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2 Chronicles Chapter Twenty-six

 

2 Chronicles 26 Outline of Contents

Uzziah Reigns in Judah (v.1~15)

The Penalty for Uzziah’s Pride (v.16~23)

New King James Version (NKJV)

 

INTRODUCTION TO 2 CHRONICLES 26

This chapter relates the good reign of Uzziah 2 Chronicles 26:1 his wars and victories his buildings the number of his soldiers and his military stores 2 Chronicles 26:6 his invasion of the priest's office in attempting to offer incense for which he was smitten with a leprosy which continued to his death 2 Chronicles 26:16.

 

2 Chronicles 26:1  Now all the people of Judah took Uzziah [a] who was sixteen years old and made him king instead of his father Amaziah.

   YLT  1And all the people of Judah take Uzziah (and he [is] a son of sixteen years) and cause him to reign instead of his father Amaziah.

Verses 1-4

Then all the people of Judah took Uzziah .... Of this and the three following verses see the notes on 2 Kings 14:21 where Uzziah is called Azariah. See Gill on 2 Kings 14:21 2 Kings 14:22 2 Kings 15:2 2 Kings 15:3

 

2 Chronicles 26:2  2 He built Elath[b] and restored it to Judah after the king rested with his fathers.

   YLT  2He hath built Eloth and restoreth it to Judah after the king's lying with his fathers.

 

2 Chronicles 26:3  3 Uzziah was sixteen years old when he became king and he reigned fifty-two years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Jecholiah of Jerusalem.

   YLT  3A son of sixteen years [is] Uzziah in his reigning and fifty and two years he hath reigned in Jerusalem and the name of his mother [is] Jecholiah of Jerusalem.

 

2 Chronicles 26:4  4 And he did what was right in the sight of the Lord according to all that his father Amaziah had done.

   YLT  4And he doth that which is right in the eyes of Jehovah according to all that Amaziah his father did

 

2 Chronicles 26:5  5 He sought God in the days of Zechariah who had understanding in the visions[c] of God; and as long as he sought the Lord God made him prosper.

  YLT  5and he is as one seeking God in the days of Zechariah who hath understanding in visions of God: and in the days of his seeking Jehovah God hath caused him to prosper.

And he sought God in the days of Zechariah .... Not that Zechariah the last of the prophets save one he lived three hundred years after this; nor he that Joash slew; but as it may seem a son of his perhaps the same with him in Isaiah 8:2

who had understanding in the visions of God: who either had prophetic visions granted to him or had divine wisdom to interpret such that others had; or as others think had a gift of interpreting the prophecies of others the writings of Moses and David &c. to which the Targum seems to agree; which paraphrases it "who taught in the fear of the Lord;'with which agree the Septuagint Syriac and Arabic versions; some copies read "in the fear of God"; as an ancient manuscript mentioned by Junius and so the TalmudF12Vid. Buxtorf. Lex. in rad. ראה. :

and as long as he sought the Lord God made him to prosper; in his kingdom and against his enemies; even so long as he abode by the word worship and ordinances of God of which instances are given as follow.

 

2 Chronicles 26:6  6 Now he went out and made war against the Philistines and broke down the wall of Gath the wall of Jabneh and the wall of Ashdod; and he built cities around Ashdod and among the Philistines.

   YLT  6And he goeth forth and fighteth with the Philistines and breaketh down the wall of Gath and the wall of Jabneh and the wall of Ashdod and buildeth cities about Ashdod and among the Philistines.

And he went forth and warred against the Philistines .... Who in the times of Jehoram broke in upon Judah and distressed them 2 Chronicles 21:16.

and brake down the wall of Gath; which was one of the five principalities of the Philistines:

and the wall of Jabneh; nowhere else mentioned in Scripture but frequent in the Jewish writings; where the sanhedrim sometimes sat and where was a famous university and from whence sprung many of the Jewish rabbins; it is the same which in some writers is called Jamnia and was a port near to Joppa; and belonged to the tribe of Dan as JosephusF13Antiqu. l. 5. c. 9. sect. 22. writes:

and the wall of Ashdod: another of the principalities of the Philistines the same with the Azotus of the New Testament; he dismantled all these places:

and built cities about Ashdod and among the Philistines; where he placed garrisons to keep them in awe; see Amos 1:8.

 

2 Chronicles 26:7  7 God helped him against the Philistines against the Arabians who lived in Gur Baal and against the Meunites.

   YLT  7And God helpeth him against the Philistines and against the Arabians who are dwelling in Gur-Baal and the Mehunim.

And God helped him against the Philistines .... He did not do all before related of himself and by his own strength but by the help of God; the Targum is"the Word of the Lord helped him:"

and against the Arabians that dwelt in Gurbaal; the same with Gerar according to the Targum; which also belonged to the Philistines and had a king in Abraham's time Genesis 20:1 the same with Askelon another of the five principalities of the Philistines:

and the Mehunims; or the Minaeans as the Septuagint and whom PlinyF14Nat. Hist. l. 6. c. 28. makes mention of among the Arabians; they seem to be the Scenite Arabs; see 2 Chronicles 20:1 or rather as the Targum those that dwelt in the plain of Maon which was in Arabia Petraea.

 

2 Chronicles 26:8  8 Also the Ammonites brought tribute to Uzziah. His fame spread as far as the entrance of Egypt for he became exceedingly strong.

   YLT  8And the Ammonites give a present to Uzziah and his name goeth unto the entering in of Egypt for he strengthened himself greatly.

And the Ammonites gave gifts to Uzziah .... As tributaries to him or; however as desirous to live in friendship with him:

and his name spread abroad even to the entering in of Egypt; so far he carried his arms and conquered the countries that lay between Palestine and Egypt:

for he strengthened himself exceedingly; his kingdom and its coasts from the force of enemies.

 

2 Chronicles 26:9  9 And Uzziah built towers in Jerusalem at the Corner Gate at the Valley Gate and at the corner buttress of the wall; then he fortified them.

   YLT  9And Uzziah buildeth towers in Jerusalem by the gate of the corner and by the gate of the valley and by the angle and strengtheneth them;

Moreover Uzziah built towers in Jerusalem at the corner gate .... Which was broken down by the king of Israel in his father's time 2 Chronicles 25:23 and which he not only repaired but strengthened by building a tower upon it:

and at the valley gate; which led to the valley Nehemiah 2:13 called the valley of the dead bodies in which they were cast and in which the brook Kidron ran Jeremiah 31:40.

and at the turning of the wall; at each of those places he built towers which JosephusF15Antiqu. l. 9. c. 10. sect. 3. says were one hundred and fifty cubits high: and fortified them; put garrisons of soldiers into them.

 

2 Chronicles 26:10  10 Also he built towers in the desert. He dug many wells for he had much livestock both in the lowlands and in the plains; he also had farmers and vinedressers in the mountains and in Carmel for he loved the soil.

   YLT  10and he buildeth towers in the wilderness and diggeth many wells for he had much cattle both in the low country and in the plain husbandmen and vine-dressers in the mountains and in Carmel; for he was a lover of the ground.

Also he built towers in the desert .... In the desert of Arabia to protect travellers from thieves and robbers and particularly shepherds and their flocks as appears by what follows; which a certain writerF16Agreement of Customs between the East Indians and Jews art. 13. p. 61. thinks are the same which the Indians call pagodas; not such as served for temples but were buildings encompassed with good walls where flocks were gathered together in case of any alarm:

and digged many wells; for the watering of the flocks which in those hot and desert places were of great use:

for he had much cattle both in the low country and in the plains; both flocks and herds:

husbandmen also and vinedressers in the mountains; husbandmen to take care of the corn and manure the land for that and gather it when ripe; and vinedressers to prune the vines and look after them; which were very often planted on mountains and on which also corn grew Psalm 72:16.

and in Carmel; a place in the tribe of Judah where Nabal dwelt 1 Samuel 25:2 or it may be put for any fruitful field:

for he loved husbandry; not only the profit but the exercise of it at times; and it was usual with great personages in the eastern countries to employ themselves in some such way; Saul after he was king attended the herd 1 Samuel 11:5 Mesha king of Moab was a sheep master 2 Kings 3:4 among the Romans Quinctius Cincinnatus and Cato MajorF17In Cicero de Senectute. were great lovers of husbandry; and we read of one of the Chinese emperors that gave himself to husbandry held the plough himself broke the clods and cast in the seed to set an example to the whole empireF18Martin. Sinic. Hist. l. 8. p. 326. . Another of their emperors gave himself wholly to husbandryF19Ib. l. 4. p. 92. ; an other chose an husbandman for his successor and who also encouraged husbandryF20Ib. l. 1. p. 29 32. .

 

2 Chronicles 26:11  11 Moreover Uzziah had an army of fighting men who went out to war by companies according to the number on their roll as prepared by Jeiel the scribe and Maaseiah the officer under the hand of Hananiah one of the king’s captains.

   YLT  11And Uzziah hath a force making war going forth to the host by troops in the number of their reckoning by the hand of Jeiel the scribe and Masseiah the officer by the hand of Hananiah [one] of the heads of the king.

Moreover Uzziah had an host of fighting men .... A standing army:

that went out to war by bands; to annoy his enemies and to scour the country from thieves and robbers that came in troops to plunder:

according to the number of their account by the hand of Jeiel the scribe; the secretary of war who ordered these bands settled their number and directed their destination:

and Maaseiah the ruler; or officer over them a lieutenant:

under the hand of Hananiah one of the king's captains; that had the command of them or at least of one of them.

 

2 Chronicles 26:12  12 The total number of chief officers[d] of the mighty men of valor was two thousand six hundred.

   YLT  12The whole number of heads of the fathers of the mighty ones of valour [is] two thousand and six hundred;

The whole number of the chief of the fathers of the mighty men of valour were two thousand six hundred. Who were the commanders and principal officers of his army; and such a number supposed a large army as follows.

 

2 Chronicles 26:13  13 And under their authority was an army of three hundred and seven thousand five hundred that made war with mighty power to help the king against the enemy.

   YLT  13and by their hand [is] the force of the host three hundred thousand and seven thousand and five hundred warriors with mighty power to give help to the king against the enemy.

And under their hand was an army three hundred thousand and seven thousand and five hundred .... Which was larger than that in his father's time by 7500 2 Chronicles 25:5 besides officers:

that made war with mighty power to help the king against the enemy; they were ready to fight and fight valiantly whenever the king had any occasion for them or the land was invaded.

 

2 Chronicles 26:14  14 Then Uzziah prepared for them for the entire army shields spears helmets body armor bows and slings to cast stones.

   YLT  14And Uzziah prepareth for them for all the host shields and spears and helmets and coats of mail and bows even to stones of the slings.

And Uzziah prepared for them throughout all the host .... For every soldier in the army:

shields and spears; defensive and offensive weapons the one to cover and protect their bodies the other to push and pierce their enemies:

and helmets and habergeons; the first of these were a covering for the head in the day of battle and the other coats of mail to defend the body:

and bows; to shoot arrows out of:

and slings to cast stones; at which the Benjaminites formerly were very expert.

 

2 Chronicles 26:15  15 And he made devices in Jerusalem invented by skillful men to be on the towers and the corners to shoot arrows and large stones. So his fame spread far and wide for he was marvelously helped till he became strong.

   YLT  15And he maketh in Jerusalem inventions -- a device of an inventor -- to be on the towers and on the corners to shoot with arrows and with great stones and his name goeth out unto a distance for he hath been wonderfully helped till that he hath been strong.

And he made in Jerusalem engines invented by cunning men to be on the towers and upon the bulwarks to shoot arrows and great stones withal .... Such as with the Romans were called "catapultae" "ballistae"F21Cicero. Tusculan. Quaest. l. 2. Tacit. Hist. l. 3. c. 23. "scorpiones"F23Ammian. Marcellin. l. 23. &c. and by this it appears that these were not first invented in Greece and Rome but in Judea. It is saidF24Vid. Valtrinum de re militari Roman. l. 5. c. 6. that the Romans received the machine to batter cities from the Greeks and that the Trojan horse was no other than a battering ram; but if they did the invention of them must be ascribed not to them but rather to the Syrians and Phoenicians according to PlinyF25Nat. Hist. l. 7. c. 56. ; though othersF26Vitruvius de Architectura l. 10. c. 19. Tertullian. de Pallio c. 1. & Salmasius in ib. Vid. Turnebi Adversaria l. 29. c. 18. suppose the Carthaginians who were a colony of theirs to be the inventors of them; yet after all they seem to be the device of some skilful men among the Jews in the times of Uzziah; according to Diodorus SiculusF1Bibliothec. l. 2. p. 113. they were not found out when Nineveh was besieged in the times of Sardanapalus:

and his name spread far abroad; in distant countries for his warlike dispositions and preparations which made them stand in fear of him:

for he was helped until he was strong; he was wonderfully helped by the Lord to build fortified places raise a numerous army and provide all sorts of armour for them and invent such machines as would greatly annoy the enemy whereby he became very potent and injected dread round about him.

 

2 Chronicles 26:16  16 But when he was strong his heart was lifted up to his destruction for he transgressed against the Lord his God by entering the temple of the Lord to burn incense on the altar of incense.

   YLT  16And at his being strong his heart hath been high unto destruction and he trespasseth against Jehovah his God and goeth in unto the temple of Jehovah to make perfume upon the altar of perfume.

When he was strong .... Became great and powerful through his victories the enlargement of his dominions and having a numerous army and these well accoutred and many fortified cities and towers:

his heart was lifted up to his destruction; he grew vain and proud elated with his flourishing circumstances which issued in his ruin:

for he transgressed against the Lord his God; who had helped him and made him so great and had bestowed so many favours upon him; the Targum is "the Word of the Lord his God;'what his transgression was follows:

and went into the temple of the Lord; the holy place into which none but the priests might enter:

to burn incense upon the altar of incense; which stood there.

 

2 Chronicles 26:17  17 So Azariah the priest went in after him and with him were eighty priests of the Lord—valiant men.

   YLT  17And Azariah the priest goeth in after him and with him priests of Jehovah eighty sons of valour

And Azariah the priest went in after him .... To hinder him from doing it and to persuade him to go out. This was the high priest as appears from 2 Chronicles 26:20 and is thought to be the same that is spoken of in 1 Chronicles 6:10.

and with him eighty priests of the Lord that were valiant men; not only able bodied men but men of spirit and courage and zealous for the honour of God.

 

2 Chronicles 26:18  18 And they withstood King Uzziah and said to him “It is not for you Uzziah to burn incense to the Lord but for the priests the sons of Aaron who are consecrated to burn incense. Get out of the sanctuary for you have trespassed! You shall have no honor from the Lord God.”

   YLT  18and they stand up against Uzziah the king and say to him `Not for thee O Uzziah to make perfume to Jehovah but for priests sons of Aaron who are sanctified to make perfume; go forth from the sanctuary for thou hast trespassed and [it is] not to thee for honour from Jehovah God.'

And they withstood Uzziah the king .... They not only stood against him but stood about him surrounded him so as to hinder him from approaching the altar of incense:

and said unto him it appertaineth not unto thee Uzziah to burn incense unto the Lord; it did not belong to his office as a king it was no part of it

but to the priests the sons of Aaron that are consecrated to burn incense; and to them only; for even the Levites might not do it only those of the tribe of Levi that descended from Aaron see Numbers 16:35

go out of the sanctuary for thou hast trespassed; by going into that:

neither shall it be for thine honour from the Lord God; but to his hurt and be a brand of infamy upon him; for more is designed than is expressed and as the event showed.

 

2 Chronicles 26:19  19 Then Uzziah became furious; and he had a censer in his hand to burn incense. And while he was angry with the priests leprosy broke out on his forehead before the priests in the house of the Lord beside the incense altar.

   YLT  19And Uzziah is wroth and in his hand [is] a censer to make perfume and in his being wroth with the priests -- the leprosy hath risen in his forehead before the priests in the house of Jehovah from beside the altar of perfume.

Then Uzziah was wroth .... With the priests and as JosephusF2Antiqu. l. 9. c. 10. sect. 4. says threatened to kill them:

and had a censer in his hand to burn incense; ready to do it and resolved upon it:

and while he was wroth with the priests; and expressing his indignation and do what he would do to them if they continued to oppose him:

the leprosy even rose up in his forehead before the priests in the house of the Lord from beside the incense altar; which seems not only to describe the position of the priests being beside the altar of incense to keep the king from it when the leprosy was seen by them in his forehead but the quarter from whence the stroke invisibly came. JosephusF3lbid. says there was earthquake at the same time and a mountain was rent.

 

2 Chronicles 26:20  20 And Azariah the chief priest and all the priests looked at him and there on his forehead he was leprous; so they thrust him out of that place. Indeed he also hurried to get out because the Lord had struck him.

   YLT  20And Azariah the head priest looketh unto him and all the priests and lo he [is] leprous in his forehead and they hasten him thence and also he himself hath hastened to go out for Jehovah hath plagued him.

And Azariah the chief priest and all the priests looked upon him and behold he was leprous in his forehead .... He was leprous all over his body no doubt but it appeared in his forehead very remarkably and was seen by them all who without doubt informed him of his case and of which he soon became sensible:

and they thrust him out from thence; the holy place he being now unfit to be in a common dwelling house or his own palace and much less to be in the house of God:

yea himself also hasted to go out because the Lord had smitten him; fearing should he continue there that something worse would befall him; the Targum is the Word of the Lord. The leprosy was a disease sent immediately from God as the case of Miriam and this of Uzziah show; and so the PersiansF4Herodot. Clio sive l. 1. c. 138. had a notion that those had it who sinned against the sun and for that reason and which they accounted and worshipped as God.

 

2 Chronicles 26:21  21 King Uzziah was a leper until the day of his death. He dwelt in an isolated house because he was a leper; for he was cut off from the house of the Lord. Then Jotham his son was over the king’s house judging the people of the land.

   YLT  21And Uzziah the king is a leper unto the day of his death and inhabiteth a separate house -- a leper for he hath been cut off from the house of Jehovah and Jotham his son [is] over the house of the king judging the people of the land.

And Uzziah the king was a leper unto the day of his death and dwelt in a several house being a leper .... See Gill on 2 Kings 15:5

for he was cut off from the house of the Lord; not suffered to enter into that because of his uncleanness:

and Jotham his son was over the king's house judging the people of the land; see 2 Kings 15:5.

 

2 Chronicles 26:22  22 Now the rest of the acts of Uzziah from first to last the prophet Isaiah the son of Amoz wrote.

   YLT  22And the rest of the matters of Uzziah the first and the last hath Isaiah son of Amoz the prophet written;

Now the rest of the acts of Uzziah first and last .... What were done by him both in the beginning and latter end of his reign:

did Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz write: not in his own prophecy but in the history of his own times which was usual for every prophet to write though now lost see 2 Kings 15:6.

 

2 Chronicles 26:23   23 So Uzziah rested with his fathers and they buried him with his fathers in the field of burial which belonged to the kings for they said “He is a leper.” Then Jotham his son reigned in his place.

   YLT  23and Uzziah lieth with his fathers and they bury him with his fathers in the field of the burying-place that the kings have for they said `He [is] a leper;' and reign doth Jotham his son in his stead.

So Uzziah slept with his fathers .... Died as they did the same year according to Dr. LightfootF5Works vol. 1. p. 99. in which he was smitten with the leprosy; and in the year of his death it was Isaiah had the vision related in Isaiah 6:1 &c.

and they buried him with his fathers; See Gill on 2 Kings 15:7.

 

──John Gill’s Exposition of the Bible

 

New King James Version (NKJV)

Footnotes:

  1. 2 Chronicles 26:1 Called Azariah in 2 Kings 14:21
  2. 2 Chronicles 26:2 Hebrew Eloth
  3. 2 Chronicles 26:5 Several Hebrew manuscripts Septuagint Syriac Targum and Arabic read fear.
  4. 2 Chronicles 26:12 Literally chief fathers