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1
Chronicles Chapter Five
New King James Version (NKJV)
INTRODUCTION TO 1 CHRONICLES 5
This
chapter relates the genealogy of the tribes that lived on the other side
Jordan; of the Reubenites
1 Chronicles 5:1
of the Gadites
1 Chronicles 5:11
of the half tribe of Manasseh
1 Chronicles 5:23
and of their war with the Hagarites
in conjunction with each other
and their
conquest of them
1 Chronicles 5:18
and who for their sins were all carried captive by the king of Assyria
1 Chronicles 5:25.
1 Chronicles
5:1 Now the sons of
Reuben the firstborn of Israel—he was indeed the firstborn
but because
he defiled his father’s bed
his birthright was given to the sons of Joseph
the son of Israel
so that the genealogy is not listed according to the
birthright;
YLT
1As to sons of Reuben
first-born of Israel -- for he [is] the first-born
and on account of his
profaning the couch of his father hath his birthright been given to the sons of
Joseph son of Israel
and [he is] not to be reckoned by genealogy for the
birthright
Now the sons of Reuben
the firstborn of Israel
.... Are as
follow in 1 Chronicles 5:3
where the account begins; for what comes between this and that is in a
parenthesis:
for he was the firstborn; of Jacob by his wife
Leah; that must be owned
and Jacob allows it
Genesis 49:3 and
yet the genealogy in this book begins not with him
as might on that account be
expected; the reason follows:
but forasmuch as he defiled his father's bed: by lying with
Bilhah his concubine:
his birthright was given unto the sons of Joseph the son of Israel; his beloved
son by his beloved wife Rachel and so had a double portion given him; his two
sons being equally ranked with the other sons of Jacob
and became distinct
tribes
and each had their lot in the land of Canaan
see Genesis 48:5
compared with Deuteronomy 21:17.
and the genealogy is not to be reckoned after the birthright; or
"but
the genealogy"
&c.F15"Nee tamen"
Tigurine
version. ; neither after the birthright of Reuben
which he had by nature
being Jacob's firstborn; nor after the birthright of Joseph
which be had by
his father's gift
as it might be thought it should; the reason of which
follows.
1 Chronicles
5:2 2 yet
Judah prevailed over his brothers
and from him came a ruler
although
the birthright was Joseph’s—
YLT
2for Judah hath been mighty
over his brother
and for leader above him
and the birthright [is] to Joseph.
For Judah prevailed above his brethren
.... That is
the tribe of Judah prevailed above the rest in number
in valour
and courage
and in dignity; wherefore the genealogy is not reckoned according to
birthright
but dignity and dominion; hence this genealogical account began
with Judah:
because of him came
the chief ruler; David and the kings of Judah
his successors; and above all
from him the Prince Messiah was to spring
and did
according to Genesis 49:10 so
both the Syriac and Arabic versions read
"out of Judah should go forth the
King Messiah:"
but the birthright was Joseph's or
"though"F16Licet
ibid. (Tigurine version) it was; yet
Judah having the dominion and dignity
that tribe is first genealogized.
1 Chronicles
5:3 3 the
sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel were Hanoch
Pallu
Hezron
and Carmi.
YLT
3Sons of Reuben
first-born
of Israel: Hanoch
and Pallu
Hezron
and Carmi.
The sons
I say
of Reuben the firstborn of Israel
were
Hanoch
and Pallu
Hezron
and Carmi. As in Genesis 46:9.
1 Chronicles 5:4 4 The sons of Joel were
Shemaiah his son
Gog his son
Shimei his son
YLT
4Sons of Joel: Shemaiah his
son
Gog his son
Shimei his son
Verse 4-5
The sons of Joel
.... Who was either the son of Carmi last
mentioned
or rather of Hanoch
Reuben's firstborn
since the descendants of
him were the princes of the tribe: his posterity in succession were
Shemaiah
Cog
Shimei
Micah
Reaia
Baal
Beerah; of whom we know no more than their
names
and by these the descent is carried down to the captivity by
Tiglathpileser
as follows.
1 Chronicles 5:5 5 Micah his son
Reaiah his
son
Baal his son
YLT
5Micah his son
Reaiah his
son
Baal his son
1 Chronicles 5:6 6 and Beerah his son
whom
Tiglath-Pileser[a] king of
Assyria carried into captivity. He was leader of the Reubenites.
YLT
6Beerah his son
whom
Tilgath-Pilneser king of Asshur removed; he [is] prince of the Reubenite.
Beerah his son
.... The last of Joel's posterity
who
according to the Targum and other Jewish writersF17Aben Ezra in Hos.
i. 1. Pesikta apud Abarbinel. in ib. was a prophet
and the father of Hosea
see Hosea 1:1 but
neither the name
title
time
nor tribe
agree:
whom Tilgathpilneser king of Assyria carried away captive; the same with
Tiglathpileser by a transposition of letters
2 Kings 15:29 and
is read the same here in the Greek
Syriac
and Arabic versions:
he was prince of the Reubenites; at that time;
that is
Beerah was.
1 Chronicles 5:7 7 And his brethren by their
families
when the genealogy of their generations was registered: the chief
Jeiel
and Zechariah
YLT
7And his brethren
by their
families
in the genealogy of their generations
[are] heads: Jeiel
and
Zechariah
And his brethren by their families
.... Either the brethren
of Beerah
or the rest of the posterity of Reuben:
(when the genealogy of their generations was reckoned;) either in the
times of Jotham and Jeroboam
1 Chronicles 5:17
or at the time of their captivity
as in the preceding verse:
were the chief
Jehiel
and Zechariah; these were the principals or heads of their families.
1 Chronicles 5:8 8 and Bela the son of Azaz
the son of Shema
the son of Joel
who dwelt in Aroer
as far as Nebo and Baal
Meon.
YLT
8and Bela son of Azaz
son
of Shema
son of Joel -- he is dwelling in Aroer
even unto Nebo and Baal-Meon;
And Bela the son of Azaz
the son of Shema
the son of Joel
.... The
pedigree of Bela
another principal man in the tribe of Reuben
is traced up to
Joel the father of Shema; the same with Shemaiah
according to Kimchi and Ben
Melech
1 Chronicles 5:4
who dwelt in Aroer; which belonged to the tribe of Gad
and was
rebuilt by them
Numbers 32:34
wherefore Kimchi observes
it may be interpreted
either from Aroer
or on the
border of it
Bela dwelt:
even unto Nebo
and Baalmeon; of which See Gill on Numbers 32:38.
1 Chronicles 5:9 9 Eastward they settled as
far as the entrance of the wilderness this side of the River Euphrates
because
their cattle had multiplied in the land of Gilead.
YLT
9and at the east he dwelt
even unto the entering in of the wilderness
even from the river Phrat
for
their cattle were multiplied in the land of Gilead.
And eastward he inhabited
.... Either Bela
or the
tribe of Reuben:
unto the entering in of the wilderness; the
wilderness of Kedemoth
which was near to Sihon king of Heshbon
whose land the
Reubenites inhabited
Deuteronomy 2:26.
from the river Euphrates; a learned manF18Texelii
Phoenix
l. 3. c. 7. p. 272. thinks that this river Phrat was different from
the Euphrates near Babylon
which was northward
since this was to the east or
southeast:
because their cattle were multiplied in the land of Gilead; therefore
their habitation was extended further
even to the river Euphrates
as in the
days of David and Solomon
2 Samuel 8:3.
1 Chronicles 5:10 10 Now in the days of Saul
they made war with the Hagrites
who fell by their hand; and they dwelt in
their tents throughout the entire area east of Gilead.
YLT
10And in the days of Saul
they have made war with the Hagarites
who fall by their hand
and they dwell
in their tents over all the face of the east of Gilead.
And in the days of Saul they made war with the Hagarites
.... Not with
the Hungarians
as the Targum
a people not then in being; but the Ishmaelites
so called because they descended from HagarF19So David de Pomis
Lexic. fol. 45. 4.
Sarah's maid; the same that are placed by PlinyF20Nat.
Hist. l. 6. c. 28. and PtolemyF21Geograph. l. 5. c. 19. in Arabia
near the Batanaeans
or inhabitants of Bashan; with those the Reubenites made
war
in conjunction with the Gadites and half tribe of Manasseh
1 Chronicles 5:18
perhaps this war might be much about the time Saul relieved Jabeshgilead
and
beat the Ammonites
1 Samuel 11:1 by which
the tribes on that side Jordan might be encouraged to it:
who fell by their hand; were worsted and
conquered by them:
and they dwelt in their tents; in which the Arabians
used to dwell
because of their flocks; hence some of them were called Scenites:
throughout all the east land of Gilead; or rather
throughout all the land of the Hagarites
which lay to the east of Gilead
as
the Vulgate Latin version; or otherwise the land of Gilead itself was their
original possession.
1 Chronicles 5:11 11 And the children of Gad
dwelt next to them in the land of Bashan as far as Salcah:
YLT
11And the sons of Gad
over-against them have dwelt in the land of Bashan unto Salcah
And the children of Gad dwelt over against them
.... Or by
them
the Reubenites; and one part of Gilead was given them between them
and
the other to the half tribe of Manasseh:
in the land of Bashan
unto Salcah; for though all Bashan is
said to be given to the half tribe of Manasseh
Deuteronomy 3:13
yet that is to be understood of the greater part of it; all of that which
belonged to Og
but what did not
the Gadites
either from the first
or in
later times
inhabited even as far as Salcah
which was one of the cities of
Og
Deuteronomy 3:10
and which Benjamin of TudelaF23Itinerar. p. 57. makes mention of
being called by the same name in his days.
1 Chronicles 5:12 12 Joel was the chief
Shapham the next
then Jaanai and Shaphat in Bashan
YLT
12Joel the head
and Shapham
the second
and Jaanai and Shaphat in Bashan;
Joel the chief
.... In this and the following verse are
reckoned up the principal men in the tribe of Gad
and the chief of all was
Joel
another from him in the tribe of Reuben
1 Chronicles 5:4.
and Shapham the next; the second chief man
from whom
RelandF24Palestin. Illustrat. par. 2. p. 602.
conjectures
Shophan
a city in the tribe of Gad
had its name
Numbers 32:35.
and Jaanai; from whom Danjaan might be called
as Michaelis intimates
2 Samuel 24:6.
and Shaphat in Bashan; not Shaphat the father
of Elisha
according to a tradition of the Jews
mentioned by Kimchi; which is
not at all probable.
1 Chronicles 5:13 13 and their brethren of
their father’s house: Michael
Meshullam
Sheba
Jorai
Jachan
Zia
and
Eber—seven in all.
YLT
13and their brethren of the
house of their fathers [are] Michael
and Meshullam
and Sheba
and Jorai
and
Jachan
and Zia
and Heber
seven.
And their brethren of the house of their fathers
.... Who were
also men of eminence and note in them:
were
Michael
and Meshullam
and Shebai
and Jorai
and Jachan
and Zia
and Heber
seven; so they are as here mentioned by name.
1 Chronicles 5:14 14 These were the
children of Abihail the son of Huri
the son of Jaroah
the son of Gilead
the
son of Michael
the son of Jeshishai
the son of Jahdo
the son of Buz;
YLT
14These [are] sons of Abihail
son of Huri
son of Jaroah
son of Gilead
son of Michael
son of Jeshishai
son of Jahdo
son of Buz;
These are the children of Abihail the son of Huri
.... That is
the seven before mentioned; they were the posterity of Abihail
whose pedigree
is traced from his father Huri to Buz
the intermediate progenitors being
Jaroah
Gilead
Michael
Jeshishai
Jahdo.
1 Chronicles 5:15 15 Ahi the son of Abdiel
the
son of Guni
was chief of their father’s house.
YLT
15Ahi son of Abdiel
son of
Guni
[is] head of the house of their fathers;
Ahi the son of Abdiel
the son of Guni
chief of the house of
their fathers. Which Ahi was a principal man in the families the seven above men
belonged to; besides them
or those three
were everyone of them heads of
families.
1 Chronicles 5:16 16 And the Gadites
dwelt in Gilead
in Bashan and in its villages
and in all the common-lands of
Sharon within their borders.
YLT
16and they dwell in Gilead in
Bashan
and in her small towns
and in all suburbs of Sharon
upon their
outskirts;
And they dwelt in Gilead
.... In that part of it
which belonged to the tribe of Gad:
in Bashan
and in her towns; See Gill on 1 Chronicles 5:11
and in all the suburbs of Sharon
upon their borders; there were
two Sharons
one to the west of the land of Israel near the Mediterranean sea
which is mentioned in Acts 9:35 as near
Lydda and Joppa; and the other to the east or northeast
beyond Jordan
which
is here meant.
1 Chronicles 5:17 17 All these were registered
by genealogies in the days of Jotham king of Judah
and in the days of Jeroboam
king of Israel.
YLT
17all of them reckoned
themselves by genealogy in the days of Jotham king of Judah
and in the days of
Jeroboam king of Israel.
All these were reckoned by genealogies
.... All
before mentioned:
in the days of Jotham king of Judah
and in the days of Jeroboam
king of Israel; not that those two kings reigned at the same time
and one and
the same reckoning is meant; but
as Dr. LightfootF25Works
vol. 1.
p. 100. observes
there were two reckonings; his words are
"in the days of
Jotham there was an account taken of the families of Reuben
Gad
and half
Manasseh
1 Chronicles 5:17
and so had there been in the days of Jeroboam the second; then at their
restoring by Jeroboam out of the hands of Hamath and Syria
and now at their
arming against the Assyrian
under whom they fell in the time of Pekah
and are
never again restored to Israel.'
1 Chronicles 5:18 18 The sons of Reuben
the
Gadites
and half the tribe of Manasseh had forty-four thousand seven
hundred and sixty valiant men
men able to bear shield and sword
to shoot with
the bow
and skillful in war
who went to war.
YLT
18Sons of Reuben
and the
Gadite
and the half of the tribe of Manasseh
of sons of valour
men bearing
shield and sword
and treading bow
and taught in battle
[are] forty and four
thousand and seven hundred and sixty
going out to the host.
The sons of Reuben
and the Gadites
and half the tribe of
Manasseh
.... These all joined together
living together on the one side
of Jordan:
of valiant men
men able to bear buckler and sword
and to shoot
with bow
and skilful in war; strong able bodied men; and not only able
to bear and carry arms
sword in one hand
and shield in another; but were men
of valour and courage
and had military skill
and knew how to handle their
arms to advantage:
were four and forty
thousand seven hundred and threescore
that went out to the war: that used to
go out when there was occasion
and did at this time.
1 Chronicles 5:19 19 They made war with the
Hagrites
Jetur
Naphish
and Nodab.
YLT
19And they make war with the
Hagarites
and Jetur
and Naphish
and Nodab
And they made war with the Hagarites
.... Before
mentioned
1 Chronicles 5:19.
with Jetur
and Nephish: with the posterity of
these men
who were sons of Ishmael
Genesis 25:15 and
so was Nodab; perhaps the same with Kedemah
mentioned along with the other two
there; so HillerusF26Onomastic. Sacr. p. 554. thinks.
1 Chronicles 5:20 20 And they were helped
against them
and the Hagrites were delivered into their hand
and all who were
with them
for they cried out to God in the battle. He heeded their prayer
because they put their trust in Him.
YLT
20and they are helped against
them
and the Hagarites are given into their hand
and all who [are] with them
for they cried to God in battle
and He was entreated of them
because they
trusted in Him.
And they were helped against them
.... The Israelites were
helped against the Ishmaelites
to fight with them
and overcome them; either
by their brethren of the house of Israel
as the Targum
those on this side
Jordan; or rather by the Lord
to whom they cried
and who was entreated by
them as follows:
and the Hagarites were delivered into their hand
and all that were
with them; they and their confederates and auxiliaries
the Ituraeans
&c.
for they cried to God in the battle; which at first seems to
have gone against them; and they prayed to God
as the Targum
while they were
fighting
that he would appear for them
and give them victory:
and he was entreated of them; he received their
prayer
as the same paraphrase; he heard them
and answered them:
because they put their trust in him; in his power and
providence
and not in their own strength
courage
and military skill; the
Targum is
"because they trusted in his word.'
1 Chronicles 5:21 21 Then they took away their
livestock—fifty thousand of their camels
two hundred and fifty thousand of
their sheep
and two thousand of their donkeys—also one hundred thousand of
their men;
YLT
21And they take captive their
cattle
of their camels fifty thousand
and of sheep two hundred and fifty
thousand
and of asses two thousand
and of human beings a hundred thousand;
And they took away their cattle
.... Which they brought
with them
and they found in their camp when they fled
or in their fields:
of their camels fifty thousand; with which Arabia
abounded
and were fit to travel with in those hot and desert countries
being
strong to carry burdens
and able to bear much thirst. The Arabians
as
Diodorus SiculusF1Bibliothec. l. 2. p. 137. & l. 3. p. 178. Vid.
Plin. l. 8. c. l8. reports
brought up camels
for almost all the uses of life;
as for the sake of their milk and flesh to feed upon
as well as for carrying
burdens in common; and which in time of war they loaded with provisions for the
army
and fought upon
one of them carrying two archers with their backs to
each other
the one to meet the enemy in front
the other to annoy those that
pursued them; and so the Parthians made use of camels both to fight on
and to
carry provisions for their soldiersF2Tacit. Annal. l. 15. c. 12.
Herodian. l. 4. c. 28
30. :
and of sheep two hundred and fifty thousand; which these
Hagarites kept both for food and clothing
and some of them might be now taken
with them to supply their army; the Spartans carried sheep with them in their
expeditions
as sacrifices to their godsF3Pausan. Boeotica
sive
l.
9. p. 561. ; but it need not be supposed that these creatures
and those that
follow
were in such large numbers with the Hagarites in the battle
but were
afterwards found
partly in their camp
and partly in the places inhabited by
them:
and of asses two thousand; used to ride on
and
carry loads
and also to plough with; and in all these lay the wealth of men in
those times and countries
see Job 1:1.
and of men one hundred thousand; so that they took captive
above as many more as their army consisted of.
1 Chronicles 5:22 22 for many fell dead
because the war was God’s. And they dwelt in their place until the
captivity.
YLT
22for many have fallen
pierced
for of God [is] the battle; and they dwell in their stead till the
removal.
For there fell down many slain
.... Many were killed in
the battle
besides the great number of prisoners made
so that the army the
Ishmaelites brought into the field was very great:
because the war was of God; or from the Word of the
Lord
as the Targum; he stirred up the Israelites to it
directed
assisted
and succeeded them
that vengeance might be taken on this wicked and idolatrous
people:
and they dwelt in their stead until the captivity; the Targum
adds
of Sennacherib king of Assyria; but this captivity of the tribes referred
to was not by him
but by Tilgathpilneser king of Assyria
1 Chronicles 5:26
and they dwelt not in the country of the Arab-hagarites
or Ishmaelites in
their stead there
but in Gilead
as in 1 Chronicles 5:10
which belonged to the Gadites and Reubenites originally
but had been
dispossessed of it
or however distressed in it by these Hagarites
which they
now drove out
and dwelt in their stead; for as for the Scenite-arabs or
Ishmaelites
they never were conquered and brought into subjection by any
people
but always maintained their independencyF4See the notes on
Gen. xvi. 12. and Dan. xi. 41. and a dissertation upon the independency of the
Arabs
at the end of the Universal History
vol. 20. See Gill on Genesis 16:12. See
Gill on Daniel 11:41. ; and
lived upon the plunder of their neighbours
pitching their tents here and there
for their convenience
which in these parts were at this time spoiled.
1 Chronicles 5:23 23 So the children of the
half-tribe of Manasseh dwelt in the land. Their numbers increased from
Bashan to Baal Hermon
that is
to Senir
or Mount Hermon.
YLT
23And the sons of the half of
the tribe of Manasseh dwelt in the land
from Bashan unto Baal-Hermon
and
Senir
and mount Hermon
they have multiplied.
And the children of the half tribe of Manasseh dwelt in the land
.... Not in the
land of the Hagarites
but in the land of Gilead and Bashan beyond Jordan
given them by Moses. The writer
having reckoned the genealogies of some of the
principal men of Reuben and Gad
proceeds to give a short account of some
principal men in this half tribe:
they increased from Bashan; where they first
settled
and extended their possessions:
unto Baalhermon and Senir
and unto Mount Hermon; mountains
which lay to the north of the land of Canaan
and are what geographers call
Antilibanus.
1 Chronicles 5:24 24 These were the
heads of their fathers’ houses: Epher
Ishi
Eliel
Azriel
Jeremiah
Hodaviah
and Jahdiel. They were mighty men of valor
famous men
and heads of
their fathers’ houses.
YLT
24And these [are] heads of
the house of their fathers
even Epher
and Ishi
and Eliel
and Azriel
and
Jeremiah
and Hodaviah
and Jahdiel
men mighty in valour
men of name
heads
to the house of their fathers.
And these were the heads of the house of their fathers
.... Some of
the principal men of this half tribe:
even Epher
and Ishi
and Eliel
and Azriel
and Jeremiah
and
Hodaviah
and Jahdiel; but of none of these we read elsewhere
excepting Hepher and
Azriel
Numbers 26:31.
mighty men of valour
famous men
and heads of the house of their
fathers; men that obtained a name for their strength
courage
and
valour
and military exploits
and were the chiefs of the families in this half
tribe
and by whom they were denominated; so from Hepher were the family of the
Hepherites
and from Azriel the family of the Azrielites
as in the place
before quoted.
1 Chronicles 5:25 25 And they were unfaithful
to the God of their fathers
and played the harlot after the gods of the
peoples of the land
whom God had destroyed before them.
YLT
25And they trespass against
the God of their fathers
and go a-whoring after the gods of the peoples of the
land whom God destroyed from their presence;
And they transgressed against the God their fathers
.... Against
his law
will
word
and ordinances
not only the half tribe of Manasseh
hut
the Reubenites and Gadites also:
and went a whoring after the gods of the people of the land
whom
God destroyed before them; that is
committed idolatry
which is
spiritual fornication or whoredom; worshipped the idols either of the Amorites
who were destroyed by the Lord to make way for their first settlement; or of
the Ishmaelites
whom they conquered
and whose land they dwelt in to the
captivity.
1 Chronicles 5:26 26 So the God of Israel
stirred up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria
that is
Tiglath-Pileser[b] king of
Assyria. He carried the Reubenites
the Gadites
and the half-tribe of Manasseh
into captivity. He took them to Halah
Habor
Hara
and the river of Gozan to
this day.
YLT
26and stir up doth the God of
Israel the spirit of Pul king of Asshur
and the spirit of Tilgath-Pilneser
king of Asshur
and he removeth them -- even the Reubenite
and the Gadite
and
the half of the tribe of Manasseh -- and bringeth them in to Halah
and Habor
and Hara
and the river of Gozan unto this day.
And the God of Israel
.... The Targum
is
"the word of the God of Israel:"
stirred up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria: in the times
of Menahem king of Israel:
and the spirit of Tilgathpilneser; in the times of Pekah
king of Israel
to invade the land
and make war in it:
and he carried them away: not the former
but the
latter:
even the Reubenites
and the Gadites
and the half tribe of
Manasseh; these entirely together
with some other parts of the land
see 2 Kings 15:29.
and brought them unto Halah
and Habor
and Hara
and to the river
Gozan; to the very same places where afterwards Salmaneser carried the
ten tribes
or what remained of them
see 2 Kings 17:6.
unto this day; the times of Ezra
the writer of this book
after the tribe of Judah returned from the captivity of Babylon; but the ten
tribes remained where they were carried
and have not returned even to this
day.
──《John Gill’s
Exposition of the Bible》
New King James
Version (NKJV)