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Nehemiah Chapter Ten

 

Nehemiah 10

Chapter Contents

The covenant Those who signed it. (1-31) Their engagement to sacred rites. (32-39)

Commentary on Nehemiah 10:1-31

(Read Nehemiah 10:1-31)

Conversion is separating from the course and custom of this world devoting ourselves to the conduct directed by the word of God. When we bind ourselves to do the commandments of God it is to do all his commandments and to look to him as the Lord and our Lord.

Commentary on Nehemiah 10:32-39

(Read Nehemiah 10:32-39)

Having covenanted against the sins of which they had been guilty they obliged themselves to observe the duties they had neglected. We must not only cease to do evil but learn to do well. Let not any people expect the blessing of God unless they keep up public worship. It is likely to go well with our houses when care is taken that the work of God's house goes on well. When every one helps and every one gives though but little toward a good work the whole will come to be a large sum. We must do what we can in works of piety and charity; and whatever state we are placed in cheerfully perform our duty to God which will be the surest way to ease and liberty. As the ordinances of God are the appointed means of support to our souls the believer will not grudge the expense; yet most people leave their souls to starve.

── Matthew HenryConcise Commentary on Nehemiah

 

Nehemiah 10

Verse 1

[1] Now those that sealed were Nehemiah the Tirshatha the son of Hachaliah and Zidkijah

Sealed — Both in their own names and in the name of all the rest. It may seem strange that Ezra doth not appear among them. But that might be because he was prevented by some sickness or other extraordinary impediment. It is true we meet with Ezra after this at the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem chap. 12:36 and therefore he was then freed from this impediment whatsoever it was.

Verse 29

[29] They clave to their brethren their nobles and entered into a curse and into an oath to walk in God's law which was given by Moses the servant of God and to observe and do all the commandments of the LORD our Lord and his judgments and his statutes;

Their nobles — The commonality agreed with the nobles in this good work great men never look so great as when they encourage religion and are examples of it: and they would by that as much as any thing make an interest in the most valuable of their inferiors who would cleave to them closer than they can imagine. Observe their nobles are called their brethren; for in the things of God rich and poor high and low meet together.

They cleave — They ratified what the others had done in their names declaring their assent to it.

Verse 31

[31] And if the people of the land bring ware or any victuals on the sabbath day to sell that we would not buy it of them on the sabbath or on the holy day: and that we would leave the seventh year and the exaction of every debt.

People of the land — The Heathens.

On the sabbath — They that covenant to keep all the commandments of God must particularly covenant to keep the sabbath holy. For the profanation of this is a sure inlet to all manner of profaneness.

── John WesleyExplanatory Notes on Nehemiah

                             

 

10 Chapter 10

 

Verses 1-39

Nehemiah 10:1-39

Now those that sealed were Nehemiah.

Covenanting with God -

I. The parties entering the covenant.

1. Nehemiah the governor. This is true greatness in the sight of God to be foremost in consecration to the service of religion and to stand among His people in trying times.

2. The priests. It is remarkable that the name of Eliashib the high-priest does not appear in this list. It is honourable to the rest of the priests that notwithstanding this defection of their chief so many of them set their hands to this holy bond.

3. The Levites. We observe among them almost all the names of those who took part in the previous solemnities of this memorable day. It is well when those who are eminent in devotion are also eminent for devotedness. It sometimes happens that those who are gifted in prayer are not distinguished for holy practice.

4. The chiefs of the nation. This fidelity to the cause of truth adds a lustre to all earthly glory and sets an ornament of grace on the noblest brow.

5. The rest of the people. It is a blessed thing when whole families thus unite together in the faith of Christ and the life of religion.

II. The engagements of the covenant.

1. Sins to be renounced. It is vain to make loud profession of spiritual experience and of devotion to the Saviour unless besetting sins are abandoned and a new course of obedience begun.

2. Duties to be performed.

All vow to work for God each in his own place according to the Divine will at the appointed times and unwearied in well-doing. Henry Martyn wrote: “With resignation and peace I can look forward to a life of labour and seclusion from earthly comforts while Jesus stands near changing me into His holy image. How happy and honoured am I in being suffered to be a missionary.” And Levi Parsons testified: “I can subscribe with my hand to be for ever the Lord’s to be sent anywhere to do anything to endure any hardship live and die a missionary.”

III. The inferences deducible from the covenant.

1. We here see the propriety of religious covenanting.

2. The obligation in covenanting established. When you devote yourself to the Lord in covenant to obey the precepts of His Word your essential obligation is not strengthened or altered; it is merely recognised by you and promised to be fulfilled.

3. The benefits from covenanting illustrated. (W. Ritchie.)

Covenant comfort

Christmas Evans after being sorely tried was led to enter afresh into personal covenant with God; and such was the joy in God which followed that he said of it After forming this covenant I felt great calmness and peace. I had the feelings of a poor man who has just come under the protection of the Royal Family and has obtained a pension for life the dreadful tear of poverty and want having left his house for ever. I felt the safety and shelter which the little chickens feel under the wings of the hen.” (The Thinker.)

A national covenant

On February 25 1688 a memorable scene was witnessed in the churchyard of Greyfriars Edinburgh. The National Covenant to maintain Presbyterianism and to resist contrary errors having been numerously signed within the church the parchment was subsequently placed upon the flat tombstone still extant of Boswell of Auchinleck where many others to show their determination to die rather than yield signed it with blood from their arms. History testifies that numbers of them endured much suffering rather than violate their pledge. If frail men will so keep their promise much more must the Omnipotent (God honour His covenant. (The Thinker.)


Verses 1-39

Nehemiah 10:1-39

Now those that sealed were Nehemiah.

Covenanting with God -

I. The parties entering the covenant.

1. Nehemiah the governor. This is true greatness in the sight of God to be foremost in consecration to the service of religion and to stand among His people in trying times.

2. The priests. It is remarkable that the name of Eliashib the high-priest does not appear in this list. It is honourable to the rest of the priests that notwithstanding this defection of their chief so many of them set their hands to this holy bond.

3. The Levites. We observe among them almost all the names of those who took part in the previous solemnities of this memorable day. It is well when those who are eminent in devotion are also eminent for devotedness. It sometimes happens that those who are gifted in prayer are not distinguished for holy practice.

4. The chiefs of the nation. This fidelity to the cause of truth adds a lustre to all earthly glory and sets an ornament of grace on the noblest brow.

5. The rest of the people. It is a blessed thing when whole families thus unite together in the faith of Christ and the life of religion.

II. The engagements of the covenant.

1. Sins to be renounced. It is vain to make loud profession of spiritual experience and of devotion to the Saviour unless besetting sins are abandoned and a new course of obedience begun.

2. Duties to be performed.

All vow to work for God each in his own place according to the Divine will at the appointed times and unwearied in well-doing. Henry Martyn wrote: “With resignation and peace I can look forward to a life of labour and seclusion from earthly comforts while Jesus stands near changing me into His holy image. How happy and honoured am I in being suffered to be a missionary.” And Levi Parsons testified: “I can subscribe with my hand to be for ever the Lord’s to be sent anywhere to do anything to endure any hardship live and die a missionary.”

III. The inferences deducible from the covenant.

1. We here see the propriety of religious covenanting.

2. The obligation in covenanting established. When you devote yourself to the Lord in covenant to obey the precepts of His Word your essential obligation is not strengthened or altered; it is merely recognised by you and promised to be fulfilled.

3. The benefits from covenanting illustrated. (W. Ritchie.)

Covenant comfort

Christmas Evans after being sorely tried was led to enter afresh into personal covenant with God; and such was the joy in God which followed that he said of it After forming this covenant I felt great calmness and peace. I had the feelings of a poor man who has just come under the protection of the Royal Family and has obtained a pension for life the dreadful tear of poverty and want having left his house for ever. I felt the safety and shelter which the little chickens feel under the wings of the hen.” (The Thinker.)

A national covenant

On February 25 1688 a memorable scene was witnessed in the churchyard of Greyfriars Edinburgh. The National Covenant to maintain Presbyterianism and to resist contrary errors having been numerously signed within the church the parchment was subsequently placed upon the flat tombstone still extant of Boswell of Auchinleck where many others to show their determination to die rather than yield signed it with blood from their arms. History testifies that numbers of them endured much suffering rather than violate their pledge. If frail men will so keep their promise much more must the Omnipotent (God honour His covenant. (The Thinker.)


Verses 28-30

Nehemiah 10:28-30

And all they that had separated themselves from the people of the lands unto the law of God.

A genuine revival

1. The crucial test of any revival is the extent to which it actually purifies and reforms the lives of those who come under its influence.

2. This is the kind of revival which ever and again we all need. For we are constantly liable to fall below the level of our Christian privileges. We are also apt to grow blind to out” own defects and to under-estimate the extent of our own shortcomings. We have need to bring our lives into the light of God’s holy law and into the light of the life of Christ that our consciences may be awakened to a truer and deeper penitence.

3. A repentance which is the fruit of A true revival of the religious life naturally goes into the details of conduct. (T. Campbell Finlayson.)

And that we would not give our daughters unto the people of the land.

Marriage and purity

Wherever I find a purely savage life which means life eaten up by impure sin there I also find no capacity in the life to advance and grow. You have an instance in the case of Africa the life of which has not moved for a couple of thousand years simply because it is soaked with impurity. Turning to the earliest efforts of civilisation as recorded in the Bible I find men making effort after effort getting a little way and then each effort vanishing in a sink of impure sin. Life ought to grow if natural but if impurity is natural it is natural to stagnate never to grow to fall to pieces and for civilisations to be swept out by weakness and impotence. The history of our European civilisation is the history of the gradual rise in the idea of marriage and purity. (Canon Scott-Holland.)


Verse 31

Nehemiah 10:31

And if the people of the land bring ware or any victuals on the sabbath day to all

The profit of Sabbath-keeping

John Brand was an old Cornish fisherman.
The fishing had not been good for some days the water had been wild and stormy; but at length on the Sunday the weather became fine and the other fishermen said “We would keep Sunday--but--we have had so few fish lately; and we are sorry to go out to-day--but--the weather is so good. It is a pity; we would not go if we were not so poor.” “What!” said honest John “are you going to break God’s laws with your ifs and buts? Better be poor than be wicked. My religion is not the kind that shifts with the wind. ‘Thou shalt remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy’--that is enough for me.” So he persuaded them and they took his advice and spent the day in worshipping God. And it was well they did so; for that night just when the boats would have been coming back a terrible storm suddenly burst over the deep and lasted two days. Any boat out in that weather would certainly have been wrecked. But two days after the beautiful weather returned and more fish were taken then than had been caught for weeks before. No; no one ever yet lost by obeying God. Be you like John Brand; be thorough honest and God-fearing in and out; do not have a religion like a weathercock that shifts with the wind or one that can be broken with An “if” or a “but.” (J. Reid Howatt.)

The Sabbath beneficial

In a prize essay on the Sabbath written by a journeyman printer in Scotland there appears the following striking passage: “Yoke-fellows think how the abstraction of the Sabbath would hopelessly enslave the working-classes with whom we are identified. Think of the labour thus going on in one monotonous and continuous and eternal cycle--limbs for ever on the rack the fingers for ever plying the eyeballs for ever straining the brow for ever sweating the feet for ever plodding the brain for ever throbbing the shoulders for ever drooping the loins for ever aching and the restless mind for ever scheming! Think of the beauty it would efface of the merry-heartedness it would extinguish of the giant strength it would tame of the resources of nature it would exhaust of the aspirations it would crush of the sickness it would breed of the projects it would wreck of the groans it would extort of the lives it would immolate of the cheerless graves it would prematurely dig! See them toiling and moiling sweating and fretting grinding and hewing weaving and spinning sowing and gathering mowing and reaping raising mad building digging mad planting unloading and storing striving and struggling--in the garden and in the field in the granary and in the barn in the factory and in the mill in the warehouse and in the shop on the mountain and in the ditch on the roadside and in the wood in the city and in the country on the sea and on the shore on the earth in days of brightness and of gloom. What a sad picture would the world present if we had no Sabbath!”


Verses 32-39

Nehemiah 10:32-39

Also we made ordinances for us to charge ourselves yearly with the third part of a shekel.

Voluntary taxation

Not to enter upon the thorny path of endowed or voluntary religion nor to inquire whether tithes are coeval with the first man and binding upon the present age let us maintain--

I. That the church supposes an edifice. God may be worshipped in any house. Experience has taught the convenience and value of a house of God. The edifice must be built and maintained.

II. That a church requires a minister. “No man can rightly labour in the Word and doctrine without diligent and habitual Biblical study; no man can conduct such study without the renunciation of secular pursuits; no man can abandon such pursuits without an adequate and guaranteed salary from the Church in which he teaches for which he labours.” The ministry must be sustained.

III. That a church is a brotherhood. “The rich and poor meet together.” “The poor ye have always with you.” In a Church sense “if any provide not for his own house he hath denied the faith.”

IV. That a church is a missionary organisation. It has duties both at home and abroad. The Word of God must be translated the masses evangelised society leavened. A true Church must of necessity be a generous Church. It gets to give (Homiletical Commentary.)


Verse 35

Nehemiah 10:35

And to bring the first-fruits of our ground.

A fruit-service

We notice in this text--

I. Willinghood. “And to bring.” It was no tax. Love is its own tax-levier and it ever gathers the richest the ripest and the best fruit. When a Church or a community is filled with love you need have no fear for revenue.

II. Precedence “First-fruits.” In all things Christ must have the “pre-eminence.” He must be Alpha.

III. Universal lordship. First-fruits of “all trees.” He is Lord of all. So it is with the fruit of our souls. Jesus claims tribute from all provinces of our nature. He is not satisfied with actions. He claims the captivity of our thoughts. He wants not only the first-fruits of our emotions of penitence but also of our gratitude our adoration our trust and our love. Let us see that His flag is waving over every province of our nature and that we give to Him the first-fruits of conscience and meditation of imagination and memory of ardent love and submissive will.

IV. Annual offering. “Year by year.” We should lose the consciousness of advancing time if it were not for our birthdays. We should miss much of occasions for gratitude if it were not for Iced-time and harvest summer and winter. The living earth reminds us of the living God who supplies all we need. (W. M. Statham.)


Verse 37

Nehemiah 10:37

And the tithes.

Tithes

Without inquiring into the reason for which the number ten has been so frequently preferred as a number of selection in the ones of tribute offerings both sacred and secular voluntary and compulsory we may remark that numerous instances of its use are found both in profane and also in Biblical history prior to or independently of the appointment of the Levitical tithes under the law. In Biblical history the two prominent instances are--

1. Abram presenting the tenth of his property according to the Syrian and Arabic versions of Hebrews 7:1-28. but as the passages themselves appear to show of the spoils of his victory to Melchisedek (Genesis 14:20; Hebrews 7:2-6).

2. Jacob after his vision at Luz devoting a tenth of all his property to God in case he should return home in safety (Genesis 28:22). These instances bear witness to the antiquity of tithes in some shape or other previous to the Mosaic tithe system. But numerous instances are to he found of the practice of heathen nations Greeks Ronians Carthaginians Arabians of applying tenths derived from property in general from spoil from confiscated goods or from commercial profits to sacred and quasi-sacred and also to fiscal purposes viz. as consecrated to a deity presented as a reward to a successful general set apart as a tribute to a sovereign or as a permanent source of revenue. (Smith’s Bible Dictionary.)

Giving as a means of character culture

God carries on His cause in the world by the aid of His people. He is constantly calling on us to give now to this cause and now to that. Why so? Surely He to whom the silver and gold belong has no need of us to help forward His work. He could if He would do it much more efficiently without us. But He is striving to educate us into resemblance to Christ and meetness for heaven. If a father could place his child where he would be habitually giving giving in the expression of a benevolent sympathy and helpfulness he would be putting him under the most efficient of all means for the development in him of a truly Christian or Christlike spirit. He would be conferring on him one of the richest possible blessings. This is the blessing which our heavenly Father is trying to bestow upon us in surrounding us as He does with those who need our sympathy and help. If we gratefully recognise our Father’s wise and loving design and so far as we can give our help with a truly Christian spirit our contributions will do more good to us who give than to those who receive them. Every such expression of Christian love will leave an impress on our character which we shall carry with us for ever. It will develop into augmented power and more absolute supremacy within us that Christlike spirit without which we can never walk the golden streets. We need then to cultivate the habit of giving as much as the habit of praying.


Verse 39

Nehemiah 10:39

And we will not forsake the house of our God.

Zeal for the sanctuary

Why should we say of “the habitation of God’s house ” “We will not forsake it”?

1. God has clearly ordained public worship. He made man to be social--social in virtue of his sorrows joys wants affections and relationships. He also made man to be social in things spiritual. The isolation of selfishness is sin. Union is cherished by communion and communion strengthened by public worship. Jesus honoured the temple. The faithful in every age have desired to dwell in the house of the Lord.

2. The special manifestations of the Divine presence vouch-salad in the congregations of the saints ought to endear to us such privileged scenes.

3. As the sanctuary has been the place of the Lord’s rest so has it been the scene where He has imparted the richest gifts to His worshippers.

4. The servant of God will love the courts of the Lord and not forsake them because in them he tastes most of heaven below. You cannot form a better conception of heaven than by fixing on the happiest Sabbath and the happiest hour of worship on the happiest Sabbath you ever enjoyed in the assembly of the saints. (Canon Stowell.)

Zeal for God’s house expressed in a holy resolution not to forsake it

I. A resolution well becoming Christians themselves. This resolution comprehends the following particulars:

1. That we will never cast off the profession of our faith nor make a defection from the truth and ways of the gospel for any cause nor upon any account whatsoever.

2. That we will not neglect the ordinances of Divine worship nor be wanting in our attendance on them whenever we are called and have an opportunity of appearing before God in His house.

3. That we will promote as far as in us lies the interests of religion and spread the kingdom of Christ in the world.

II. It is not only lawful but may be useful and expedient for Christians in societies to engage themselves to God and the duties they owe to him and one another.

III. Offer reasons both for making this resolution and obliging ourselves to make it good.

1. Because it is God’s house.

2. Because our particular good is lodged in the public interest.

3. This is the noblest way of imitating the great God Himself and conforming to the example of our blessed Saviour.

4. This makes men real blessings to the world. Such men really are the strength and security of a nation. For their sakes God sometimes preserves others from those judgments which their crying sins would otherwise pull down upon their guilty heads. Sodom had been preserved for the sake of ten righteous men could so many have been found in the place.

5. This will be our rejoicing and comfort another day. Application: Having made this resolution we must oblige ourselves to make it good. Because of the inconstancy and deceitfulness of our hearts. Such engagements will help to fix us more firmly in the interests of religion and make us more successful in resisting all temptations to apostasy. Hereby we are rendered more capable of serving the interests of religion. A force when united becomes the stronger. The joint concurrence of many gives a great advantage to a design and a better prospect of success. (Matthew Clarke.)

Attachment to God’s house

Consider--

I. The resolution itself: “We will not forsake ” etc. This resolution includes--

1. Constant and regular attendance.

2. A lively interest in its welfare and prosperity.

II. The grounds of this resolution.

1. Our gracious union with God. All connected with God should be dear and sacred to us--His Word ordinances people; therefore His house.

2. Our clear and imperative duty. Public worship is of His own appointment.

3. Our public profession.

4. The special advantages we shall derive from it. Exaltation of desires; soul elevation; enlargement of mind; soul enrichment with all spiritual blessings in Christ. “A day in Thy courts is better than a thousand ” etc. “They that wait upon the Lord ” etc.

5. The connection of the house of God with the celestial world. It is “the gate of heaven.”

Application:

1. Where professors are indifferent to the welfare of God’s house it is an unfailing indication that the heart is not right with God.

2. Let the subject inspire the sincere friends of Christ to more ardent zeal for the diffusion of the Divine glory.

3. How suited is God’s house to every description. The reckless here are warned the supine aroused the inquirer directed the mourner comforted the faithful established etc. (J. Burns D. D.)

──The Biblical Illustrator