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Job Chapter Thirty-three

 

Job 33 Outline of Contents

Elihu Contradicts Job (v.1~33)

New King James Version (NKJV)

 

INTRODUCTION TO JOB 33

In this chapter Elihu addresses Job himself and entreats his attention to what he had to say to him and offers several things to induce him to it; and recommends himself as one that was according to his wish in the stead of God a man like himself and of whom he had no reason to be afraid Job 33:1; and then he brings a charge against him of things which he himself had heard of words that had dropped from him in the course of his controversy with his friends; in which he too much and too strongly insisted on his own innocence and purity and let fill very undue and unbecoming reflections on the dealings of God with him Job 33:8; to which he gives an answer by observing the superior greatness of God to man and his sovereignty over him not being accountable to him for anything done by him; and therefore man should be silent and submissive to him Job 33:12; and yet though he is so great and so absolute and uncontrollable and is not obliged to give an account of his affairs to man and the reasons of them; yet he condescends by various ways and means to instruct him in his mind and will and even by these very things complained of; and therefore should not be treated as if unkind and unfriendly to men; sometimes he does it by dreams and visions when he opens the ears of men and seals instruction to them and with this view to restrain them from their evil purposes and doings and to weaken their pride and humble them and preserve them from ruin Job 33:14; and sometimes by chastening and afflictive providences which are described Job 33:19; and which become teaching ones; through the interposition of a divine messenger and upon the afflicted man's prayer to God and humiliation before him God is gracious and favourable to him and delivers him; which is frequently the design and the use that he makes of chastening dispensations Job 33:23; and the chapter is concluded with beseeching Job to mark and consider well what had been said unto him and to answer it if he could or thought fit; if not silently to attend to what he had further to say to him for his instruction Job 33:31.

 

Job 33:1  “But please Job hear my speech And listen to all my words.
   YLT 
1And yet I pray thee O Job Hear my speech and [to] all my words give ear.

Wherefore Job I pray thee hear my speeches .... In the preceding chapter Elihu directed his discourse to the three friends of Job chiefly here to Job himself and that by name; which none of his friends in all their discourses ever used; and in an humble suppliant manner entreats his attention to what he was about to deliver and that for reasons which his address to his friends could furnish him with; and hence begins his speech with "wherefore" seeing he took not the part of his three friends but blamed them; and because he had the Spirit of God in him and was full of matter and uneasy until he had vented it; and which he proposed to deliver in a plain and faithful manner with sincerity and without flattery; on all which accounts be beseeches him to give him a diligent and attentive hearing:

and hearken to all my words; not to some of them only but to all; he bespeaks his candid and constant attention that he would hear him out all that he had to say with patience and without interruption; and then judge of the truth force and pertinency of them; which he would not so well be able to do unless he heard them all; for sometimes the proof the evidence and demonstration of a thing depends not on a single argument but upon many put together; each of them alone being insufficient at least may appear so when all considered together give full satisfaction.

 

Job 33:2  2 Now I open my mouth; My tongue speaks in my mouth.
   YLT 
2Lo I pray thee I have opened my mouth My tongue hath spoken in the palate.

Behold now I have opened my mouth .... Begun to speak in order to give vent to the fulness of matter within him which made him like bottles of new wine ready to burst; and since he had opened his lips that he might speak and be refreshed he desires Job to listen to him and offers same things to his consideration to induce him to it:

my tongue hath spoken in my mouth: but does not every man's tongue speak in his mouth when he speaks? is there anything singular and peculiar in this that can excite attention? it may be rendered "in my palate"F4בחכי "in palato meo" Pagninus Montanus Tigurine version Beza Schultens; so Mr. Broughton. ; which as it is an instrument of speech so of tasting and trying food see Job 6:30; and Elihu's sense is that he had thoroughly considered what he should say he had well weighed what he should speak and should not deliver anything raw crude and undigested; he had palated his words in order to discern whether there was anything in them perverse or not.

 

Job 33:3  3 My words come from my upright heart; My lips utter pure knowledge.
   YLT 
3Of the uprightness of my heart [are] my sayings And knowledge have my lips clearly spoken.

My words shall be of the uprightness of my heart .... Not that the uprightness of his heart or his own personal integrity should be the subject of his discourse; but what he should say would be in or out of the uprightness of his heart with all sincerity and faithfulness; what would be the real sentiments of his mind and not proceed from a double or insincere heart:

and my lips shall utter knowledge clearly; what knowledge he had of God and of the perfections of his nature and of his works in nature and grace and of his dealings in a providential way with the sons of men; and what knowledge he had of Christ his person office and grace somewhat of which speaks in this chapter; and such sort of knowledge is to be uttered to be published and made known to the good of others; and not to be concealed and hid or held as in a prison in unrighteousness; and to be uttered clearly plainly and distinctly in words intelligible and easy to be understood; and not in ambiguous terms or in words of a double meaning; or which are abstruse and intricate and serve rather to make the mysteries of Providence and grace more dark and obscure than to explain them; integrity of heart and perspicuity of language serve much to recommend a speaker and both are expressed in this verse.

 

Job 33:4  4 The Spirit of God has made me And the breath of the Almighty gives me life.
   YLT 
4The Spirit of God hath made me And the breath of the Mighty doth quicken me.

The Spirit of God hath made me .... As a man; so every man is made by God and not by himself; Father Son and Spirit are his Makers or Creators as we read of them in the plural number Psalm 149:2; and this is a proof of the deity of the Spirit who was not only concerned in the creation of all things garnishing the heavens and moving upon the face of the waters on the earth; but in the formation of man:

and the breath of the mighty hath given me life; the same with the Spirit of God the allusion is to the creation of man at first when God breathed into him the breath of life and he became a living soul: life natural is from God he is the God of our life he gives all the mercies of life and by him is this life preserved; and the whole is the effect of almighty power: now this is observed by Elihu to Job to encourage him to attend to him without fear since he was a man a creature of God as he was: it may be understood of his spiritual formation the Spirit of God remakes men or makes them new men new creatures; this is done in regeneration which is the work of the Holy Spirit; hence regeneration and renewing of the Holy Ghost are put together; and being a work of almighty power is proof of the deity of the Spirit of God; it is he that quickens men when dead in trespasses and sins and makes them alive to God; which appears by their spiritual breathings after divine things and by the exercise of their spiritual senses and by their performance of spiritual actions; and now Elihu being a man regenerated and quickened by the Spirit might more justly claim the attention of Job since what he should say was what he had heard felt and seen as good man one that had an experience of divine and spiritual things.

 

Job 33:5  5 If you can answer me Set your words in order before me; Take your stand.
   YLT 
5If thou art able -- answer me Set in array before me -- station thyself.

If thou canst answer me .... That is when he had done speaking after he had heard him out; if he thought he could make a reply to him he gave him full liberty so to do and tacitly suggests that he should give him an attentive and candid hearing as he had requested of him:

set thy words in order before me; put them into the best form and order thou canst for thy self-defence and level them at me; set them as it were in battle array against me; give them all the poignancy strength and three thou art capable of:

stand up; not out of veneration to him but to denote freedom and boldness in himself; a presentation of himself with boldness and standing and keeping his ground: the expressions are military; Mr. Broughton renders it "stand to it".

 

Job 33:6  6 Truly I am as your spokesman[a] before God; I also have been formed out of clay.
   YLT 
6Lo I [am] according to thy word for God From the clay I -- I also have been formed.

Behold I am according to thy wish in God's stead .... So some persons are as civil magistrates the ministers of the word the prophets of the Old Testament and the apostles of the New; see 2 Corinthians 5:20; and so in some sense was Elihu; he undertakes to be an advocate for God to vindicate his justice in his dealings with the children of men and clear him from the charge of severity towards them and hard usage of them and particularly Job; and whom he besought as in God's stead to be reconciled to his providential dealings with him; to bear his afflictions patiently and wait the issue of them: or "I am as thou art"; so the Targum and Ben Gersom interpret it; one that belongs to God a creature of God's a sinful frail mortal creature as Job was and accountable to God; one that belonged to him both as the God of nature and providence and of grace; and such an one Job seemed to have wished for to dispute the point in question with; see Job 9:32;

I also am formed out of the clay; or "cut out"F5קרצתי "excisus" Montanus Munster Mercerus Cocceius Michaelis. of it; alluding to the potter who out of a mass or lump of clay before him cuts a piece out of it to make a vessel of God is the potter men are as clay in his hands their bodies are bodies of clay houses of clay which have their foundation in the dust; reference may be had to the original formation of man Genesis 2:7 and may denote not so much the pollution of his nature clay being defiling but the frailty of man a vessel made of clay being brittle and easily broken; see Job 4:19 Isaiah 64:8.

 

Job 33:7  7 Surely no fear of me will terrify you Nor will my hand be heavy on you.

   YLT  7Lo my terror doth not frighten thee And my burden on thee is not heavy.

Behold my terror shall not make thee afraid .... To come near join issue in a debate and speak freely; this Job had wished for and desired of God that his fear might not terrify him and his dread not make him afraid and then he could talk and reason freely with him Job 9:34; now Job had nothing to fear from Elihu he was a man and not God with whom there was no terrible majesty as with God; he was but a clod of clay and had nothing in him or about him to strike terror into him; he was no great personage as a king or prince nor in any civil authority nor had so much as age to command an awe much less could inject dread and terror:

neither shall my hand be heavy upon thee; which is not to be literally understood; Job could be in no fear of that nor Elihu guilty of such rudeness; but figuratively that he should not seek to afflict and distress him or add to his affliction and make it heavier by hard words severe reflections and cruel reproaches; he seems to refer to Job 13:21; the Targum is

"my burden upon time shall not be heavy;'

he promises not to aggravate things but make them as easy as they would admit of.

 

Job 33:8  8 “Surely you have spoken in my hearing And I have heard the sound of your words saying
   YLT 
8Surely -- thou hast said in mine ears And the sounds of words I hear:

Surely thou hast spoken in mine hearing .... After the above preface Elihu proceeds to the point in hand and enters a charge against Job; which he took up not upon suspicion and surmisings nor upon report nor upon accusations received from others but what he had heard with his own ears unless he was greatly mistaken indeed which he thought he was not:

and I have heard the voice of thy words; the sound of them clearly and distinctly and took in the sense of them as he really believed:

saying; as follows.

 

Job 33:9  9 ‘I am pure without transgression; I am innocent and there is no iniquity in me.
   YLT 
9`Pure [am] I without transgression Innocent [am] I and I have no iniquity.

I am clean without transgression .... This with what follows is supposed to be gathered from Job 10:6; for this is nowhere said by Job in express words; though I rather think since Elihu so peremptorily affirms that they were spoken in his hearing that these words and the following did drop from Job's lips in the controversy with his friends though not recorded; for we are not to suppose that everything that was said on both sides is preserved only so much as the Holy Ghost thought fit should be: no man is naturally clean or free from sin; man came clean out of the hands of God by sin is become unclean. This impurity is propagated by natural generation and is in all without exception. Job expresses himself clearly on this point and agreeably to it Job 14:4; nor is any man clean by and of himself or through anything he is capable of doing in a moral ceremonial or evangelic sense to make himself clean; as by moral actions by ceremonial ablutions and sacrifices or by submission to evangelic ordinances or even by his own tears repentance and humiliation. Job seemed clearly and fully sensible of this Job 9:30; see Proverbs 20:9; yet there are some persons that are clean through the blood of Christ in which they are washed and which cleanses from all sin; and through the righteousness of Christ imputed to them in which they appear without spot or wrinkle or any such thing; and through the sentence of justification pronounced on them by which word spoken they are all clean; and through the grace of God bestowed on them the clean water that is sprinkled upon them by which they are cleansed from all filthiness and hence said to have clean hearts and clean hands; and if Job meant it in this sense as he had knowledge of his living Redeemer he no doubt was such an one Job 19:25 but not "without transgression": without transgression imputed he was and such are all they whose persons are justified and their sins pardoned; to those God does not impute sin Psalm 32:1; but they are not without the being nor commission of sin; for no man even the best of men are clear of it in this sense. Job might be free from the grosser sins of life but not from indwelling sin and the actings of it; we find him confessing sin and disclaiming perfection Job 7:20;

I am innocent; so he was as to the charges brought against him by his friends or the things it was insinuated he was guilty of as hypocrisy &c. or as to doing any injury to the persons and properties of men or with respect to gross enormities from which he had sufficiently cleared himself in Job 31:1; but not so innocent as to be free from all sin as Adam was in his state of innocence which is contrary to his own declarations in the passages before referred to; some as Aben Ezra observes interpret the word "covered"F6חף "tectus" Montanus Bolducius. and as having the same sense with Psalm 32:1; and in which sense it was true of Job that his iniquities were covered; and others of his being covered with righteousness with civil righteousness as in Job 29:14; which was true of the exercise of it; and in an evangelic sense he was covered with the justifying righteousness of Christ; the Targum renders the word "washed" as he was in a spiritual sense. Jarchi interprets it "wiped" or "rubbed" and others combed and brushed and so "neat" and "clean" which is the sense of several versionsF7"Mundus" Beza; "nitidus" Junius & Tremellius Piscator; "tersus" Codurcus Cocceius. :

neither is there iniquity in me; in a Gospel sense there is none in believers in Christ; their iniquities being removed from them to him and are done away and made an end of by him; nor are they to be seen with the eye of vindictive justice; God has cast them behind his back and into the depths of the sea never to be seen more; but then there is iniquity in them as considered in themselves; for men to say they have none shows pride and ignorance and is inconsistent with the truth of grace. If Job is to understood in these expressions in an evangelical sense or with respect to the grossest sins of life or a vicious course of life (and indeed in no other sense can he well be understood consistent with himself) he is not to be blamed for what he said and I apprehend that Elihu does not blame him for saying these things in his own defence; but for insisting so much and so long upon his innocence and purity and unspotted life; and especially for joining with it undue and unbecoming reflections on the Lord for afflicting a person so holy and righteous as follows.

 

Job 33:10  10 Yet He finds occasions against me He counts me as His enemy;
   YLT 
10Lo occasions against me He doth find He doth reckon me for an enemy to Him

Behold he findeth occasions against me .... That is sought in order to find them; so Job in some places suggests that God inquired after his sins and sought diligently after them that he might have something to bring against him; and because he could not find great sins gross enormities he sought after lesser sins; so some render the word "staggerings" "totterings"F8תנואות "vacillationes" Cocceius; "aut mutationes" Michaelis. ; frailties failings and infirmities; and because he could find none of late of a very heinous nature he went back as far as the sins of his youth; see Job 10:6; and this in order to pick a quarrel with him; and so Mr. Broughton renders the words "lo he picketh quarrels against me"; or that he might have just reason to depart from him or to break from him or to break off friendship with him or to break him to pieces in his estate family and health; all which senses some observe the words will bear: but it would be needless for God to seek in order to find occasions against men; there is enough ready at hand the sins that are about them; and to represent the Lord as dealing thus with good men is to represent him as acting contrary to the declarations and methods of his grace; yea as doing what wicked men do to good men as the enemies of David Daniel and Jeremiah did to them; nay even as Satan himself does who goes about and seeks for and picks up accusations against the saints; this must be owned to be a very irreverent and unbecoming expression of Job's and for which he deserved to be sharply rebuked as well as for some following ones and for which he afterwards was thoroughly humbled:

he counteth me for his enemy; this he had often said but very wrongly; See Gill on Job 13:24 and See Gill on Job 16:9 and See Gill on Job 19:11.

 

Job 33:11  11 He puts my feet in the stocks He watches all my paths.’

   YLT  11He doth put in the stocks my feet He doth watch all my paths.'

He putteth my feet in the stocks .... This also he had said Job 13:27; by which he would suggest not only that his afflictions were painful and disgraceful and from which he could not extricate himself being close fettered by them; but that they were inflicted on him as punishments and he was treated as a criminal as a malefactor who had been guilty of some notorious breach of the law:

he marketh all my paths; looked narrowly at them numbered and counted them; this also he had said Job 13:27; meaning not only his natural and civil paths and steps but his moral ones that he could not step the least awry but presently it was marked and observed Job 10:14; but though God does take notice of the sins of his people and chastises them for them yet he does not mark them in strict justice for should he they could not stand before him Psalm 130:3.

 

Job 33:12  12 “Look in this you are not righteous. I will answer you For God is greater than man.
   YLT 
12Lo [in] this thou hast not been righteous I answer thee that greater is God than man.

Behold in this thou art not just .... Here begins Elihu's answer who does not deny that Job was a just man both before God in an evangelic sense and before men in a moral sense; he did not go about to detract from Job's general character as a man that lived soberly righteously and godly in the world; but in this he was not just nor is it to be justified with respect to this thing he could not acquit him of doing what was wrong; namely insisting so much on his own innocence and tacking therewith such unbecoming and undue reflections on the dealings of God with him; he did not give to God his due he did not do him justice in representing him in this light; he did not say nor do the right thing so Mr. Broughton translates the words

"lo here thou art not in the right;'

see Job 32:2;

I will answer thee; or "I must tell thee"; as the same writer renders the words being able to make it clear and plain:

that God is greater than man: than any man than the greatest of men most famous for power wisdom or justice; he is not only greater in his power faithfulness goodness grace and mercy but in his holiness and righteousness wisdom and knowledge; and therefore can never do either an unjust thing or an unwise one; and for man who is both sinful and ignorant even the best in comparison of him to arraign him at his bar is very arrogant and presumptuous; since he knows best what to do and what are his reasons for so doing and is righteous in all his ways and holy in all his works.

 

Job 33:13  13 Why do you contend with Him? For He does not give an accounting of any of His words.
   YLT 
13Wherefore against Him hast thou striven When [for] all His matters He answereth not?

Why dost thou strive against him?.... A creature against the Creator a man against his Maker the clay against the potter; how absurd and stupid is this! and a piece of weakness and folly it was in him to desire to litigate the point with God and dispute with him as he often did when men cannot answer him one of a thousand as he himself owned Job 9:3; and very sinful and criminal it is to chide with God or complain of him on account of any of his dealings with the sons of men as well as it is vain and fruitless:

for he giveth not account of any of his matters; he is a sovereign Being and does what he pleases in nature providence and grace and is not accountable to any for what he does; in things temporal he does all after the counsel of his will; he bestows riches and honours wealth and health gifts of natural wisdom and knowledge on some and withholds them from others; and each of these are his own and he may do with them as he pleases: so likewise in things spiritual he loves chooses redeems regenerates calls by his grace and brings to glory whom he thinks fit; the blessings of grace and glory are his own and he disposes of them as seems good in his sight; and in all respects he acts according to his will in heaven and in earth; none can stay his hand or hinder him from doing his pleasure; and none ought to say to him what dost thou? or why dost thou thus? or if they do he is not obliged to give any reasons for his so doing. Some take this to be the thing Job strove and contended with God about that he did not and because he did not give an account of all his matters or answer all his words; and particularly he did not show to him wherefore he contended with him; and others think the meaning is that God does not reveal all his secrets to men but only as much as he thinks fit to acquaint them with; secret things belong to him and things revealed to men; the secrets of his own nature and the modes of subsistence of the divine Persons in the Godhead the secret reasons of divine predestination of men to life or death and of his dealings with men in a providential way afflicting the righteous and suffering the wicked to prosper.

 

Job 33:14  14 For God may speak in one way or in another Yet man does not perceive it.
   YLT 
14For once doth God speak and twice (He doth not behold it.)

For God speaketh once yea twice .... Or "but God speaketh"F9כי "sed" Beza Piscator. ; though he is not bound to give an account of his matters and the reasons of his proceedings in a way of providence or grace; yet such is his condescension and goodness that he makes use of various ways and means to make known his mind and will in his dispensations if men were but attentive to them; he speaks once in dreams and visions as in Job 33:15; and twice or a second time by chastisements as in Job 33:18; or he speaks frequently again and again see Psalm 62:11; gives line upon line and precept upon precept; if one way is without effect he will take another; and if one warning and admonition is not sufficient he will give another; so that though he is a sovereign Being and not accountable to any yet he does not act the unkind and unfriendly part Job had suggested:

yet man perceiveth it not: the voice of God speaking in one way or another; hearkens not to the admonition given in a dream or vision nor hears the chastising rod and him that has appointed it; he is deaf to all instructions; he understands not the mind and meaning of God in his dispensations; which is not owing to want of means of knowledge but to the blindness and ignorance of his mind to dulness of hearing to negligence and inattention and to the prevalence of sin and corruption: the words "yet man" are a supplement to the text and not in it and some versions are without it and understand the whole of God rendering the words thus "God speaketh once and a second time he does not repeat it"; so the Vulgate Latin Syriac and Arabic versions: or "does not revise it" or "will not see it"F11ובשתים לא ישורנה "secundo non revidet" Schmidt & Maius apud Michaelis; "et secunda vice non videbit illud" Schultens. ; to which agrees the Targum

"and a second time he needs not to look upon it;'

and which rendering as it suits with the context so is more agreeable to the accents; but is differently applied by some to the sufficiency of the word of God that God has at once made known all truth and there is no need to do it a second time; but certain it is that God did at sundry times and in divers manners speak unto the fathers by the prophets; though indeed in these last days he hath spoken at once all his mind and will by his Son so that no future revelation is to be expected; but though this is true now it was not in the times of Elihu: by others it is referred to God's dealings with a proud man that calls him to an account for his actions to whom he speaks once and reproves him for his boldness; but a second time he will not look at him nor bear his pride and insolence: and by others to the unalterable decrees and purposes of God; what he has said or determined in his eternal mind is done at once and remains invariably fixed; he has no need to look over a second time or revise his first thoughts and designs or reconsider them whether it is proper to make any alteration in them or not they are at once so wisely formed; and he has all things before him in one view in his all comprehending mind so that there cannot possibly anything turn up unforeseen by him to hinder the execution of his purposes or cause him to make any change in them; no new thoughts resolutions or purposes can arise in his mind with whom there is no variableness nor shadow of turning. This agrees well with his sovereignty expressed in Job 33:13 and carries in it a strong reason enforcing what is there said. Though some take the meaning to be this that God speaks once to a man and admonishes and reproves him as he used to do in the way expressed in the following verse; and if he regards it not he do not speak to him a second time in that way or no more by words but now by blows or chastisements.

 

Job 33:15  15 In a dream in a vision of the night When deep sleep falls upon men While slumbering on their beds
   YLT 
15In a dream -- a vision of night In the falling of deep sleep on men In slumberings on a bed.

In a dream in a vision of the night .... That is God speaks to men in this way and which in those times was his most usual way; see Job 4:12; sometimes he spake to a prophet a person in public office and made known his mind and will in this manner to him that he might deliver it to others Numbers 12:6; and sometimes directly and immediately to persons themselves as he did to Abimelech and Laban Genesis 20:3;

when deep sleep lieth upon men in slumberings upon the bed; the former denotes a fast heavy and sound sleep when the senses are all locked up and there is not the least attention to any outward object; the latter a slight sleep when a man is between sleeping and waking; and now at such a time when he was laid on his bed in the night season it was usual for God to come to him in a visionary way and impress things on his mind; when it was called off front worldly and earthly thoughts and cares and was calm and serene and so fit to receive what intimations and instructions might be given this way; see Psalm 4:4. Job had his dreams and night visions though he seems not to have had any benefit by them or to have understood them but was scared and terrified with them Job 7:14; to which Elihu may have some respect.

 

Job 33:16  16 Then He opens the ears of men And seals their instruction.
   YLT 
16Then He uncovereth the ear of men And for their instruction sealeth:

Then he openeth the ears of men .... Not the ears of his body which remaining shut while things are presented to his mind in a dream or vision but his internal ears; it is the same with opening the heart or understanding to attend to and receive the things delivered in this visionary way:

and sealeth their instruction; sends home the instruction given in this manner and imprints it upon the mind so that it is well remembered when awake not only the dreams themselves but the lessons taught and learnt there as may be observed in the cases of Abimelech and Laban Genesis 20:3; the word signifies "chastisement"F12במסרם "disciplinam eorum" Tigurine version; "castigationem eorum" Beza Vatablus Drusius Mercerus Piscator Michaelis Schultens. as well as instruction that being one way in which God teaches and instructs men Psalm 94:12; and so the sense may be that God in a dream or vision makes it known to men that if they regard not what he says to them and repent not of their evils and turn from them he will correct and chastise them and this he assures them of; and they may look for the certain performance of it that he will visit their transgressions with a rod and their iniquities with stripes; things that are sealed being sure and firm. Mr. Broughton renders the words "and imprints why they are chastised."

 

Job 33:17  17 In order to turn man from his deed And conceal pride from man
   YLT 
17To turn aside man [from] doing And pride from man He concealeth.

That he may withdraw a man from his purpose .... Or "work"F13מעשה "opere" Pagninus Montanus Mercerus &c. his wicked work as the Targum; either which he has begun upon or which he designed to do. Thus Abimelech and Laban were restrained from their intentions by a divine admonition in a dream the one from taking Abraham's wife as he intended and the other from doing harm to Jacob which he designed:

and hide pride from man; by pardoning his sins in which there is always pride so some; pardon of sin being expressed by covering it Psalm 32:1; or rather by repressing weakening and preventing it; and that by not suffering vain and proud men to perform their enterprises but obliging them to submit to the will of God and humble themselves under his mighty hand. These are the ends proposed and which are effected through the Lord speaking to men in dreams opening their ears and sending instructions to them; and others also for their good follow.

 

Job 33:18  18 He keeps back his soul from the Pit And his life from perishing by the sword.

   YLT  18He keepeth back his soul from corruption And his life from passing away by a dart.

He keepeth back his soul from the pit .... Or "that he may keep back"F14יחשך "ut prohibeat" Mercerus Piscator. ; for this is another end and use of God's speaking unto men; it is to preserve them for the present from going down to the grave the pit of corruption and destruction; so called because the bodies of men being there laid corrupt and are entirely destroyed by worms and turn to rottenness and dust; and to preserve them from the bottomless pit of everlasting ruin and destruction; for the Lord's people are reproved by him that they may not be condemned with the world 1 Corinthians 11:32;

and his life from perishing by the sword; by the sword of men which is one of God's sore judgments; or by the sword of the civil magistrate the man spoken to being warned of God of committing these sins which would bring him into the hands of such; or by the sword of divine justice; Jarchi interprets it of the sword of the angel of death; the word signifies a missive weapon as a dart; so Mr. Broughton renders the words "and his life from going on the dart": or as another version has it "lest it should go on under the cast of darts"F15Tigurine version. ; the darts of an enemy in war or the fiery darts of Satan Ephesians 6:16.

 

Job 33:19  19 Man is also chastened with pain on his bed And with strong pain in many of his bones
   YLT 
19And he hath been reproved With pain on his bed And the strife of his bones [is] enduring.

He is chastened also with pain upon his bed .... This seems to be another way in which God according to his eternal purposes speaks unto men as the word "also" intimates; namely by afflictions and sometimes painful ones; which have a voice in them and men of wisdom will hearken to it Micah 6:9. Pain here signifies not pain of the mind or a wounded spirit which is very afflicting distressing and intolerable; but pain of the body as the next clause shows; and this endured on the bed it being so great as to confine a man to his bed or is what he felt there where he might hope for ease and rest; see Job 7:13;

and the multitude of his bones with strong pain; not with a slight one but a very strong one such as those felt who gnawed their tongues for pain Revelation 16:10. Jarchi interprets it the multitude of his bones which are strong; though they are hardy and strong yet filled with exquisite pain; and not one or a few of them but a multitude of them as there are a multitude of them in a man's body; even all of them as Hezekiah complains which must be very excruciating indeed Isaiah 38:13; and which was Job's case; not only his flesh was in pain through the sores and ulcers upon him but his bones were pierced in him and his sinews had no rest and he was full of tossings to and fro Job 7:3; and in this way he was as other good men are reproved and chastened by the Lord; and in which way he had spoke to him as he does to others and which should be attended to; and since such painful afflictions are but fatherly chastisements they should be patiently endured and the voice of God in them listened to and before long there will be no more pain: the "Cetib" or textual writing is "the contention of his bones is strong"; through pain or with which God contends with men; we follow the marginal reading.

 

Job 33:20  20 So that his life abhors bread And his soul succulent food.
   YLT 
20And his life hath nauseated bread And his soul desirable food.

So that his life abhorreth bread .... Through the force of pain he loses his appetite for food and even a nausea of it takes place; he loathes it as the most abominable and filthy thing that can be thought of; even bread so necessary to the support of human life so strengthening to the heart of man and what he every day stands in need of and should pray for and in health is never weary of; it may be put for all common and useful food:

and his soul dainty meat; the most rich and delicious; such as the tables of the great and rich are furnished with: "food of desire"F16מאכל תאוה "cibum desiderii" Vatablus Drusius Michaelis; "cibum appetentiae" Mercerus. ; or desirable food as it may be rendered; see Daniel 10:3; such as in the time of health the appetite craves and desires and is fed on with delight and pleasure but now had in the utmost aversion. Pains and diseases of body often produce such a nausea in men Psalm 107:17 and was Job's case Job 3:24.

 

Job 33:21  21 His flesh wastes away from sight And his bones stick out which once were not seen.
   YLT 
21His flesh is consumed from being seen And high are his bones they were not seen!

His flesh is consumed away that it cannot be seen .... All being gone none left to be seen nothing but skin and bones; and this partly through the vehemence of strong pain and partly through the nausea of food; not being able to take anything for nourishment and the support of the fluids and so quite emaciated:

and his bones that were not seen stick out: which before were covered with flesh and fat so that they could not be seen; but now the flesh and fat being wasted they seem as if they rose up in an eminence and stood out to be beheld; this was also Job's case being reduced to a mere skeleton Job 19:20. Elihu in this description of an afflicted man seems to have Job chiefly in view and by this would intimate to him that God had been and was speaking to him by those afflictions which he would do well to advert unto.

 

Job 33:22  22 Yes his soul draws near the Pit And his life to the executioners.

   YLT  22And draw near to the pit doth his soul And his life to those causing death.

Yea his soul draweth near unto the grave .... Not the soul strictly and properly speaking for that does not nor is it laid in the grave at death but returns to God that gave it; rather the body for which it is sometimes put and of which what is here said is true see Psalm 16:10; or the person of the sick man whose disease being so threatening all hope is gone and he is given up by his physicians and friends and seemingly is at the grave's mouth and that is ready for him and he on the brink of that; which were the apprehensions Job had of himself Job 17:1; see Psalm 88:3;

and his life to the destroyers; the destroying angels as Aben Ezra and so the Septuagint version: or destroying diseases and so Mr. Broughton renders it "to killing maladies"; or it may be to worms which destroy the body in the grave and which Job was sensible of would quickly be his case Job 19:26; though some interpret it of those that kill or of those that are dead with whom they are laid that die; or of deaths corporeal and eternal and the horrors and terrors of both with which persons in such circumstances are sometimes distressed.

 

Job 33:23  23 “If there is a messenger for him A mediator one among a thousand To show man His uprightness
   YLT 
23If there is by him a messenger An interpreter -- one of a thousand To declare for man his uprightness:

If there be a messenger with him .... Or angel either with God as some think; or rather with the sick man; by which messenger is meant not an angel by nature a created angel though sometimes such are God's messengers sent by him on errands to men are interpreters of things to them as Gabriel was to Daniel; of whom there are thousands and who may be of service to sick men for their comfort and instruction since it is certain they attend saints in their dying moments; yet this proves not that they are to be invoked as mediators between God and men: but rather a minister of the word is designed who is by office an angel a "messenger" of Christ and of the churches; an "interpreter" of the Scriptures and of the mind of God in them; and a spiritual evangelical faithful minister is scarce and rare one among a thousand; and his business is to visit sick persons and to observe the "uprightness" and faithfulness of God in afflicting them that they may quietly submit to and patiently bear the affliction; and to direct them for their peace and comfort to the uprightness or righteousness of Christ for their justification before God; and to show them what is right for them to do in their present circumstances; whether the sick man be stupid and insensible of his case and his need of righteousness or whether he be a truly gracious man yet labouring under doubts and fears about the truth of grace in him the uprightness of his heart and his interest in the righteousness of Christ: but it seems best to understand this of Christ himself the angel of God's presence the messenger of the covenant who is with the sick man and favours him with his spiritual presence; or is "for him"F17עליו "pro eo" V. L. Pagninus Mercerus. as it may be rendered is on his side an advocate and intercessor for him with God;

an interpreter of his Father's mind and with which he is long acquainted he lying in his bosom; and of the sacred Scriptures as he was to his disciples concerning himself; or an "orator"F18מליץ "eloquens" Pagninus Montanus; "orator" Tigurine version Bolducius. an eloquent one never man spake like him having the tongue of the learned given him as man; and who as a divine Person is the eternal and essential Word of God; who spake for his people in the council of peace and covenant of grace; and also as Mediator is the antitypical Aaron can speak well for them on all occasions:

one among a thousand: the chiefest among ten thousand angels or men; see Song of Solomon 5:10;

to show unto man his uprightness; which to do is his office as Mediator and especially as a prophet even to show the uprightness of God the rectitude of his nature the righteousness required in his holy law; and this Christ has shown forth and declared in his being the propitiation for the sins of his people Romans 3:25; by his Spirit he shows to man and so to a sick man his want of uprightness in himself his need of righteousness from another; and brings it near him and shows it to be perfect complete and suitable; as well as teaches to live soberly righteously and godly.

 

Job 33:24  24 Then He is gracious to him and says ‘Deliver him from going down to the Pit; I have found a ransom’;
   YLT 
24Then He doth favour him and saith `Ransom him from going down to the pit I have found an atonement.'

Then he is gracious to him .... To the sick man; either the messenger or the minister that is with him who pities his case and prays for him; and by some the following words are supposed to be a prayer of his "deliver me" &c. since one find in the Gospel there is a ransom for such persons. Rather Christ who is gracious to man as appears by his assumption of their nature and becoming a ransom for them and who upon the foot of redemption which he has "found" or obtained see Hebrews 9:12; pleads for the present comfort and future happiness of his people in such language as after expressed "deliver him" &c. Or rather God the Father is gracious to the sick man for his Son's sake

and saith deliver him from going down to the pit; addressing either the disease so Mr. Broughton renders the word "spare him (O killing malady) from descending into the pit" the grave for the present his disease threatened him with. Or the minister of the word attending the sick man who is bid to declare to him as Nathan to David and Isaiah to Hezekiah that he should live longer and not die for the present: or rather the address is to law and justice to let the redeemed of the Lord go free and particularly the sick man being one of them; and not thrust him down into the bottomless pit of everlasting ruin and destruction for the reason following:

I have found a ransom; which is no other than Christ the Son of God; whom Jehovah in his infinite wisdom found out and settled upon to be the ransomer of his people; to which he agreed and in the fulness of time came to give his life a ransom for many and for whom he has given himself as a ransom price which has been testified in due time: and this ransom is for all the elect of God and is of them from sin Satan law hell and death; and the finding of it is not of man nor is the scheme of propitiation peace and reconciliation by Christ or of atonement and satisfactionF19כפר "propitiationem" Beza Pagninus Montanus Munster Bolducius Vatablus; "expiationem" Tigurine version; "lytrum" Cocceius; "satisfactionem" Schmidt. by the sacrifice of Christ as the word here used signifies an invention of men; but is the effect of infinite wisdom and a scheme drawn in the eternal mind and formed in Christ from everlasting; see 2 Corinthians 5:19. Some take these words to be spoken by the Father to the Son upon his appointment and agreement to be the ransomer and Redeemer saying "go redeem him" &c. for so the wordsF20פדעהו "redime eum" Pagninus Montanus &c. may be rendered; and others think they are the words of the Son the messenger to his Father the advocate with him for his people as before observed.

 

Job 33:25  25 His flesh shall be young like a child’s He shall return to the days of his youth.
   YLT 
25Fresher [is] his flesh than a child's He returneth to the days of his youth.

His flesh shall be fresher than a child's .... Being recovered from illness and restored to health through the gracious dealings of God with him. This is to be understood not simply and absolutely but comparatively or with respect to his former condition; that he who before was reduced to skin and bone is now become fat and plump; and whose flesh was dry and withered now moist succulent and juicy; and whose skin was wrinkled now soft and smooth and sleek; and whose face was pale now bloomy and ruddy. The Targum is

"his flesh is weakened more than a child '

and the Vulgate Latin

"is consumed '

referring to his former state:

he shall return to the days of his youth. His youth renewed and he seem young again; become hale and robust as in his youthful days; see Psalm 103:5.

 

Job 33:26  26 He shall pray to God and He will delight in him He shall see His face with joy For He restores to man His righteousness.
   YLT 
26He maketh supplication unto God And He accepteth him. And he seeth His face with shouting And He returneth to man His righteousness.

He shall pray unto God .... As the former verse expresses the condition of the body of the man recovered from sickness this the frame of his soul and the spiritual blessings enjoyed by him: some understand this of his praying in the time of his affliction and consider it as one means of his recovery; and indeed a time of affliction is a time for prayer; and which brings a good man to it who in health and prosperity has been negligent of it; such an one will make his application to God for deliverance and not to the creature; and it is his mercy and privilege he has a God to pray unto who can and will help him. But according to the course and connection of the words it seems rather to respect what the good man would do and the frame he would be in upon his recovery; who would entreat the Lord to make him thankful the mercy received and accept of his thanksgiving for the same; that his affliction might appear to be sanctified unto him and that he is much the better for it more holy and more humble; and that he would manifest his pardoning grace to him for all the sins and transgressions he had been guilty of his murmurings and repinings and everything else during his affliction; and that he may make use of his health and strength given him in the service of God and for the glory of his name;

and he will be favourable to him; which if understood of the time of affliction it may be interpreted of his laying no more on him than he will enable him to bear and supporting him under it; of granting his gracious presence in it and of his taking notice of him visiting him knowing owning and choosing him in the furnace of affliction and manifesting his care unto him; and of the deliverance of him out of it. But if it respects the man as recovered out of affliction it denotes further discoveries of the special care and favour of God to him which are very enlivening and refreshing strengthening and supporting; and of his gracious acceptance of his person and of his sacrifices of prayer praise and thanksgiving through Christ the Mediator and messenger of the covenant;

and he shall see his face with joy: that is either God who is favourable to him he looks with a smiling countenance upon the man now recovered who before seemed to look upon him with frowns in his countenance there being a change in the outward dispensations of his providence towards him though none in his heart: his countenance beholds the upright with pleasure whether they see it or not; he looks upon his people in Christ with the utmost complacency and delight and particularly when they come to him in the exercise of grace with their prayers praises and thanksgivings. Or the man recovered from illness God being favourable to him he beholds the face of God with joy who perhaps had hid it from him in his affliction which caused trouble; but now showing his face and favour it causes joy and exultation even a jubilee in his soul. He beholds him in Christ as the God of grace and peace; and through him can come to him and look him in the face with comfort and pleasure as nothing is more delightful to him than the light of his countenance;

for he will render unto man his righteousness: not the sick man recovered render to another man what is his right and due or what he may have wronged him of; for which being reproved by the affliction and convicted of is desirous of making restitution: but God who will render return or restore to the man recovered his righteousness which is the foundation of his joy; not render to him according to his own righteousness as the Targum which would be but a poor recompense if strictly given; nor restore to him the righteousness he lost in Adam which is but a creature righteousness; but the righteousness of Christ as Mr. Broughton which is the good man's or the believer's in Christ because wrought out for him imputed to him and bestowed as a free gift on him. Now though this righteousness can never be lost being an everlasting one yet a sense of interest in it may which is returned restored and rendered to a man when that righteousness is afresh revealed to him from faith to faith; the consequence of which is peace and comfort joy and triumph.

 

Job 33:27  27 Then he looks at men and says ‘I have sinned and perverted what was right And it did not profit me.’
   YLT 
27He looketh on men and saith `I sinned And uprightness I have perverted And it hath not been profitable to me.

He looketh upon men .... According to our version and other interpreters the sense is God looks upon men as he does on all men in general their ways and their works; and particularly he takes notice of men under affliction and observes how they behave; if they are penitent and confess their sins he restores them to health and does them good both in body and soul. But most carry the sense another way and interpret it of the sick man recovered who looks upon his friends and relations about him and any others that come within his reach; of he goes about them as Aben Ezra explains the word; or will accompany with men as Mr. Broughton; or sets them in rows as Gersom in order as at a levee that he may the better address them; or he shall direct himself to them as the Targum; or shall sing over them or before them so SchultensF20ישר על "cantabit super vel coram" Schultens. ; in a joyful manner in an exulting strain express himself as follows; for the phrase

and if any sayF21ויאסר "et dicat" V. L. Beza Montanus Mercerus Michaelis Schultens. should be rendered "and he shall say"; make the following confession of his acknowledgment of the goodness of God unto him;

I have sinned; against God and man and that has been the cause of all my afflictions; I am now sensible of it and ingenuously own it:

and perverted that which was right: have not done that which is right in the sight of God nor what is just and right between man and man; have perverted the right ways of God swerved from his commandments and gone into crooked paths with the workers of iniquity; and declined from or perverted justice and judgment among men;

and it profiteth me not; as sin does not in the issue; though it promises profit and advantage it does not yield it; but on the contrary much harm and mischief come by it.

 

Job 33:28  28 He will redeem his[b] soul from going down to the Pit And his[c] life shall see the light.

   YLT  28He hath ransomed my soul From going over into the pit And my life on the light looketh.'

He will deliver his soul from going into the pit .... Into the pit of the grave; and then the soul is put for the man or for the body; or into the pit of hell or perdition:

and his life shall see the light; or he shall live and enjoy outward prosperity here and the light of eternal happiness hereafter; and so the Targum interprets it of superior light or the light above even the inheritance of the saints in light. These words have a double reading; the "Keri" or marginal reading is what we follow; but the "Cetib" or textual reading is "he hath delivered my soul from going into the pit and my life sees the light"; and which seems to be the better reading; and so the words are a continuation of the address of the man recovered from illness to his friends; setting forth and acknowledging with joy and thankfulness the great goodness of God unto him that he had delivered him from the grave and spared his life and given him to enjoy great prosperity both temporal and spiritual.

 

Job 33:29  29 “Behold God works all these things Twice in fact three times with a man
   YLT 
29Lo all these doth God work Twice -- thrice with man

Lo all these things worketh God oftentimes with man. This is a summary or recapitulation of what goes before from Job 33:15; God is an operating Being he is always at work in a providential way: "my father worketh hitherto" John 5:17; sometimes on the minds of men in dreams and visions; and sometimes by affliction; and sometimes by his prophets messengers and ministers of the word; he works with and by these and all according to the internal workings and actings of his mind his eternal purposes and decrees which are hereby brought about: and these he works "oftentimes" or as in the original "twice"F23פעמים שלש "bis aut ter" Tigurine version; "bis et ter" Beza; "bis ter" Mercerus Cocceius. ; therefore when once is not sufficient he repeats it in dreams and visions; when men are not admonished by one he comes to them in another: and afflictions when one does not bring men to repentance or answer a good purpose he sends another; and continues the ministry of the word in which he waits to be gracious till all his people are brought to repentance and all his ends answered by it: and all this he works "with man" his darling object the special care of his providence; and for whom his great concern is in redemption and salvation. He works with men distributively considered with various men in the several ways before expressed; and with men personally and individually; to one and the same man he has often appeared in dreams and visions and on the same person has laid his afflicting hand again and again; and to the same individual has given line upon line and precept upon precept. And because this is certain and to be depended upon as truth and is worthy of notice and consideration as well as is very wonderful and astonishing that God should thus be mindful of man and work with him and for him "lo" or "behold" is prefixed unto it: the ends for which all this is done follow.

 

Job 33:30  30 To bring back his soul from the Pit That he may be enlightened with the light of life.

   YLT  30To bring back his soul from the pit To be enlightened with the light of the living.

To bring back his soul from the pit .... From the pit of the grave; at the mouth or on the brink of which he seemed to be in the apprehension of his friends and having the sentence of death in himself; see Psalm 90:3. Or "to turn away"F24להשיב "ut avertat" Beza Mercerus Piscator Michaelis Schultens. or "stay his soul from the pit" as Mr. Broughton; prevent his going into it by removing his disorder and restoring him to health as in the case of Hezekiah Isaiah 38:17. Or figuratively from the pit of an unregenerate state which may be compared to a pit or grave because in it lie such who are dead in trespasses and sins; and which is a pit of corruption or a corrupt state: men in it are corrupt and corrupters corrupt both in principles and practices; and is an impure one like to mire and clay; and a very uncomfortable one a pit wherein is no water no refreshment no solid peace and comfort. In conversion which sometimes is brought about by the above means afflictive providences as well as by the ministry of the word souls are brought back from hence; are regenerated quickened and raised from the graves of sin and live spiritually as they are also secured from going down into the pit of hell and everlasting destruction:

to be enlightened with the light of the living; in a natural sense to enjoy the light of living men the light of the sun and to live in health and prosperity which is called light in opposition to affliction and adversity expressed by darkness; see Esther 8:15 Isaiah 8:22. And in a spiritual sense to live a spiritual life who before were dead in sin to live a life of faith on Christ as their righteousness and to live a life of holiness from him and in newness of life to his honour and glory; and to have spiritual light into their state by nature and their recovery and salvation by Christ; to see their need of him his suitableness worth and excellency and to have a glimpse of eternal glory; as also hereafter to partake both of eternal life and eternal light called by our Lord "the light of life" John 8:12.

 

Job 33:31  31 “Give ear Job listen to me; Hold your peace and I will speak.
   YLT 
31Attend O Job hearken to me Keep silent and I -- I do speak.

Mark well O Job .... Consider and weigh well what has been said; or rather attend to what is further to be said:

hearken unto me; to what he was about to say; for he was full of matter and had not yet vented all he had to utter:

hold thy peace and I will speak; be silent and do not interrupt and I will go on with my discourse.

 

Job 33:32  32 If you have anything to say answer me; Speak for I desire to justify you.
   YLT 
32If there are words -- answer me Speak for I have a desire to justify thee.

If thou hast anything to say answer me .... Any thing to object to what he had delivered or any answer to return to what he had charged him with:

speak for I desire to justify thee. Elihu was a fair antagonist and gave free liberty time and space to make whatsoever reply he thought fit and which he should patiently and attentively hear: his view was not victory but that truth might come out and take place and prevail having nothing more at heart than Job's good; and could wish it would appear that he was in all respects a just man and even in that in which he thought he was not just; but could he fairly acquit himself it would be a pleasure to him.

 

Job 33:33  33 If not listen to me; Hold your peace and I will teach you wisdom.”

   YLT  33If there are not -- hearken thou to me Keep silent and I teach thee wisdom.

If not hearken to me .... If he had no objection to make nor answer to return then he desires he would attend and listen to what he had further to lay before him:

hold thy peace and I shall teach thee wisdom. For though Job was a wise and good man he might become wiser and more knowing; and indeed when instruction is given to a wise man he will be yet wiser Proverbs 9:9; and this may be received sometimes from persons inferior in age and abilities. Elihu proposed to teach him as he did natural moral and evangelical wisdom especially the wisdom of God in his providential dealings with men and what is man's highest wisdom under them; which is to be reconciled unto them and patiently to submit and to fear the Lord and be careful not to offend him which to do is wisdom and understanding.

 

──John Gill’s Exposition of the Bible

 

New King James Version (NKJV)

Footnotes:

  1. Job 33:6 Literally as your mouth
  2. Job 33:28 Or my (Kethib)
  3. Job 33:28 Or my (Kethib)