the families of the children of Merari the rest of the Levites from the tribe of Zebulun Jokneam with its common-land Kartah with its common-land

   YLT  34And for the families of the sons of Merari the Levites who are left [are ] out of the tribe of Zebulun Jokneam and its suburbs Kartah and its suburbs

And unto the families of the children of Merari the rest of the Levites .... The descendants of the youngest son of Levi who were all that remained of the Levites unprovided of cities:

out of the tribe of Zebulun Jokneam with her suburbs; which lay near Carmel and was a royal city; See Gill on Joshua 12:22

and Kartah with her suburbs; perhaps the same with Kattath Joshua 19:15.

 

Joshua 21:35  35 Dimnah with its common-land and Nahalal with its common-land: four cities;

   YLT  35Dimnah and its suburbs Nahalal and its suburbs -- four cities.

Dimnah with her suburbs .... Nowhere mentioned unless the same with Rimmon 1 Chronicles 6:77

Nahalal with her suburbs; see Joshua 19:15

four cities; only two are mentioned 1 Chronicles 6:77; and they by different names; the one is Rimmon before observed and the other Tabor; perhaps the same with Chislothtabor Joshua 19:12.

 

Joshua 21:36  36 and from the tribe of Reuben Bezer with its common-land Jahaz with its common-land

   YLT  36And out of the tribe of Reuben Bezer and its suburbs and Jahazah and its suburbs

And out of the tribe of Reuben Bezer with her suburbs .... Which was a city of refuge and the fifth of them in this account though not observed as such here but is in the Greek version; see Joshua 20:8

and Jahazah with her suburbs; called Jahaz; see Gill on Numbers 21:23.

 

Joshua 21:37  37 Kedemoth with its common-land and Mephaath with its common-land: four cities;[a]

   YLT  37Kedemoth and its suburbs and Mephaath and its suburbs -- four cities.

Kedemoth with her suburbs .... Near to which was a wilderness of that name; see Deuteronomy 2:26

and Mephaath with her suburbs; of which See Gill on Joshua 13:18; where the two preceding cities are mentioned along with it:

four cities Joshua 21:35 are not in some ancient copies of the Hebrew Bible as is noted by the Masorites; but are in some others as Kimchi owns and stand in the Targum in the Septuagint Syriac and Arabic versions and in a manuscript referred to by HottingerF5Thesaur. Philolog. l. 1. c. 2. p. 181 &c. ; and the same words are to be found in 1 Chronicles 6:78 and are absolutely necessary to be retained since without them there would be but eight cities for the Merarites whereas they are expressly said to be twelve Joshua 21:40.

 

Joshua 21:38  38 and from the tribe of Gad Ramoth in Gilead with its common-land (a city of refuge for the slayer) Mahanaim with its common-land

   YLT  38And out of the tribe of Gad the city of refuge [for] the man-slayer Ramoth in Gilead and its suburbs and Mahanaim and its suburbs

And out of the tribe of Gad .... Which also as that of Reuben lay on the other side Jordan:

Ramoth in Gilead with her suburbs; of which see Joshua 20:8

to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and is the sixth and last city of refuge in this account:

and Mahanaim with her suburbs; here it was the angels met Jacob which gave rise to the name of the place Genesis 32:1; afterwards a city was built here and was on the borders of the tribe of Gad and belonged to it Joshua 13:26; mention is made of it in other places 2 Samuel 2:8 1 Kings 2:8.

 

Joshua 21:39  39 Heshbon with its common-land and Jazer with its common-land: four cities in all.

   YLT  39Heshbon and its suburbs Jazer and its suburbs -- [in] all four cities.

Heshbon with her suburbs .... Which was formerly the royal city of Sihon king of the Amorites and was first given to and rebuilt by the Reubenites but was upon the border of the tribe of Gad; and appears from hence to have been one of their cities Numbers 21:26

Jazer with her suburbs; sometimes called Jaazer another city in the same country and near Heshbon; see Numbers 21:32

four cities in all: which were Ramothgilead Mahanaim Heshbon and Jazer.

 

Joshua 21:40  40 So all the cities for the children of Merari according to their families the rest of the families of the Levites were by their lot twelve cities.

   YLT  40All the cities for the sons of Merari for their families who are left of the families of the Levites -- their lot is twelve cities.

So all the cities for the children of Merari by their families .... Which were distributed by lot to them according to the number of their families and were sufficient for them:

which were remaining of the families of the Levites; the last division of them besides those of the Kohathites Levites and the Gershonites:

were by their lot twelve cities; four out of the tribe of Zebulun four out of the tribe of Reuben and four out of the tribe of Gad whose names are before given

 

Joshua 21:41  41 All the cities of the Levites within the possession of the children of Israel were forty-eight cities with their common-lands.

   YLT  41All the cities of the Levites in the midst of the possession of the sons of Israel [are] forty and eight cities and their suburbs.

All the cities of the Levites within the possession of the children of Israel .... As comprised in one sum total:

were forty and eight cities with their suburbs; which is just the number that Moses from the mouth of God ordered to be given unto them before they entered into the land and before they were in possession of one city in it Numbers 35:7; which as it is a proof of the omniscience prescience and predetermination of God; so of the sure and true prediction of Moses who could not be otherwise certain than from the Lord of the Israelites being able to give so many cities to them out of each of their tribes: and it is to be observed that this tribe of Levi though it had no share in the division of the land yet had more cities by lot given to it than any other excepting the tribe of Judah; though indeed in the account of some of the tribes all the cities in them are not mentioned; and besides they had only the cities they had with their suburbs round about them but not the lands belonging to them nor the villages; however this shows that a large and liberal maintenance of the ministers of the Lord that serve in his sanctuary should be allowed and made for them as in the legal so under the Gospel dispensation.

 

Joshua 21:42  42 Every one of these cities had its common-land surrounding it; thus were all these cities.

   YLT  42These cities are each city and its suburbs round about it; so to all these cities.

These cities were everyone with their suburbs round about them .... Which reached to the space of two thousand cubits on every side; and such a space was assigned to everyone of the above cities for their cattle to keep them in and lay up provision for them:

thus were all their cities; six of them cities of refuge and forty two for the priests and Levites to dwell in and for the commodious use of their herds and flocks.

 

Joshua 21:43  43 So the Lord gave to Israel all the land of which He had sworn to give to their fathers and they took possession of it and dwelt in it.

   YLT  43And Jehovah giveth to Israel the whole of the land which He hath sworn to give to their fathers and they possess it and dwell in it;

And the Lord gave unto Israel all the land which he sware to give unto their fathers .... It was all given them by lot whether subdued or not subdued and the far greater part was actually put into their hands and they had as much as they could for the present occupy and cultivate; and such as were in the hands of the Canaanites were subject to pay tribute to them; and it was owing to their own slothfulness and sluggishness that they did not possess more hereafter; though it was the will of God that their enemies should be driven out by little and little until the Israelites were so increased as to occupy the whole lest any part of the land should lie waste and become barren and lest the wild beasts of the field should multiply upon them:

and they possessed it and dwelt therein; each according to their lot in the several places assigned them as many cities as they could at present people and as much land as they could now manage.

 

Joshua 21:44  44 The Lord gave them rest all around according to all that He had sworn to their fathers. And not a man of all their enemies stood against them; the Lord delivered all their enemies into their hand.

   YLT  44and Jehovah giveth rest to them round about according to all that which He hath sworn to their fathers and there hath not stood a man in their presence of all their enemies the whole of their enemies hath Jehovah given into their hand;

And the Lord gave them rest round about .... Not only from their travels with which they had been fatigued forty years in the wilderness but from wars with the Canaanites they had been engaged in for some years past:

according to all that he sware unto their fathers; not only to give them the land but peace rest and safety in it:

and there stood not a man of all their enemies before them; for whenever any rose up to oppose them they were immediately cut off: this is to be understood while Joshua was living; for afterwards sinning against God they were again and again delivered up into the hands of their enemies:

the Lord delivered all their enemies into their hands; that is that made war with them.

 

Joshua 21:45  45 Not a word failed of any good thing which the Lord had spoken to the house of Israel. All came to pass.

   YLT  45there hath not fallen a thing of all the good thing which Jehovah spake unto the house of Israel -- the whole hath come.

There failed not ought of any good thing .... Not only every good thing in general but every part and particular of that good thing; that with all that was included in it or were appendages to it or circumstances of it:

which the Lord had spoken to the house of Israel; as of their deliverance out of Egypt and passage through the Red sea and wilderness with all conveniences for them therein; so of their passage through Jordan success of their arms the conquest of their enemies possession of their land a land flowing with milk and honey:

all came to pass; exactly precisely and punctually even everything relative to their temporal and spiritual good: so all that God promises to his spiritual Israel with respect to their present comfort or everlasting happiness all is exactly fulfilled all his promises in Christ are yea and amen.

 

──John Gill’s Exposition of the Bible

 

New King James Version (NKJV)

Footnotes:

  1. Joshua 21:37 Following Septuagint and Vulgate (compare 1 Chronicles 6:78 79); Masoretic Text Bomberg and Targum omit verses 36 and 37.