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Psalm Forty

 

Psalm 40 Outline of Contents

Faith Persevering in Trial (v.1~17)

New King James Version (NKJV)

To the Chief Musician. A Psalm of David.

 

INTRODUCTION TO PSALM 40

To the chief Musician a Psalm of David. Jarchi interprets this psalm of the Israelites and of their deliverance and song at the Red sea. The title of it in the Syriac version is

"A psalm of David according to the letter when Shemaiah brought the names of those who minister in the house of the Lord;'

see 1 Chronicles 24:6; according to Kimchi the subject of this psalm is the same with that of the two preceding; and R. Obadiah thinks it was composed by David when he was recovered of a leprosy; but though it might be written by David it was not written concerning himself or on his own account but of another. The title of this psalm is somewhat different from others in the order of the words; whereas it is usually put "a psalm of" or "for David"; here it is "for David a psalm"; and may be rendered as Ainsworth observes "a psalm concerning David"; not literally but typically understood; not concerning David himself but concerning his antitype and son who is called by his name Ezekiel 37:24; and that it is to be interpreted of him is evident from the application of Psalm 39:6 unto him by the apostle in Hebrews 10:5; and the whole of it is applicable to him; some apply it to Jeremiah in the dungeon and others to Daniel in the den as Theodoret observes.

 

Psalm 40:1  I waited patiently for the Lord; And He inclined to me And heard my cry.
   YLT 
1To the Overseer. -- A Psalm of David. I have diligently expected Jehovah And He inclineth to me and heareth my cry

I waited patiently for the Lord .... Or "waiting I waited"F9קוה קויתי "expectando expectavi" Pagninus Montanus Vatablus Musculus Rivetus Gejerus Michaelis; so Ainsworth. ; which denotes continuance constancy and patience; and which Christ exercised in the garden when he submitted himself entirely to the will of God; and on the cross when he continued in sure hope and firm expectation of his help and assistance though he was for a while forsaken by him; see Isaiah 50:7;

and he inclined unto me and heard my cry; both in the garden by delivering him from fear of death; and on the cross by upholding helping and assisting him by carrying him through his sufferings and death and raising him from the dead; see Isaiah 49:8.

 

Psalm 40:2  2 He also brought me up out of a horrible pit Out of the miry clay And set my feet upon a rock And established my steps.
   YLT 
2And He doth cause me to come up From a pit of desolation -- from mire of mud And He raiseth up on a rock my feet He is establishing my steps.

He brought me up also out of an horrible pit .... Which with the following phrase

out of the miry clay expresses the state and condition Christ was in at the time of his bloody sweat his crucifixion and his lying in "sheol" the pit or grave sometimes rendered hell which these figurative phrases fitly signify; when it is observed that he was made sin and had the sins of all his people on him; and as the type of Joshua was clothed with their filthy garments; he might be truly said to be in the miry clay; and also that he was made a curse for them and bore the wrath of God in their room and stead; and was forsaken by his God and Father and so endured both the punishment of loss and sense and what was tantamount to the sufferings of the damned in hell; see Psalm 69:1; to which may be added the noisy insults of malignant men and the infernal fiends who surrounded him on the cross; when he was in an horrible or "noisy pit" as the words may be renderedF11מבור שאון "e cisterna sonitus" Pagninus Montanus; "strepitus" Vatablus the Targum & Kimchi; and to the same purpose Musculus Cocceius Junius & Tremellius Piscator; "out of the pit of sounding calamity" Ainsworth. the allusion being to subterraneous caverns or pits in which the falls of water make so horrible a noise as is intolerable; or to deep pits into which anything cast makes a great sound: and the issue of all this was that he was laid in the pit of the grave and held under the power and with the cords of death; from all which he was delivered when he was raised from the dead justified in the Spirit and glorified in the human nature by his God and Father;

and set my feet upon a rock; on Mount Zion in heaven whither he was carried up after his resurrection; where he will remain until his second coming being set down at the right hand of God in a most stable firm and unalterable state as well as an honourable one; for he will die no more and death shall no more have dominion over him;

and established my goings; in treading the path of life which was shown him at his resurrection; in passing through the air the territory of Satan at his ascension; and in his entrance into his glory and making his way to his Father's right hand and throne.

 

Psalm 40:3  3 He has put a new song in my mouth—Praise to our God; Many will see it and fear And will trust in the Lord.

   YLT  3And He putteth in my mouth a new song `Praise to our God.' Many do see and fear and trust in Jehovah.

And he hath put a new song in my mouth even praise to our God .... Sung by him in the midst of the great congregation of angels and saints upon his resurrection ascension and session at the right hand of God; see Psalm 22:22; when he went to his God and ours to his Father and ours; and in which song he is joined by all his people above and below Revelation 5:9;

many shall see it and fear and shall trust in the Lord; even all the elect of God as many as are ordained to eternal life; the many whose sins Christ bore for whom he became a ransom whom he justifies and brings to glory: these all "see" him in the horrible pit and miry clay in his state of humiliation as bearing their sins and the punishment due unto them; as wounded bruised and crucified; as rising again for their justification; and as on Mount Zion crowned with glory and honour; and a multitude of harpers with him singing the new song; these see the salvation he has wrought out the glory fulness and suitableness of it and their interest in it; and they "fear" not with a fear of hell and damnation which is inconsistent with the trust after mentioned; but with a godly and filial fear which arises from and is encouraged by the grace and goodness of God their faith in the sufferings death and resurrection of Christ Jesus and which render him a proper object of trust and confidence; for he is so both as suffering crucified and slain and as risen again and exalted at the Father's right hand Galatians 2:20.

 

Psalm 40:4  4 Blessed is that man who makes the Lord his trust And does not respect the proud nor such as turn aside to lies.
   YLT 
4O the happiness of the man Who hath made Jehovah his trust And hath not turned unto the proud And those turning aside to lies.

Blessed is the man that maketh the Lord his trust .... For such are safe and secure in him are possessed of all blessings of grace through him have peace in their own souls now and shall enjoy eternal happiness with him hereafter;

and respecteth not the proud; such as the Pharisees and all self-righteous persons who trust in themselves and their own righteousness submit not to the righteousness of Christ and despise others; to these such who trust in Christ have no respect; they neither esteem them nor imitate them;

nor such as turn aside to lies; to idols the lying vanities of the Gentiles; or to any doctrines injurious to the person office blood righteousness sacrifice and grace of Christ; which are no other than lies and which those who believe in Christ have no respect to but abhor both them and the abettors of them.

 

Psalm 40:5  5 Many O Lord my God are Your wonderful works Which You have done; And Your thoughts toward us Cannot be recounted to You in order; If I would declare and speak of them They are more than can be numbered.

   YLT  5Much hast Thou done Jehovah my God; Thy wonders and Thy thoughts toward us There is none to arrange unto Thee I declare and speak: They have been more than to be numbered.

Many O Lord my God are thy wonderful works which thou hast done .... This is the "new song" as Aben Ezra rightly observes which is said in Psalm 40:3 to be put in the mouth of the Messiah; who sometimes speaks in the plural number being the representative of his people and sometimes in the singular; for it is the same person that speaks here who is continued speaking in Psalm 40:6 and following; and which are applied to Christ Hebrews 10:5; the "works" here said to be done and to be "many" and "wonderful" are not the creation of the world the dividing of the sea and feeding the people of Israel forty years in the wilderness as Jarchi interprets them; but the incarnation of Christ redemption by him the resurrection of him from the dead; regeneration and conversion and the preservation of the saints from the evil of the world safe to the kingdom and glory of God; all which as they are many and various and display the manifold wisdom and grace of God so they are marvellous and will be the subject of the wonder of saints to all eternity;

and thy thoughts which are to us-ward; that is the decrees of God as Aben Ezra truly explains them; the purposes counsels and intentions of God; which though mentioned last are before his works and are the spring of them: these were in the mind of God from everlasting were unknown till revealed were thoughts of peace and not of evil and are unfrustrable and ever fulfilled and are manifold precious and amazing Psalm 139:17; and these were concerning all the elect of God as considered in Christ and members of his; and therefore he says to us-ward; and all the works before mentioned were done to them or for them and on their account; and so Jarchi and Aben Ezra interpret the phrase "because of us" or "for our sakes"; even the incarnation sufferings death and resurrection of Christ and the thoughts of them were for them;

they cannot be reckoned up in order to thee; or "there is none can order them unto thee"F12אין ערוך אליך "non est qui ordinet apud te" Pagninus; "none can count them in order to thee" Ainsworth. ; there is no power in man to do it as Aben Ezra observes; or "there is none like unto thee" as Jarchi and the Oriental versions; see Exodus 15:11; though this sense seems to break in upon the account of the wonderful works and thoughts of God which are still designed in the following clause;

if I could declare and speak of them they are more than can be numbered; that is by men: from this general account of the many and wonderful works and thoughts of God the Messiah passes on to take notice of one particular design and work of the Lord the redemption of his people by the sacrifice of himself.

 

Psalm 40:6  6 Sacrifice and offering You did not desire; My ears You have opened. Burnt offering and sin offering You did not require.
   YLT 
6Sacrifice and present Thou hast not desired Ears Thou hast prepared for me Burnt and sin-offering Thou hast not asked.

Sacrifice and offering thou didst not desire .... These were desired willed and appointed by God and that very early even from the times of our first parents; and when performed aright were acceptable to God quite down to the times of the Messiah: indeed when offered without faith in Christ and with a wicked mind to merit any thing at the hand of God they were always abominable to him; and he likewise ever preferred love to himself and of the neighbour obedience to the commands of the moral law and works of mercy to men before all the sacrifices of the ceremonial law 1 Samuel 15:22; nor were these ever in such esteem with him as the sacrifices of a broken and contrite heart or of praise and thanksgiving Psalm 51:16; nor were they ever regarded by him but as they respected Christ; nor were they ever designed to cleanse from sin and take it away but to lead to the propitiatory sacrifice of Christ: but none of these senses have place here: the meaning of the words is that it was not the will of God at the time this passage refers to that legal sacrifices should continue any longer; and that they should not be offered up even by good men in the best manner and to the best ends and purposes; the time being come that a better sacrifice should be offered which was the sum and substance of them and was prefigured by them;

mine ears hast thou opened; or "dug" or "bored"F13כרית "fodisti" Pagninus Montanus Vatablus Gejerus Michaelis; "perfodisti" Tigurine version Musculus Junius & Tremellius Piscator; "perforasti" Cocceius. ; in allusion as is thought by many to Exodus 21:6; though the phrase rather signifies the formation and excavation of the ear; or the preparing and fitting it for its use; that is to hearken to the will of his heavenly Father to become man offer himself a sacrifice and suffer and die in the room of his people; to which he became obedient taking upon him the form of a servant when found in fashion as a man; and was obedient unto death even the death of the cross; see Isaiah 50:4; in Hebrews 10:5 the words are rendered as by the Septuagint "but a body hast thou prepared me"; and with it the Arabic and Ethiopic versions agree; and so Apollinarius

"flesh of mortal generation;'

a part of the body being put for the whole; and which indeed is supposed: for unless a body had been prepared for him his ears could not have been opened; and it was in the body in human nature that he was the obedient servant; and this is to be understood not only of a preparation of this body in the purposes counsel and covenant of God; but chiefly of the formation of it in the womb of the virgin where it was curiously wrought and prepared by the Holy Ghost that he might have something to offer and in it become as he did an offering and a sacrifice to God of a sweet smelling savour;

burnt offering and sin offering hast thou not required; any longer; this body being prepared for the Messiah to be offered up in.

 

Psalm 40:7  7 Then I said “Behold I come; In the scroll of the book it is written of me.
   YLT 
7Then said I `Lo I have come ' In the roll of the book it is written of me

Then said I .... As in the council and covenant of peace when and where he declared his willingness to come into the world and make satisfaction for the sins of his people; so when the fulness of time was come for his appearance in human nature he repeated the same; for of the time of his coming into the world are these words interpreted Hebrews 10:5; when sacrifice and offering God would not have any longer continued and when a body was prepared him then he said

Lo I come; O Father; as Apollinarius in his metaphrase adds; that is freely and without compulsion; immediately at once without any delay; and he himself and not another; and this not by change of place but by assumption of nature; taking the body or human nature prepared for him and uniting it to himself; to which the word "lo" is prefixed as a note of attention and admiration; the incarnation of Christ being a wonderful affair and of the utmost moment and importance;

in the volume of the book it is written of me; either in the book of divine predestination in the purposes and decrees of God Psalm 139:16; or in the book of the Scriptures; either in general John 5:39 Luke 24:27; or particularly in the book of the Psalms Psalm 1:1; or rather in the book of the law the five books of Moses since these were the only books or volumes that were composed at the writing of this psalm; and it has respect not to Deuteronomy 18:15; nor Deuteronomy 17:18; nor Exodus 21:6; but rather Genesis 3:15; and seeing the coming of Christ into the world was not only appointed of God agreed unto by Christ but was prophesied of and penned down in the sacred writings; therefore at the appointed time he came freely and willingly. This book is called a volume or roll alluding to the manner of writing formerly; when what was written was finished it was rolled about a stick in the manner of a cylinder; and in this form is the book of the law with the Jews to this day; See Gill on Luke 4:17.

 

Psalm 40:8  8 I delight to do Your will O my God And Your law is within my heart.”

   YLT  8To do Thy pleasure my God I have delighted And Thy law [is] within my heart.

I delight to do thy will O my God .... This he came down from heaven to do and this he did do by preaching the Gospel and working miracles; and above all by obtaining eternal redemption for his people which he effected by fulfilling the law becoming a sacrifice and suffering and dying in their room; all which were the will of God and grateful to him and in doing which Christ took the utmost delight and pleasure John 4:34;

yea thy law is within my heart; either the whole moral law under which he was as man and the surety of his people; and which was written upon his heart and which he perfectly obeyed; or that particular law injunction and command laid upon him by his Father to offer himself a sacrifice and lay down his life for men; which he agreed to had it in his mind his heart was set upon it and he cheerfully complied with it John 10:18.

 

Psalm 40:9  9 I have proclaimed the good news of righteousness In the great assembly; Indeed I do not restrain my lips O Lord You Yourself know.
   YLT 
9I have proclaimed tidings of righteousness In the great assembly lo my lips I restrain not O Jehovah Thou hast known.

I have preached righteousness in the great congregation .... Not the righteousness which the law requires men to do; but the righteousness which Christ himself wrought out for the justification of them that believe; this he was a preacher as well as the author of and is part of the glad tidings he was anointed to preach Isaiah 61:1; and the wordF14בשרתי ευηγγελισαμην Sept. "evangelizavi" Schmidt Michaelis; "I have preached the glad tidings of justice" Ainsworth. here used signifies for the most part the publishing of good tidings; and this our Lord did publicly before all the people in the synagogues of the Jews and in the temple whither the people in great numbers resorted; especially at the three great festivals in the year; the feasts of passover pentecost and tabernacles when all the males were obliged to appear and made up a great congregation indeed; see John 2:23;

lo I have not refrained my lips O Lord thou knowest; Christ appeals to his divine Father the searcher of hearts and trier of reins for the truth of this; that he had not laid any restraint upon his lips nor kept back anything in his ministry that was profitable; but had taught the way of God in great integrity and sincerity; had opened his mouth and spoke freely and fully and used great plainness of speech.

 

Psalm 40:10  10 I have not hidden Your righteousness within my heart; I have declared Your faithfulness and Your salvation; I have not concealed Your lovingkindness and Your truth From the great assembly.

   YLT  10Thy righteousness I have not concealed In the midst of my heart Thy faithfulness and Thy salvation I have told I have not hidden Thy kindness and Thy truth To the great assembly.

I have not not hid thy righteousness within my heart .... Meaning not the essential righteousness of God though that was abundantly declared in the wounds sufferings and death of Christ; and which was the end indeed of his being a propitiation for sin Romans 3:25; but his own righteousness as before which he wrought out and brought in; and which is called the righteousness of God his Father because it is approved of by him and accepted with him and which he imputes to all his people;

I have declared thy faithfulness and thy salvation: trial is the "faithfulness" of God in executing all his purposes counsels and decrees which are said to be faithfulness and truth; and in fulfilling his covenant and promises relating to the redemption and salvation of men by Christ; and in the mission of Christ into this world on that account; and in the accomplishment of all the prophecies of the Old Testament concerning him; and in making good all the particular promises of support help and strength made to the Messiah himself: and by his "salvation" is meant that which is of God the Father's appointing continuing and settling in the council and covenant of grace; which he sent his Son to be the author of and which he has obtained; and is the great doctrine of the Gospel preached by himself and his faithful ministers Luke 19:9;

I have not concealed thy lovingkindness and thy truth from the great congregation; or "in the great congregation" as the Targum. By the "lovingkindness" of God is designed both his love to Christ which was before the foundation of the world and continued in his lowest state of humiliation and which our Lord was far from concealing but gave openly instances of it John 17:24; and this love to his people; and which he declared to be the same with that which he is loved with and instances in the gift of himself to them by his Father as the great evidence of it John 17:23; and by "truth" is intended the Gospel in general which came by Christ was preached by him which he bore witness to to do which was one end of his coming into the world; and this was not concealed by him who is truth itself; but was fully and plainly declared by him as it had not been before John 1:17.

 

Psalm 40:11  11 Do not withhold Your tender mercies from me O Lord; Let Your lovingkindness and Your truth continually preserve me.
   YLT 
11Thou O Jehovah restrainest not Thy mercies from me Thy kindness and Thy truth do continually keep me.

Withhold not thou thy tender mercies from me O Lord .... this is a petition of Christ to his Father when in the midst of his sorrows and sufferings before related; and particularly when he hid his face from him and withheld the discoveries of his tender and affectionate love;

let thy lovingkindness and thy truth continually preserve me; as he had promised; of which promise some notice is given Isaiah 49:8 in the fulfilment of which the lovingkindness truth and faithfulness of God would appear. Some read these words as expressive of faith in these things "thou wilt not withhold" &c. "thy lovingkindness and thy truth shall continually preserve me"F15לא תכלא "non cohibebis" Gejerus Michaelis; יצרוני "custodient me" Vatablus Gejerus Michaelis. .

 

Psalm 40:12  12 For innumerable evils have surrounded me; My iniquities have overtaken me so that I am not able to look up; They are more than the hairs of my head; Therefore my heart fails me.

   YLT  12For compassed me have evils innumerable Overtaken me have mine iniquities And I have not been able to see; They have been more than the hairs of my head And my heart hath forsaken me.

For innumerable evils have compassed me about .... Like floods of water all around him; see Psalm 18:4; these are the evils of punishment inflicted on him as the surety and Saviour of his people; such as the sorrows and griefs he bore all his days; the cruel mockings and scourges he endured; his being buffeted and spit upon; his head crowned with thorns and his hands and feet pierced with nails; insulted by men and devils; crucified between two thieves and so died the shameful and painful death of the cross;

mine iniquities have taken hold upon me; not any committed by him; he was conceived born and lived without sin knew none nor did he any; but the sins of his people which were imputed to him laid upon him and which he voluntarily took and bore; and which he reckoned as his own and was responsible for them; these when he hung upon the cross came upon him from all quarters and he bore them in his own body upon the tree;

so that I am not able to look up; or "cannot see"F16לראות לא יכלתי "non potai videre" Pagninus Montanus Musculus; "cernere" Cocceius; "intueri" Gejerus. ; either the end of these iniquities they being so numerous as is after related; or he could not bear to look upon them they were so filthy and nauseous and he so pure and holy; or he could not behold his Father's countenance which these sins that were upon him separated him from and caused to be hid from him; or like one pressed down with the guilt of sin as the poor publican was could not so much as lift up his eyes to heaven Luke 18:13;

they are more than the hairs of mine head; as they must needs be since they were the iniquities of all the elect of God of the whole general assembly ad church of the firstborn written in heaven Isaiah 53:6;

therefore my heart faileth me; as man; see Psalm 22:14; though being supported by his divine nature and by his divine Father and eternal Spirit he failed not nor was he discouraged Isaiah 42:4; this is said to show the truth of the human nature the greatness of men's sins the strictness of divine justice and what strength was necessary to accomplish man's salvation.

 

Psalm 40:13  13 Be pleased O Lord to deliver me; O Lord make haste to help me!
   YLT 
13Be pleased O Jehovah to deliver me O Jehovah for my help make haste.

Be pleased O Lord to deliver me .... From the innumerable evils which compassed him about; from sinful men and from devils signified by the sword dog and lion Psalm 22:20; and from the power and dominion of death and the grave; all which was done when he was raised from the dead and as the fruit and effect of God's well pleasedness in him and with what he did and suffered; see Psalm 22:8;

O Lord make haste to help me; See Gill on Psalm 22:19.

 

Psalm 40:14  14 Let them be ashamed and brought to mutual confusion Who seek to destroy my life; Let them be driven backward and brought to dishonor Who wish me evil.
   YLT 
14They are ashamed and confounded together Who are seeking my soul to destroy it They are turned backward And are ashamed who are desiring my evil.

Let them be ashamed and confounded together .... As they will be at the last day when they shall see him whom they have pierced come in the clouds of heaven in his own and his Father's glory and in the glory of the holy angels;

that seek after my soul to destroy it; that is his life as did Herod in his infancy and the Scribes and Pharisees chief priests and elders of the people of the Jews frequently and at last accomplished what they sought after;

let them be driven backward; as those were who came with Judas into the garden to apprehend him John 18:6;

and put to shame that wish me evil: as did the Jews who sought all opportunities to ensnare him and that they might have to accuse him to the Roman governor; and who earnestly desired his crucifixion and vehemently wished his death; see Psalm 41:5.

 

Psalm 40:15  15 Let them be confounded because of their shame Who say to me “Aha aha!”

   YLT  15They are desolate because of their shame Who are saying to me `Aha aha.'

Let them be desolate for a reward of their shame .... Of their shameful wishes words and actions as they were: their habitations in Jerusalem were desolate and so was their house or temple there and their whole land and they themselves were stripped of everything when Jerusalem was taken and destroyed; see Matthew 23:38 Acts 1:20;

that say unto me Aha aha; words expressive of joy Psalm 35:21 exulting at his miseries and sufferings on the cross Matthew 27:39; so the Targum

"we have rejoiced at his destruction with joy at his affliction.'

 

Psalm 40:16  16 Let all those who seek You rejoice and be glad in You; Let such as love Your salvation say continually “The Lord be magnified!”
   YLT 
16All seeking Thee rejoice and are glad in Thee Those loving Thy salvation say continually `Jehovah is magnified.'

Let all those that seek thee .... In the first place with their whole hearts earnestly and diligently in Christ and under the influences of his Spirit for pardon righteousness communion larger measures of grace and for honour glory immortality and eternal life;

rejoice and be glad in thee: as their covenant God the Father of their mercies the God of all comfort and salvation who pardons their sins clothes them with the robes of righteousness and garments of salvation and accepts their persons in Christ; all which is matter of joy and gladness: Christ is concerned for the joy of his people John 15:11; the Targum is "they shall" or "let them rejoice and be glad in thy word": in himself the essential Word in whom there is always ground and reason of joy and gladness; because of his person blood righteousness and sacrifice;

let such as love thy salvation; either Christ who is God's salvation Genesis 49:18; and who is loved by his people universally superlatively and sincerely; or the salvation of him his deliverance from the grave resurrection from the dead and exaltation; the benefits of which believers share in and so have reason to love it: or the salvation he is the author of which is loved by those that know it; partly because agreeable to the divine perfections the glory of God is great in it; and partly because it is so full and complete in itself and so suitable to them;

say continually the Lord be magnified; let this be their constant employment in this world as it will be for ever in the next to ascribe greatness to God; or greatly to praise him because of the great salvation wrought out for them.

 

Psalm 40:17  17 But I am poor and needy; Yet the Lord thinks upon me. You are my help and my deliverer; Do not delay O my God.

   YLT  17And I [am] poor and needy The Lord doth devise for me. My help and my deliverer [art] Thou O my God tarry Thou not.

But I am poor and needy .... As Christ was literally 2 Corinthians 8:9; and in a spiritual sense when deserted by his Father forsaken by his disciples and surrounded by his enemies; and had the sins of his people the curse of the law and the wrath of God upon him;

yet the Lord thinketh upon me; thinketh good for me as the Targum; or thinks highly of me; has me in great esteem though despised of men and in such a suffering state;

thou art my help and my deliverer; he believed he should have what he prayed for Psalm 40:13; see Isaiah 50:7;

make no tarrying O my God; which is a repetition of the request in Psalm 40:13.

 

──John Gill’s Exposition of the Bible