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Psalm Fifty-two

 

Psalm 52 Outline of Contents

The End of the Wicked and the Peace of the Godly (v.1~9)

New King James Version (NKJV)

To the Chief Musician. A Contemplation[a] of David when Doeg the Edomite went and told Saul and said to him “David has gone to the house of Ahimelech.”

        YLT  To the Overseer. -- An instruction by David in the coming in of Doeg the Edomite and he declareth to Saul and saith to him `David came in unto the house of Ahimelech.'

 

INTRODUCTION TO PSALM 52

To the chief Musician Maschil cf15I A Psalm of David when Doeg the Edomite came and told Saul and said unto him David is come to the house of Ahimelech. Of the title "Maschil" See Gill on Psalm 32:1 title. The occasion of this psalm is here related the history of which is in 1 Samuel 21:7. The sum of it is this; David having fled from Saul came to Ahimelech the priest at Nob and desired bread and a sword of him which were given him Doeg the Edomite being present at the same time. Sulpicius SeverusF19Sacr. Hist. l. 1. p. 43. calls him a Syrian following the Greek version of 1 Samuel 21:7; and so does JosephusF20Antiqu. l. 6. c. 12. s. 1. 4. through a mistake of the letter ד for ר an Aramite instead of an Edomite; See Gill on 1 Samuel 21:7 and See Gill on 1 Samuel 22:9; this man observed what was done for David by the priest; and when Saul complained to his captains that they all conspired against him and no man was sorry for him or showed him the intrigue between David and his son; Doeg stood up and related what and more than what he had heard and seen pass between David and Ahimelech; upon which Saul sent for the priest and all his father's house with him and charged him with treasonable practices; and though he solemnly protested his innocency Saul would not believe him but ordered his footmen to fall upon him and upon all the priests with him; but they refusing he commanded Doeg to do it who accordingly did and slew eighty five priests and destroyed all in the city of Nob men women children and sucklings oxen asses and sheep; only Abiathar the son of Ahimelech escaped who fled to David and reported the whole affair; upon which he penned this psalm: in which he has respect not only to the then present case but to future times Doeg being a type of antichrist the man of sin; in his name which signifies "anxious [and] solicitous"F21A rad. דאג "solicitus anxius fuit" Buxtorf. as he was to gain the king's favour and obtain wealth and honour; so is antichrist to grasp all power civil and ecclesiastical and to get worldly honour and riches: in the country he was of being an Edomite; and it is easy to observe that Edom is the name which the Jews commonly give to the Roman empire in which antichrist has his seat and power: in his religion being a proselyte of the Jews and was at an act of devotion detained before the Lord when he saw and heard what passed between David and Ahimelech; so antichrist appeared with the mask of religion rose up out of the church and sat in the temple of God showing himself as though he was God: in his office the chiefest of the herdmen or mightiest among the shepherds of Saul; so antichrist calls himself "princeps pastorum" that is "the chief of pastors"; assuming to himself the title which belongs to Christ the chief Shepherd and Bishop of souls: and lastly in his cruelty in slaying the priests of the Lord. Antichrist is notorious for shedding and drinking the blood of the saints the faithful confessors and witnesses of Jesus Christ. In this psalm David upbraids him with his glorying in his wickedness and checks it by observing that the grace and goodness of God to his people ever endures Psalm 52:4; charges him with devising mischief and loving it Psalm 52:2; and foretells his everlasting ruin and destruction Psalm 52:5; which will be seen by the righteous with pleasure who will have just reason to insult over him Psalm 52:6; and the psalm is concluded with an account of the happy condition and comfortable frame of soul the psalmist was in in a view of all his troubles and enemies; he was flourishing in the church of God trusted in the mercy of God for ever and determined always to praise him and wait upon him which is good for the saints to do Psalm 52:8.

 

Psalm 52:1  Why do you boast in evil O mighty man? The goodness of God endures continually.
   YLT 
1What boasteth thou in evil O mighty one? The kindness of God [is] all the day.

Why boastest thou thyself in mischief?.... Or "in evil"F23ברעה "in malo" Vatablus Junius & Tremellius Gejerus. ; in that which is sinful; to glory in riches wisdom and strength which are not in themselves evil is wrong; and to rejoice in such boastings all such rejoicing is evil; to be a doer of mischief or sin is bad; to make a sport of it worse; but to glory in it and boast of it when done is worse still: to be boasters of evil things is the character of antichrist and his followers 2 Timothy 3:2; who not only boast of their merit their good works and works of supererogation and of their riches and honour and grandeur saying "I sit as a queen" Revelation 18:7; but of their wickedness in shedding the blood of the saints thinking thereby they do God good service and merit heaven and eternal happiness; as Doeg boasted of his slaughter of the priests and of his gaining the king's favour by it;

O mighty man! referring either to his office being the chief of Saul's herdmen and set over his servants 1 Samuel 21:7; or ironically to the mighty deed he had done in slaying the unarmed priests and putting to death the very sucklings at the breast and even the innocent sheep oxen and asses; or to his great wickedness and power to commit it; though man has no power and free will to that which is good yet he has to that which is evil; so the Septuagint Vulgate Latin and the eastern versions render it "O thou! mighty in wickedness"; and to the same purpose the Targum paraphrases it "mighty to shed innocent blood"; and the note of Aben Ezra is "mighty to do evil". A learned writerF24Delaney's Life of King David vol. 1. p. 119. thinks this relates to Saul and describes him as a man of power and dignity. The character well agrees with the little horn and Romish beast Daniel 7:20;

the goodness of God endureth continually: that is the love grace and mercy of God; this is observed as what is the matter of the saints' boasting in opposition to the wicked boasting of Doeg; they glory in the love of God and in that they know him who exerciseth lovingkindness which is the source of all the blessings of grace and goodness; and in Christ through whom all are communicated to them; and in him as made every blessing to them wisdom righteousness sanctification and redemption: they ascribe the whole of their salvation and all they have to the grace of God and glory in nothing as of themselves and as though not received of the Lord. Moreover the psalmist may take notice of this as what was his support under all the persecutions he endured from men; that he had an interest in the grace and goodness of God which is immutable and everlasting invariably the same in all states and conditions; and that he was encompassed about with the favour of God as with a shield; and that it was not in the power of his most implacable enemies to separate him from the love of God; and therefore it was egregious folly in Doeg to boast himself in mischief; for be he as mighty as he might he could not prevent his sharing in the divine goodness which always continues.

 

Psalm 52:2  2 Your tongue devises destruction Like a sharp razor working deceitfully.
   YLT 
2Mischiefs doth thy tongue devise Like a sharp razor working deceit.

Thy tongue deviseth mischiefs .... Abundance of mischiefs in a variety of ways against many persons even all good men. What properly belongs to the heart is here ascribed to the tongue; because as Aben Ezra observes it is the interpreter and discoverer of the thoughts of the heart: out of the abundance of that the tongue speaks and declares the mischief it has devised. Doeg intended mischief to David when he spoke to Saul 1 Samuel 22:9; so antichrist devises mischiefs against the saints of the most High to wear them out and thinks to change times and laws Daniel 7:25;

like a sharp razor working deceitfully; that is his tongue was like a razor; the razor is but a small instrument and the tongue is but a little member: the razor is a sharp and cutting one and so is the tongue; and therefore compared to a sharp sword Psalm 57:4; see Jeremiah 18:18; the razor takes off the beard cleanly and wholly; Doeg's tongue was the cause of the utter ruin of Ahimelech's family and the city of Nob; and as a razor may be said to "work deceitfully" when it turns aside in the hand of him that useth it and with the hair takes off more than it should even skin and flesh or cuts the man's throat; so in a deceitful and insidious manner did Doeg work the destruction of Ahimelech and the priests of the Lord.

 

Psalm 52:3  3 You love evil more than good Lying rather than speaking righteousness. Selah
   YLT 
3Thou hast loved evil rather than good Lying than speaking righteousness. Selah.

Thou lovest evil more than good .... Indeed not good at all; such comparatives being strong negatives; see Psalm 118:8; a wicked man loves evil and nothing else; his carnal mind being enmity to all that is good

and lying rather than to speak righteousness; as appears by his affirming that Ahimelech inquired of the Lord for David when he did not 1 Samuel 22:10; and by suffering some things to pass for truths which were falsehoods when it lay in his power to have disproved them: and such a lover of lies is antichrist; see 1 Timothy 4:2.

Selah; on this word; see Gill on Psalm 3:2. The Targum renders the word "Selah" here "for ever" as in Psalm 52:5.

 

Psalm 52:4  4 You love all devouring words You deceitful tongue.

   YLT  4Thou hast loved all devouring words O thou deceitful tongue.

Thou lovest all devouring words .... Or "words of swallowing up"F25דברי בלע "verba absorptionis" Vatablus Gejerus Schmidt. ; such as lies calumnies and detractions are which devour the characters and reputations of men and are the cause sometimes of their utter ruin and destruction; of the devouring and blasphemous words of antichrist see Revelation 13:5;

O thou deceitful tongue; See Gill on Psalm 52:2.

 

Psalm 52:5  5 God shall likewise destroy you forever; He shall take you away and pluck you out of your dwelling place And uproot you from the land of the living. Selah
   YLT 
5Also -- God doth break thee down for ever Taketh thee and pulleth thee out of the tent And He hath uprooted thee Out of the land of the living. Selah.

God shall likewise destroy thee for ever .... As a just retaliation for the mischief done to others; or "therefore God shall destroy"F26גם δια τουτο Sept. "propterea" V. L. "idcirco etiam" Piscator; "ideo etiam" Michaelis. &c. even body and soul in hell with an everlasting destruction which will be the case of every wicked man and particularly of the antichristian party Revelation 14:10; the word is used of breaking down the house in which the leprosy was Leviticus 14:45; and denotes the utter extinction of Doeg's family and the irrecoverable ruin of antichrist Revelation 18:21;

he shall take thee away; as fire from the hearth Isaiah 30:14; or as burning coals from the altar: a word from the root here used signifies a censer: and the meaning is that as his tongue was a fire and set on fire of hell and he was as a burning coal he was fit for nothing but to be cast into everlasting burnings;

and pluck thee out of thy dwelling place; "tent" or "tabernacle"F1מאהל "de tabernaculo" V. L. Pagninus Montanus Musculus; "e tentorio" Junius & Tremellius Piscator Cocceius. ; referring to the tents of shepherds he being the chief of Saul's shepherds or to some stately palace he had built for himself to dwell in upon his advancement at court; or rather to the tabernacle of the Lord where he had been an hypocritical worshipper; but now should be cut off from the church of God as a rotten member and cast out of the tabernacle of Jacob Malachi 2:12; while David flourished as an olive tree in the house of the Lord Psalm 52:8;

and root thee out of the land of the living. In retaliation for his rooting out Ahimelech's family and the inhabitants of Nob; so in like manner he and his should be destroyed root and branch and not see the goodness of the Lord in the land of the living nor enjoy eternal life in the world to come.

Selah; on this word; see Gill on Psalm 3:2. The Targum renders the word "Selah" here "for ever" as in Psalm 52:3.

 

Psalm 52:6  6 The righteous also shall see and fear And shall laugh at him saying
   YLT 
6And the righteous see And fear and laugh at him.

The righteous also shall see .... The Targum adds "the punishment of the wicked"; particularly what is before predicted of Doeg. The judgments of God upon the ungodly as they are certain so they will be visible either in this world or in that to come Revelation 15:4;

and fear; the Targum adds "from before the Lord"; not with a slavish fear with a dread of the same punishment from which they are free through the righteousness of Christ imputed to them by which they are denominated righteous ones; though the judgments of God on others strike them with solemn awe and reverence Psalm 119:120 but with a filial godly fear; with a fear of God for his goodness to them in delivering them out of the hands of wicked men which engages them more and more to fear the Lord and to serve and worship him; see Revelation 15:4;

and shall laugh at him; at Doeg; and so at any other wicked man when they see the vengeance of God upon him Psalm 58:10; not that they rejoice at that barely considered in itself or as it is an evil and mischief to wicked men; for that does not become them Proverbs 24:17; but as it is expressive of the care of God over them and love to them in avenging their enemies; and more especially as the glory of divine justice is displayed therein; see Revelation 18:20; for all this will be eminently fulfilled in the destruction of antichrist.

 

Psalm 52:7  7 “Here is the man who did not make God his strength But trusted in the abundance of his riches And strengthened himself in his wickedness.”

   YLT  7`Lo the man who maketh not God his strong place And trusteth in the abundance of his riches He is strong in his mischiefs.'

Lo this is the man that made not God his strength .... The Targum renders it "that made not the Word of the Lord his strength". These are the words the righteous would say when they should see the destruction of Doeg: see the man the mighty man and his end; what all his ill gotten honour and riches are come to; and what his wickedness deceit and cruelty have brought upon him. The righteous make the Lord their strength put their trust in him in whom is everlasting strength; do all they do in his strength; fly to him as their "strong hold" as the wordF2מעוזו "arcem suam" Cocceius; "presidium munimemtum" Michaelis. may be rendered; thither they run and are safe: but the rich man's wealth is his strong city Proverbs 18:10; there he thinks himself safe and places his confidence in it as follows:

but trusted in the abundance of his riches; See Gill on Psalm 49:6; so the antichristian whore is represented as boasting of her riches and honour and trusting in them that they would always continue Revelation 18:7; like the fool in Luke 12:19;

and strengthened himself in his wickedness; encouraged and hardened himself in sin gave up himself to it; and by art obstinate continuance in it strengthened the vicious habits contracted; stretched out his hand against God and strengthened himself against the Almighty; went on in a daring manner promising himself impunity; and as if his wickedness was his strength his safeguard and protection: or in his mammon his wealth and substance; as the Targum interprets it; and so R. Saadiah GaonF3Apud Kimchi in loc. and with which the Syriac version agrees; and then the sense is the same with the other clause. But alas! what are all such forces of strength when wrath comes forth from the Lord of hosts? Job 36:18.

 

Psalm 52:8  8 But I am like a green olive tree in the house of God; I trust in the mercy of God forever and ever.
   YLT 
8And I as a green olive in the house of God I have trusted in the kindness of God To the age and for ever

But I am like a green olive tree in the house of God .... Or rather it should be supplied "I shall be"F4"Ero" Piscator Cocceius Gejerus. ; since David was at this time an exile from the house of God: and this expresses his faith and confidence that notwithstanding his present troubles he should be restored again and be in a very flourishing condition in the church of God; which is here meant by "the house of God": it being of his building and where he dwells and where to have a place is the great privilege of the saints; they are planted there by the Lord himself and shall never be rooted up; they are fixed there and shall never go out; which was David's confidence Psalm 23:6; and where he believed he should be as "a green olive tree"; which is a very choice and fruitful tree has fatness in it produces an excellent oil; is beautiful to look at; delights in hot climates and sunny places; is found on mountains we read of the mount of Olives; is ever green and durable and its leaves and branches are symbols of peace: all which is applicable to truly righteous persons and believers in Christ; who are the excellent of the earth are filled with the fruits of righteousness; are fat and flourishing; have the oil of grace the anointing which teacheth all things; are a perfection of beauty made perfectly comely through Christ's comeliness; thrive under him the sun of righteousness; grow in the mountain of the Lord's house the church: their grace is incorruptible their leaf withers not; they are rooted in Christ and ever continue; they are the sons of peace and their last end will be eternal peace. Now as such David was assured he should be when his enemy would be rooted up out of the land of the living and cast like a dry and worthless branch into everlasting burnings; the ground of which confidence follows:

I trust in the mercy of God for ever and ever; the mercy of God is not only an encouragement to trust but the object of it; not the absolute mercy of God but the grace and goodness of God in Christ Jesus which endures continually Psalm 52:1; and so does hope in it which never makes ashamed but abides to the end. The psalmist seems to have respect to the mercy promised him that he should sit upon the throne. This he believed and therefore was assured he should be in the flourishing circumstances in the house of God before mentioned.

 

Psalm 52:9  9 I will praise You forever Because You have done it; And in the presence of Your saints I will wait on Your name for it is good.

   YLT  9I thank Thee to the age because Thou hast done [it] And I wait [on] Thy name for [it is] good before Thy saints!

I will praise thee for ever .... Both in this world as long as he lived and had a being in it; and in the world to come to all eternity. This is a resolution respecting what he would do when he should be in the happy condition he was confident of;

because thou hast done it; the Targum interprets it "the revenge of my judgment"; meaning the vengeance of God on Doeg; and to the same sense Aben Ezra and Kimchi: though it may refer to the comfortable and happy condition he should be in Psalm 52:8; and which he wholly ascribes to the grace and goodness of God and not to any merits of his own and therefore determines to praise him for it;

and I will wait on thy name; on the Lord himself in his house and ordinances for his presence and fresh supplies of grace and strength when he should be restored. Or the sense is that in the mean while he would wait patiently on the Lord until he had accomplished what he had promised and David believed;

for it is good before thy saints; the sense is either that it is good to wait upon the Lord and for him; which appears to be so to all the saints by the comfortable experience they have had of it Isaiah 40:31; or the name of the Lord is good unto them pleasant delightful and comfortable as proclaimed Exodus 34:6; see Song of Solomon 1:3; and also Revelation 15:4.

 

──John Gill’s Exposition of the Bible

 

New King James Version (NKJV)

Footnotes:

  1. Psalm 52:1 Hebrew Maschil