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Nehemiah Chapter Ten

 

Nehemiah 10 Outlines

The People Who Sealed the Covenant (v.1~27)

The Covenant That Was Sealed (v.28~39)

New King James Version (NKJV)

 

Nehemiah 10:1. Now those who placed their seal on the document were: Nehemiah the governor the son of Hacaliah and Zedekiah

   YLT And over those sealed [are] Nehemiah the Tirshatha son of Hachaliah and Zidkijah

Verses 1-27

Now those that sealed were ....

That sealed the covenant made Nehemiah 9:38.

Nehemiah the Tirshatha the son of Hachaliah; the governor of the Jews:

and Zidkijah;

who seems also to have been a prince since without it could not be said it was sealed by their princes Nehemiah 9:38 though some think both these were priests and then the princes must be supposed to be among the chief of the people Nehemiah 10:14 from hence to the end of the twenty seventh their names follow; the names of the priests Nehemiah 10:2 who were in all twenty one; no mention is made either of Eliashib the high priest nor of Ezra the priest and scribe; some think the former had not behaved well in his office and that the latter was either sick or returned to Babylon or however hindered by some providence or another since we hear of him both a little before and after Nehemiah 8:2 then the names of the Levites Nehemiah 10:9 in all seventeen most of which we have met with in this book before; next follow the names of the chief of the people Nehemiah 10:14 their number in all forty four; and their names may be observed in the list of those that came out of Babylon with Zerubbabel; the whole number of those that sealed princes priests Levites and chief of the people were eighty four.

 

Nehemiah 10:2. Seraiah Azariah Jeremiah

   YLT Seraiah Azariah Jeremiah

 

Nehemiah 10:3. Pashhur Amariah Malchijah

   YLT Pashhur Amariah Malchijah

 

Nehemiah 10:4. Hattush Shebaniah Malluch

   YLT Huttush Shebaniah Malluch

 

Nehemiah 10:5. Harim Meremoth Obadiah

   YLT Harim Meremoth Obadiah

 

Nehemiah 10:6. Daniel Ginnethon Baruch

   YLT Daniel Ginnethon Baruch

 

Nehemiah 10:7. Meshullam Abijah Mijamin

   YLT Meshullam Abijah Mijamin

 

Nehemiah 10:8. Maaziah Bilgai and Shemaiah. These were the priests.

   YLT Maaziah Bilgai Shemaiah; these [are] the priests.

 

Nehemiah 10:9. The Levites: Jeshua the son of Azaniah Binnui of the sons of Henadad and Kadmiel.

   YLT And the Levites: both Jeshua son of Azaniah Binnui of the sons of Henadad Kadmiel;

 

Nehemiah 10:10. Their brethren: Shebaniah Hodijah Kelita Pelaiah Hanan

   YLT and their brethren: Shebaniah Hodijah Kelita Pelaiah Hanan

 

Nehemiah 10:11. Micha Rehob Hashabiah

   YLT Micha Rehob Hashabiah

 

Nehemiah 10:12. Zaccur Sherebiah Shebaniah

   YLT Zaccur Sherebiah Shebaniah

 

Nehemiah 10:13. Hodijah Bani and Beninu.

   YLT Hodijah Bani Beninu.

 

Nehemiah 10:14. The leaders of the people: Parosh Pahath-Moab Elam Zattu Bani

   YLT Heads of the people: Parosh Pahath-Moab Elam Zatthu Bani

 

Nehemiah 10:15. Bunni Azgad Bebai

   YLT Bunni Azgad Bebai

 

Nehemiah 10:16. Adonijah Bigvai Adin

   YLT Adonijah Bigvai Adin

 

Nehemiah 10:17. Ater Hezekiah Azzur

   YLT Ater Hizkijah Azzur

 

Nehemiah 10:18. Hodijah Hashum Bezai

   YLT Hodijah Hashum Bezai

 

Nehemiah 10:19. Hariph Anathoth Nebai

   YLT Hariph Anathoth Nebai

 

Nehemiah 10:20. Magpiash Meshullam Hezir

   YLT Magpiash Meshullam Hezir

 

Nehemiah 10:21. Meshezabel Zadok Jaddua

   YLT Meshezabeel Zadok Jaddua

 

Nehemiah 10:22. Pelatiah Hanan Anaiah

   YLT Pelatiah Hanan Anaiah

 

Nehemiah 10:23. Hoshea Hananiah Hasshub

   YLT Hoshea Hananiah Hashub

 

Nehemiah 10:24. Hallohesh Pilha Shobek

   YLT Hallohesh Pilha Shobek

 

Nehemiah 10:25. Rehum Hashabnah Maaseiah

   YLT Rehum Hashabnah Maaseiah

 

Nehemiah 10:26. Ahijah Hanan Anan

   YLT and Ahijah Hanan Anan

 

Nehemiah 10:27. Malluch Harim and Baanah.

   YLT Malluch Harim Baanah.

 

Nehemiah 10:28. Now the rest of the people—the priests the Levites the gatekeepers the singers the Nethinim and all those who had separated themselves from the peoples of the lands to the Law of God their wives their sons and their daughters everyone who had knowledge and understanding—

   YLT And the rest of the people the priests the Levites the gatekeepers the singers the Nethinim and every one who hath been separated from the peoples of the lands unto the law of God their wives their sons and their daughters every knowing intelligent one

And the rest of the people ....

That did not sign and seal:

the priests the Levites the porters the singers the Nethinims;

the porters and singers were Levites; but those so called were such as waited upon the priests as the Nethinims were persons that waited on them:

and all they that had separated themselves from the people of the lands unto the law of God;

proselytes who had renounced Heathenism and embraced the true religion had received the law of God and professed to walk according to it:

their wives their sons and their daughters everyone having knowledge and having understanding;

of the nature of the covenant and the things contained in it of what was required of them and of what they promised of the nature of an oath they entered into and of the sin of perjury.

 

Nehemiah 10:29. these joined with their brethren their nobles and entered into a curse and an oath to walk in God’s Law which was given by Moses the servant of God and to observe and do all the commandments of the Lord our Lord and His ordinances and His statutes:

   YLT are laying hold on their brethren their honourable ones and coming in to an execration and in to an oath to walk in the law of God that was given by the hand of Moses servant of God and to observe and to do all the commands of Jehovah our Lord and His judgments and His statutes;

They clave to their brethren their nobles ....

Who had signed and sealed the covenant they declared their approbation of it attended to it and ratified what they had done in their name:

and entered into a curse and into an oath to walk in God's law which was given by Moses the servant of God;

they bound themselves with an oath that they would keep the law of God and added a curse or imprecation on themselves to it should they break it; or according to Piscator they went into the space between the two pieces of the calf which they cut asunder for the confirmation of the covenant and so they cursed themselves if they should break it see Jeremiah 34:18

and to observe and do all the commandments of the Lord our God and his judgments and his statutes;

all the laws moral ceremonial and judicial; this they engaged to do in general; some particulars follow.

 

Nehemiah 10:30. We would not give our daughters as wives to the peoples of the land nor take their daughters for our sons;

   YLT and that we give not our daughters to the peoples of the land and their daughters we take not to our sons;

And that we would not give our daughters unto the people of the land nor take their daughters for our sons ....

Intermarry with them as they had done and were prone to do and even did after this Nehemiah 13:23.

 

Nehemiah 10:31. if the peoples of the land brought wares or any grain to sell on the Sabbath day we would not buy it from them on the Sabbath or on a holy day; and we would forego the seventh year’s produce and the exacting of every debt.

   YLT and the peoples of the land who are bringing in the wares and any corn on the sabbath-day to sell we receive not of them on the sabbath and on a holy day and we leave the seventh year and usury on every hand.

And if the people of the land bring ware ....

Any thing to be sold any sort of goods that being sold might be taken away as the word signifies:

or any victuals on the sabbath day to sell;

anything to make food of; wheat or barley as Aben Ezra interprets it; the same word is rendered corn; see Gill on Genesis 42:1; to sell which was not lawful on the sabbath day see Amos 8:5

that we would not buy it of them on the sabbath or on the holy day;

any festival as the feast of the passover pentecost and tabernacles:

and that we would leave the seventh year:

the ground untilled in that year the vines unpruned and the fruits of the earth which sprung of themselves for the poor to gather Leviticus 25:4

and the exaction of every debt;

that they would not demand the payment of any debt on the seventh year as the law required they should not Deuteronomy 15:2.

 

Nehemiah 10:32. Also we made ordinances for ourselves to exact from ourselves yearly one-third of a shekel for the service of the house of our God:

   YLT And we have appointed for ourselves commands to put on ourselves the third of a shekel in a year for the service of the house of our God

Also we made ordinance for us ....

Laws among themselves binding them to that which the laws of God did not:

to charge ourselves yearly with the third part of a shekel for the service of the house of our God;

the particulars of which follow in the next verse; for the defraying of which there used to be a treasury in the temple; but now there was none and therefore they took this method to assess themselves; and being poor instead of the half shekel which in some cases was required they only charged themselves with the third part of one; though Aben Ezra thinks this was added to the half shekel and was paid over and above that; according to BrerewoodF1De Pond. & Pret. Vet. Num. c. 1. it was of the value of ten pence of our money: WaserusF2De Antiqu. Num. Heb. l. 2. has given us the figure of one of these coins with this inscription a "third" part of a shekel of Israel.

 

Nehemiah 10:33. for the showbread for the regular grain offering for the regular burnt offering of the Sabbaths the New Moons and the set feasts; for the holy things for the sin offerings to make atonement for Israel and all the work of the house of our God.

   YLT for bread of the arrangement and the continual present and the continual burnt-offering of the sabbaths of the new moons for appointed seasons and for holy things and for sin-offerings to make atonement for Israel even all the work of the house of our God.

For the shewbread ....

To defray the expenses of the twelve loaves which every week were set on the table of shewbread Leviticus 24:5

and for the continual meat offering and for the continual burnt offering;

for the daily sacrifice morning and evening which always had a meat offering along with it Exodus 29:38

of the sabbaths and of the new moons;

on which were additional sacrifices Numbers 28:9

and for the set feasts;

of passover pentecost and tabernacles; in which also were offered other sacrifices besides the daily one Numbers 28:16

and for the holy things:

which were both by way of thanksgiving to God and that they might feast and rejoice together:

and for the sin offerings to make an atonement for Israel;

for the whole body of the people and so were made at the public expense:

and for all the work of the house of our God;

whatever else was necessary that is not mentioned.

 

Nehemiah 10:34. We cast lots among the priests the Levites and the people for bringing the wood offering into the house of our God according to our fathers’ houses at the appointed times year by year to burn on the altar of the Lord our God as it is written in the Law.

   YLT And the lots we have caused to fall for the offering of wood [among] the priests the Levites and the people to bring in to the house of our God by the house of our fathers at times appointed year by year to burn on the altar of Jehovah our God as it is written in the law

And we cast the lots among the priests the Levites and the people ....

The priests and Levites were in one lot and the people in another as Aben Ezra:

for the wood offering;

for providing wood to burn upon the altar continually concerning which MaimonidesF3Hilchot Cele Hamikdash c. 6. sect. 9 10. Vid. Maimon. & Bartenora in Misn. Taanith c. 4. sect. 5. thus writes:"what is the wood offering? there was a time fixed for families to go out unto the forests and bring in wood of disposition (to be laid in order on the altar); and the day when it came to the turn of a family to bring the wood they offered up freewill burnt offerings which were called a wood offering; and it was to them as a good day (or festival) and they were forbid to mourn fast or do any work on it;'and he observes that if a single person brought wood of his own free will he was obliged to the same; and JosephusF4De Bello Jud. l. 2. c. 17. sect. 6. speaks of a feast called χυλοφορια when it was customary for all to bring wood to the altar to keep alive the sacred fire that it might not go out which according to him was on the fourteenth of the month Lois or August; but this was not the business of all the people lots were cast as here said who should do it and when:

to bring it into the house of our God;

the temple where there was a place called the "wood room" into which the wood was brought after it had been wormed by the priestsF5See Lightfoot's Prospect of the Temple ch. 25. .

after the houses of our fathers;

or families on whom the lot fell to do it: some render it:

into the house of our fathers

meaning the same as before; the temple so called because they built it and worshipped God in it; so Jarchi and Aben Ezra:

at times appointed year by year;

as the lot directed; these according to the Jewish doctorsF6Misn. Taanith c. 4. sect. 5. were nine times in the year; on the first of Nisan (or March) the sons of Arach of the tribe of Judah brought the wood; on the twentieth of Tammuz (or June) the posterity of David of the tribe of Judah; on the fifth of Ab (or July) the children of Parosh of the tribe of Judah; on the seventh of the same month the sons of Jonadab the son of Rechab; on the tenth of the same month the posterity of Senaah of the tribe of Benjamin; on the fifteenth of the same month the children of Zattu and with them the priests and Levites and all who were of an uncertain tribe &c. on the twentieth of the same month the posterity of Pahathmoab of the tribe of Judah; on the twentieth of Elul (or August) the children of Adin of the tribe of Judah; on the first of Tebeth (or December) the posterity of Parosh again brought the wood:

to burn upon the altar of the Lord our God as it is written in the law;

the wood should be burnt upon it and fire kept on it continually Leviticus 6:12 for this refers only to that the wood offering is nowhere spoken of in the law.

 

Nehemiah 10:35. And we made ordinances to bring the firstfruits of our ground and the firstfruits of all fruit of all trees year by year to the house of the Lord;

   YLT and to bring in the first fruits of our ground and the first fruits of all fruit of every tree year by year to the house of Jehovah

And to bring the firstfruits of our ground ....

Not that they cast lots to do this but they bound themselves with an oath according to the law to do it; this is the first of all the fruits of the earth Exodus 23:19 though Aben Ezra restrains it to the sheaf of the firstfruits and to the two wave loaves Leviticus 23:10

and the firstfruits of all fruit of all trees;

which as Aben Ezra observes their wise men restrain to the seven kinds only mentioned in Deuteronomy 8:8.

 

Nehemiah 10:36. to bring the firstborn of our sons and our cattle as it is written in the Law and the firstborn of our herds and our flocks to the house of our God to the priests who minister in the house of our God;

   YLT and the firstlings of our sons and of our cattle as it is written in the law and the firstlings of our herds and our flocks to bring in to the house of our God to the priests who are ministering in the house of our God.

Also the firstborn of our sons and of our cattle ....

Such as were unclean as Aben Ezra notes as the ass &c. and are distinguished from clean ones mentioned in the following clause; now both these their sons and this sort of cattle were to be redeemed by a price paid to the priests: as it is written in the law Exodus 13:2

and the firstlings of our herds and of our flocks;

clean cattle which were to be offered Numbers 18:17

to bring to the house of our God unto the priests that minister in the house of our God;

a price for the one sort and the other for sacrifice.

 

Nehemiah 10:37. to bring the firstfruits of our dough our offerings the fruit from all kinds of trees the new wine and oil to the priests to the storerooms of the house of our God; and to bring the tithes of our land to the Levites for the Levites should receive the tithes in all our farming communities.

   YLT And the beginning of our dough and our heave-offerings and the fruit of every tree of new wine and of oil we bring in to the priests unto the chambers of the house of our God and the tithe of our ground to the Levites; and they -- the Levites -- have the tithes in all the cities of our tillage;

And that we should bring the first fruits of our dough ....

According to the law in Numbers 15:20

and our offerings;

their heave offerings Numbers 18:8

and the fruit of all manner of trees;

bore by them on the fourth year after their planting Leviticus 19:23

of wine and oil;

to which Aben Ezra restrains the fruit of the trees see Numbers 18:12 all these they were to bring

unto the priests to the chambers the house of our God;

there to be laid up for the use of it; and oil and wine were frequently used in sacrifices:

and the tithes of our ground unto the Levites that the same Levites might have the tithes in all the cities of our village;

the tenth part of the produce of their agriculture everywhere throughout the land see Numbers 18:21.

 

Nehemiah 10:38. And the priest the descendant of Aaron shall be with the Levites when the Levites receive tithes; and the Levites shall bring up a tenth of the tithes to the house of our God to the rooms of the storehouse.

   YLT and the priest son of Aaron hath been with the Levites in the tithing of the Levites and the Levites bring up the tithe of the tithe to the house of our God unto the chambers to the treasure-house;

And the priest the son of Aaron shall be with the Levites when the Levites take tithes ....

There was always to be a priest with the Levites at such times to take notice what quantity they received that they might not be under any temptation or lie under any suspicion of defrauding the priests of their due who were to have a part in the tithes as follows:

and the Levites shall bring up the tithe of the tithes unto the house of our God to the chambers into the treasure house:

which were in the court of the priests for that purpose; for out of the tithes of the Levites there was another tithe or tenth part taken and given to the priests see Numbers 18:26.

 

Nehemiah 10:39. For the children of Israel and the children of Levi shall bring the offering of the grain of the new wine and the oil to the storerooms where the articles of the sanctuary are where the priests who minister and the gatekeepers and the singers are; and we will not neglect the house of our God.

   YLT for unto the chambers do they bring in -- the sons of Israel and the sons of Levi -- the heave-offering of the corn the new wine and the oil and there [are] vessels of the sanctuary and the priests those ministering and the gatekeepers and the singers and we do not forsake the house of our God.

For the children of Israel and the children of Levi shall bring the offering of the corn of the new wine and the oil unto the chambers ....

In the temple:

where are the vessels of the sanctuary;

to put the said things into that they might be ready at hand when wanted as they often were for the meat and drink offerings:

and the priests that minister and the porters and the singers;

who dwelt there when in their ministrations and were supported by the above tithes and gifts:

and we will not forsake the house of our God;

neither forsake the assembling themselves there for worship nor neglect to make the necessary provisions for the service of it as they had too much done but now resolve for the future to behave better.

 

──John Gill’s Exposition of the Bible