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Micah Chapter Four                            

 

Micah 4 Outlines

The Lord’s Reign in Zion (v.1~5)

Zion’s Future Triumph (v.6~13)

New King James Version (NKJV)

 

INTRODUCTION TO MICAH 4

This chapter contains some gracious promises concerning the glory and happiness of the church of Christ in the last days; as of its stability exaltation and increase and of the spread of the Gospel from it Micah 4:1; and of the peace and security of it and constant profession and exercise of religion in it Micah 4:3; and of the deliverance of it from affliction and distress and the ample and everlasting kingdom of Christ in it Micah 4:6; and then follow some prophecies more particularly respecting the Jews; as that though they should be in distress and be carried captive into Babylon they should be delivered from thence Micah 4:9; and though many people should be gathered against them yet should not be able to prevail over them but their attempts would issue in their own destruction Micah 4:11.

 

Micah 4:1  Now it shall come to pass in the latter days That the mountain of the Lord’s house Shall be established on the top of the mountains And shall be exalted above the hills; And peoples shall flow to it.
   YLT 
1And it hath come to pass In the latter end of the days The mount of the house of Jehovah Is established above the top of the mounts And it hath been lifted up above the hills And flowed unto it have peoples.

But in the last days it shall come to pass that the mountain of the house of the Lord shall be established in the top of the mountains .... It appears by the adversative but with which these words are introduced that they have a dependence upon and a connection with the last of the preceding chapter; signifying that though "the mountain of the house" on which the temple stood should become desolate yet "the mountain of the house of the Lord" which is not literally the same but what that was typical of the church of Christ should be greatly exalted and enlarged; and which according to this prophecy would be "in the last days": that is as Kimchi rightly interprets it the days of the Messiah; and it should be observed that all this will be in the last of his days or of the Gospel dispensation: the first of these days were the days of Christ in the flesh the times of his ministry and of John the Baptist his forerunner and of his disciples; and were indeed the last days of the Jewish world or of their civil and church state; and when also it must be allowed the mountain of the Lord's house or the temple literally taken became glorious by the presence of Christ in it by his doctrine and miracles there and by the effusion of the Spirit on his disciples in that place and the ministration of the Gospel; but then all this was before the destruction of the second temple; whereas this prophecy follows that and is opposed to it and supposes it; besides in those times there was not such an exaltation and stability of the church of Christ; nor such a flow of nations to it; nor such a settled and universal peace and security as here promised: this prophecy therefore respects times yet to come as Aben Ezra observes; the last of the days of the Messiah or the last times of the Gospel dispensation when the reign of antichrist will be at an end; he will be destroyed and the kingdom of Christ set up established and enlarged in the world. The Prophet Isaiah predicts the same things and much in the same words Isaiah 2:2; these two prophets were contemporary and might converse together and communicate to each other what they had received from the Lord upon this subject; but it is needless to inquire which might have them from the other since they were both holy men of God and moved by his Spirit and were inspired by the same Spirit with the same things and to speak the same language; yet there is a diversity in words though an agreement in sentiment nor does it appear a clear case that they borrowed much less that they stole their words from one other as the false prophets did; for they do not always use the same words to convey the same idea; and there are some words which Isaiah has that Micah has not and there are others that Micah uses that Isaiah has not; though in the whole there is a most beautiful harmony of sense in their diversity of expression. By "the mountain of the house of the Lord" is not meant the temple built on Mount Moriah where the divine Majesty resided; where were the symbols of his presence the ark and mercy seat and where he was worshipped which has been destroyed long ago and will never be rebuilt more; for a third temple hereafter to be built at Jerusalem is a mere fiction of the Jews; nor indeed is any material building here intended and still less any such building to be erected in such an absurd sense literally taken as if mountain was piled on mountain and hill on hill to raise it higher; but mystically and spiritually it designs the church of God called so because it is built by him and built for a habitation for him; where he will at the time here referred to more manifestly dwell in a spiritual manner; and by whom and by which spiritual and gracious presence of his it will be made very beautiful and glorious: and it is signified by a "mountain" to denote its visibility immovableness and perpetuity; and is said to be "established in the top of the mountains" with respect to the kingdoms of this world and especially antichristian churches which because of their eminence and largeness and national establishment may seem like mountains; but in the latter day the true church of Christ which now may seem like a mole hill to them will be above them and will be in a settled state and condition and not be fluctuating and tossed to and fro and removing here and there as now; but be fixed and stable and continue so until the second and personal coming of Christ:

and it shall be exalted above the hills: by "hills" may be meant petty kingdoms inferior to greater monarchies; or religious states not of Christ's constitution; and the "exaltation" of the church above them denotes her power over them to enjoy the one and crush the other: it may respect the glory of the church both as to things temporal and spiritual; for now will the kingdoms under the whole heaven be given to the saints of the most High; civil government will come into their hands the kings and princes of the earth being now members of Gospel churches; so that the church will be in a glorious and exalted state having riches power and authority a large extent everywhere and a multitude of members and those of the highest class and rank as well as of the meaner and lower sort; and all of them possessed largely of the gifts and graces of the Spirit of God and enjoying the Gospel and Gospel ordinances in their power and purity:

and the people shall flow unto it: in great abundance in large numbers in company like the flowing streams of a river; and may denote not only their numbers but their swiftness and readiness to join themselves with the church of God to hear the word and partake of the ordinances and of all the privileges of the house of the Lord. It may be rendered "they shall look unto it" as the word is translated in Psalm 34:6; and so the Targum here

"and the kingdoms shall look (or turn their faces) to serve upon it;'

and this sense is preferred by many learned Jewish writersF14R. Saadiah Abu Walid R. Tanchuma apud Pocock in loc. ; and the meaning may be that multitudes seeing the glory of the church and the many desirable things in it shall look to it with a look of love and affection and with a wishful look greatly desiring to be admitted into it. In Isaiah 2:2; it is said "and all nations shall flow unto it": not the people of the Jews only now converted; or a single and on only or some out of that; but all the nations of the world at least great numbers out of all by far the greatest in them; such an increase will there be of the churches in the latter day.

 

Micah 4:2  2 Many nations shall come and say “Come and let us go up to the mountain of the Lord To the house of the God of Jacob; He will teach us His ways And we shall walk in His paths.” For out of Zion the law shall go forth And the word of the Lord from Jerusalem.
   YLT 
2And gone have many nations and said Come and we go up to the mount of Jehovah And unto the house of the God of Jacob And He doth teach us of His ways And we do walk in His paths For from Zion doth go forth a law And a word of Jehovah from Jerusalem.

And many nations shall come and say come and let us go up to the mountain of the Lord and to the house of the God of Jacob .... In Isaiah 2:3; it is "many people" &c. the sense is the same; See Gill on Isa 2:3;

and he will teach us of his ways and we will walk in his paths; the teacher is the King Messiah as Kimchi observes; the great Prophet of his people the teacher sent from God; and will in the last days teach men by his Spirit and word in a very plentiful manner and with great success:

for the law shall go forth of Zion and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem; these according to Kimchi are the words of the prophet and not of the people that encourage one another to go up to the house of the Lord; but the sense is much the same; for they contain a reason why the people of different nations would encourage one another to go to the house of the Lord that they might learn his ways and walk in his statutes because here the word of the Lord is preached; the word which comes from God and is concerning him his love and grace to men; the word of peace and righteousness of life and salvation by Jesus Christ: and each of the doctrines of grace intended by the "law" or "doctrine" of the Lord; the doctrines of God's everlasting love of election in Christ and redemption by him; of justification by his righteousness pardon by his blood and satisfaction by his atonement; as well as of regeneration by the Spirit of God and of perseverance in grace: in these and others now shall all the Lord's people be taught more clearly distinctly and comfortably; all shall know him from the least to the greatest; and not only their light and knowledge under such a teacher and such will be very great but their practice will be answerable to it; as they will be instructed in all the ways of the Lord and in the methods of his grace so they will walk in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless; See Gill on Isaiah 2:3.

 

Micah 4:3  3 He shall judge between many peoples And rebuke strong nations afar off; They shall beat their swords into plowshares And their spears into pruning hooks; Nation shall not lift up sword against nation Neither shall they learn war anymore.[a]

   YLT  3And He hath judged between many peoples And given a decision to mighty nations afar off They have beaten their swords to ploughshares And their spears to pruning-hooks Nation lifteth not up sword unto nation Nor do they learn war any more.

And he shall judge among many people and rebuke strong nations afar off .... That are in the most distant parts of the world; not only the isles afar off but the remotest parts of the continent the American nations found out since. In Isaiah 2:4 it is "and he shall judge among the nations and shall rebuke many people"; that is the King Messiah as Aben Ezra Kimchi and Ben Melech. Some render it "it shall judge" &c. and interpret it either of the Church the mountain of the Lord's house; or of the word and doctrine of the Lord; or of the Lord in the church by the ministry of the word The phrase "afar off" is not in Isaiah 2:4; which the Targum interprets "for ever" and the "strong nations" of strong kings; signifying that the kingdom of Christ should not only be to the ends or the earth but should endure for ever unto distant time even till it shall be no more; as well as shall reach to distant lands as to situation and to the Gentiles afar off as to state and condition; see Ephesians 2:14;

and they shall beat their swords into plough shares and their spears into pruning hooks; nation shall not lift up a sword against nation

neither shall they learn war any more; which as yet has never been fulfilled; but will be the case when Christ's kingdom appears in its glory and the kingdoms of this world become his and all the enemies of the church are destroyed; See Gill on Isaiah 2:4. These words are by the JewsF15T. Bab. Sabbat fol. 63. 1. applied to the days of the Messiah.

 

Micah 4:4  4 But everyone shall sit under his vine and under his fig tree And no one shall make them afraid; For the mouth of the Lord of hosts has spoken.
   YLT 
4And they have sat each under his vine And under his fig-tree And there is none troubling For the mouth of Jehovah of Hosts hath spoken.

But they shall sit every man under his vine and under his fig tree .... A proverbial phrase expressive of the greatest tranquillity security and enjoyment of property; see 1 Kings 4:25; when persons need not keep within their walled towns and cities and lack themselves up in their houses but may sit down in their gardens fields and vineyards and enjoy the fruit thereof; as the Targum interprets it

"under the fruit of his vine and under the fruit of his fig tree.'

It was usual for persons in the eastern countries to sit under vines and fig trees to read meditate pray or converse together where they grow very large as were their vines; and even with us they are frequently raised and carried over supporters so as to be sat under; and of fig trees we frequently read in Jewish writings of their being very large and of their going up to them and praying on the top of them; and of sitting under them and studying in the law there. So one of the Rabbins saysF16T. Hieros. Peah c. 7. fol. 20. 2. he went up into his mustard tree as one goes up to the top of a fig tree; and it is saidF17T. Hieros. Beracot c. 2. fol. 5. 1. he that prays on the top of an olive tree or on the top of a fig tree must come down and pray below; and againF18Ib. col. 3. R. Jacob and his companions were fasting studying in the law under a certain fig tree; and sometimes they speak of all these together of sitting under olives and under vines and under fig trees and studying in the words of the lawF19Shirhashirim Rabba fol. 16. 4. ; see John 1:48. This is to be understood as Aben Ezra and Kimchi explain it of all men; not of the Israelites only but of all nations since there will be no more war any where; hence it follows:

and none shall make them afraid; the enemies of God's people will be no more neither Turk nor pope eastern or western antichrist beast or false prophet; wherefore in those days of the Messiah Judah shall be saved and Israel shall dwell safely even all the spiritual Israel of God Jews and Gentiles; there shall be none to hurt in the holy mountain of the Lord or any violence and oppression wasting and destruction anywhere; see Jeremiah 23:5;

for the mouth of the Lord of hosts hath spoken it; who speaks nothing but truth and who is able and faithful to perform what he has spoken; and therefore all this may be depended on.

 

Micah 4:5  5 For all people walk each in the name of his god But we will walk in the name of the Lord our God Forever and ever.

   YLT  5For all the peoples do walk Each in the name of its god -- and we We do walk in the name of Jehovah our God To the age and for ever.

For all people will walk everyone in the name of his god .... Till those times come before described; when many nations and people shall flock to the church and there shall be such general peace and tranquillity as here promised; till then the nations of the earth shall retain their former religion and the profession of it with constancy till they are otherwise instructed as Aben Ezra; or till the Messiah shall turn them into the right way as Kimchi; till that time comes the Pagans will worship their idols and continue in the idolatry of their ancestors; the Papists will retain their image worship and hold to their lord god the pope as they call him; the Mahometans will cleave to their prophet and walk according to the rules he has left them to observe. Jarchi's note is

"they shall go to destruction because of their idolatry;'

with which he says the Targum agrees which is

"all nations shall go according to the idols they have worshipped;'

or as the king of Spain's Bible

"they shall be guilty or condemned because they have worshipped idols:'

and we will walk in the name of the Lord our God for ever and ever; both in the mean while and when those happy times shall come and so through all generations as long as the world stands. This is the language of those that know the Lord believe in him and sincerely serve him; who determine in the strength of divine grace to continue in their profession of faith of him in his worship and service in his ways truths and ordinances whatever others do; and indeed are the more animated to it when they observe how constant and steadfast idolaters Pagans Papists and Mahometans are in their false worship both in the profession and practice of it. The Targum is

"we will trust in the Word of the Lord our God for ever and ever;'

in Christ the essential Word; and so the phrase is expressive of faith and a profession of faith in him; and of constant attendance upon his word and ordinances.

 

Micah 4:6  6 “In that day ” says the Lord “I will assemble the lame I will gather the outcast And those whom I have afflicted;
   YLT 
6In that day -- an affirmation of Jehovah I do gather the halting one And the driven away one I bring together And she whom I have afflicted.

In that day saith the Lord will I assemble her that halteth .... The Jews or Israelites so described; not from the halting of Jacob their father as Abarbinel thinks; nor because of their halting between two opinions worshipping both the true God and idols as in the times of Elijah; for this will not suit with the Jews in their present state; but because they were like lame and maimed sheep to which the allusion is; or because they were guilty of sins which are sometimes expressed by halting Jeremiah 20:10. The word signifies such that go sideways and not uprightly; and fitly describes such who deviate from the ways of God and walk not according to the divine word: now "in that day" or time before referred to the last days of the Gospel dispensation the Lord will convert the Jews; or "heal" these lame and maimed ones so Jarchi interprets the word; or will gather them by his Spirit and grace to the Messiah and assemble them into his church and among his people and bring them into the sheepfold under the care of the one Shepherd the Lord Jesus Christ:

and I will gather her that is driven out; out of the land of Israel and scattered among the nations of the world; even driven out by the Lord himself because of their transgressions against him; see Jeremiah 16:15;

and her that I have afflicted; with various calamities with famine and sword with captivity and poverty; the Targum adds

"for the sins of my people;'

the Israelites for their idolatry and the Jews for the rejection of the Messiah and other sins.

 

Micah 4:7  7 I will make the lame a remnant And the outcast a strong nation; So the Lord will reign over them in Mount Zion From now on even forever.
   YLT 
7And I have set the halting for a remnant And the far-off for a mighty nation And reigned hath Jehovah over them in mount Zion From henceforth and unto the age.

And I will make her that halted a remnant .... That is make a reserve of her and not utterly cut her off for her halting or sinning; that there may be a seed a posterity descending from her that shall serve the Lord and appear to be a remnant according to the election of grace; which will be the persons called and gathered in the latter day:

and her that was cast afar off a strong nation; Kimchi thinks this refers to the ten tribes that were carried far off into Media and other parts 2 Kings 17:6; who shall now be a mighty and numerous people; and especially shall be strong in a spiritual sense in the Lord and in the power of his might in Christ and his grace and in the faith of him; see Isaiah 60:22;

and the Lord shall reign over them in Mount Zion from henceforth even for ever; that is Christ who is Jehovah our righteousness shall reign over the converted Jews and Israelites in the church of God often signified by Mount Zion; where they shall be assembled and shall acknowledge him as their King and be subject to his word and ordinances and never more depart from him; nor will his government over them ever cease more Luke 1:32. This shows that this prophecy refers not to the that times of the Gospel; for then the Jews would not have him to reign over them; but to times yet to come the last days of the Gospel dispensation.

 

Micah 4:8  8 And you O tower of the flock The stronghold of the daughter of Zion To you shall it come Even the former dominion shall come The kingdom of the daughter of Jerusalem.”

   YLT  8And thou O tower of Eder Fort of the daughter of Zion unto thee it cometh Yea come in hath the former rule The kingdom to the daughter of Jerusalem.

And thou O tower of the flock .... The words "Migdal Eder" are left by some untranslated and think that place to be intended so called which was near to Bethlehem Genesis 35:19; and perhaps is the same which JeromF20De locis Hebr. fol. 89. E. calls the tower of Ader about a mile from Bethlehem: this is supposed to be the place where the shepherds were watching over their flocks at the time of Christ's birth the tidings of which were first brought to them here; and the JewishF21T. Hieros. Kiddushin fol. 63. 1. T. Ban. Kiddushin fol. 55. 1. Misn. Shekalim c. 7. sect. 4. doctors speak of it as near Jerusalem and as a place of pasture; for they say that cattle between Jerusalem and Migdal Eder and in an equal space to every wind; the males were used for burnt offerings and the females for peace offerings; and this place is thought to be referred to in the latter clause of this verse: others think that Bethlehem itself is meant to which the dominion came; but rather as in the next chapter the ruler came out of that; others think that the gate in Jerusalem called the sheep gate is meant Nehemiah 3:32; and the tower at it through which Christ is supposed to pass when he entered into Jerusalem as King amidst the Hosannahs of the people; others take it to be the same with the tower of David and put for Jerusalem itself whither the tribes were gathered together three times a year like sheep in a fold so Kimchi and Ben Melech; here others interpret it spiritually of the church of Christ; but though that is sometimes spoken of as a strong city and a fortified place yet is never called a tower or a strong hold; which phrases when figuratively used are always spoken of a divine person; see Psalm 18:2; and here of the Messiah; and so the Targum interprets it

"O Christ of Israel:'

the church indeed is the "flock": the people of God are often compared to sheep for their harmlessness and innocence and the church to a flock of them which is Christ's flock he feeds like a shepherd; the flock of slaughter a little one consisting of persons separated from the world and under his peculiar care; and he is the tower of this flock in allusion to a shepherd's cottage called a tower as a cottage in a vineyard is in Isaiah 5:2; where the shepherds watch and into which they bring the sick and lame and take care of them; Christ is a high tower where his people are safe out of the reach of their enemies; and a strong one being the mighty God and mighty Saviour who has all power and strength to defend his church and people and may be well called their tower: and

the strong hold of the daughter of Zion; "the daughter of Zion" is the church particularly the church of the converted Jews; Christ is the strong hold of it into which as prisoners of hope they will be directed to turn Zechariah 9:12; a strong refuge he is to flee unto from the avenger of blood the justice of God; from the curses of the law; from the storm of divine wrath; from the temptations of Satan and from the persecutions of men; a strong hold is he to dwell in and where the saints dwell safely pleasantly at ease and peace and very comfortably and in great plenty; a strong hold for shelter from every enemy:

unto thee shall it come; not the kingdom as follows which our version leads to and is the sense of Aben Ezra; for there is a considerable accent on the word "come" which makes a large stop; and that it refers as Jarchi observes to "her that halteth" &c. "it" or "she" that halteth shall come being assembled and gathered or converted by the grace of God unto the Messiah; as to her or their tower and strong hold where all blessings of grace and the supplies of it and all salvation and safety are to be had and enjoyed. The promise respects the Jews coming to Christ upon their conversion even such who have been the halt the maimed the lame and the blind:

even the first dominion; the kingdom shall come to the daughter of Jerusalem; or rather "and the first dominion shall come the kingdom to the daughter of Jerusalem": meaning not the first notice of the Messiah's kingdom given by John the Baptist Christ and his apostles to the Jews in the first times of the Gospel; or the preaching of the Gospel of the kingdom first to them; but rather he who has the first or principal dominion and to whom the kingdom belongs he shall come to the daughter of Zion as in Zechariah 9:9; though it rather respects here his coming to them at the time of their conversion when they shall come to him Romans 11:26; and when the first chief and principal kingdom in the world and which is preferable to all others will come unto and be placed among them as in Micah 4:7; and when it shall be as some interpret it as at the beginning in the days of David and Solomon and much more abundantly.

 

Micah 4:9  9 Now why do you cry aloud? Is there no king in your midst? Has your counselor perished? For pangs have seized you like a woman in labor.
   YLT 
9Now why dost thou shout aloud? A king -- is there none in thee? Hath thy counsellor perished That taken hold of thee hath pain as a travailing woman?

Now why dost thou cry out aloud?.... Or "cry a cry"F23למה תריעי רע "quid vociferabis vociferationem" Pagninus Montanus. So Vatablus Drusius. ; a vehement one or set up a most lamentable cry as if no help or hope were to be had but as in the most desperate condition: here the prophet represents the Jews as if they were already in captivity and in the utmost distress and as they certainly would be; and yet had no reason to despair of deliverance and salvation since the Messiah would certainly come to them and his kingdom would be set up among them The word used has sometimes the notion of friendship and association; hence the Targum renders it

"now why art thou joined to the people?'

and so Jarchi

"thou hast no need to seek friends and lovers the kings of Egypt and Assyria for help.'

And which sense of the word as approved by GussetiusF24Ebr. Comment. p. 789. .

Is there no king in thee? is thy counsellor perished? he it so that they were; as was the case when Zedekiah was taken and carried captive and his princes nobles and counsellors killed; yet God their King and Counsellor was with them to keep and preserve them counsel instruct and comfort them and at last to deliver and save them; and the King Messiah would be raised up and sent unto them in due time who is the Wonderful Counsellor Isaiah had prophesied of:

for pangs have taken thee as a worn an in travail; which is often expressive of great sufferings and sorrows; and yet as the pangs of a woman in travail do not continue always but have an end so would theirs and therefore there was no reason for despair; and as when she brings forth her issue her sorrow is turned into joy this would be their case.

 

Micah 4:10  10 Be in pain and labor to bring forth O daughter of Zion Like a woman in birth pangs. For now you shall go forth from the city You shall dwell in the field And to Babylon you shall go. There you shall be delivered; There the Lord will redeem you From the hand of your enemies.

   YLT  10Be pained and bring forth O daughter of Zion As a travailing woman For now thou goest forth from the city And thou hast dwelt in the field And thou hast gone unto Babylon There thou art delivered There redeem thee doth Jehovah from the hand of thine enemies.

Be in pain and labour to bring forth O daughter of Zion

like a woman in travail .... Bear thy troubles and calamities sufferings and sorrows patiently and expect deliverance from them as a woman in such circumstances does: or as some render it in the future "thou shalt be in pain" &c.F25חולי "dolebis ac suspirabis" so some in Vatablus. ; and so is a prediction of their distress and captivity which is expressed in plainer terms in the following clauses:

for now shalt thou go forth out of the city; the city of Jerusalem; either by flight in a private and secret manner as Zedekiah and his princes and part of his army did; or by force being taken and led out by the enemy:

and thou shalt dwell in the field; being turned out of their houses they were obliged to lodge in the fields while they were collected together and in a body marched as captives to Babylon; and while on the road lay in the open fields and not in houses who had been used to dwell in a city and in their panelled houses; but now even their city itself was ploughed like a field as before predicted:

and thou shalt go even to Babylon; to the city of Babylon as their king did and many of them also; and others of them into various parts of that kingdom: this is a clear prophecy of the Babylonish captivity which came to pass upwards of a hundred years after this:

there shalt thou be delivered; after seventy years captivity by the hand of Cyrus; who taking the city of Babylon and making himself master of the whole empire delivered the Jews from their bondage and gave them liberty to return to their own land:

there the Lord shall redeem thee from the hand of thine enemies; the Chaldeans: and this was typical of the deliverance and redemption of all the Lord's people from the hand of all their spiritual enemies; from Satan and the world law death and hell; by the blood of the great Redeemer and near kinsman of his people the Lord Jesus Christ.

 

Micah 4:11  11 Now also many nations have gathered against you Who say “Let her be defiled And let our eye look upon Zion.”
   YLT 
11And now gathered against thee have been many nations who are saying: `Let her be defiled and our eyes look on Zion.'

Now also many nations are gathered against thee .... Which is to be understood not of Sennacherib's army invading Judea and besieging Jerusalem in Hezekiah's time; for that was not threshed as the phrase is afterwards used or destroyed by the daughter of Zion but by an angel from heaven: nor of the Babylonians or Chaldeans since they succeeded in their attempt and were the conquerors and not conquered: rather this respects the times of the Maccabees as the series of prophecy and history agreeing together shows; in which times many of the neighbouring nations of the Jews gave them a great deal of trouble and especially Antiochus king of Syria; and many and mighty armies sent by him. The Jews as Kimchi Aben Ezra and AbarbinelF26Mashmiah Jeshuah fol. 62. 1. interpret this of the armies of Gog and Magog in the times of their vainly expected Messiah. Some Christian interpreters with much more probability understand this passage of the first times of the Gospel and the opposition made to that and the Christian church which yet in the issue prevailed; and perhaps it may have reference to the last times and receive its full accomplishment in the battle at Armageddon Revelation 16:14;

that say let her be defiled and let our eye look upon Zion; either defiled with sin; so the Targum

"that say when will she sin and our eye shall behold the fall of Zion?'

as the effect of her sin: or as others "let her play the hypocrite"F1תחנף "hypocrita fuit" Tigurine version; velut hypocrita damnatur" Tarnovius; "hypocrisi contaminabitur Cocceius. ; and be condemned as such: or rather be defiled with slaughter and bloodshed that they might be delighted with so pleasing a sight and their eyes might feed with pleasure on an object so agreeable to their wishes.

 

Micah 4:12  12 But they do not know the thoughts of the Lord Nor do they understand His counsel; For He will gather them like sheaves to the threshing floor.

   YLT  12They have not known the thoughts of Jehovah Nor have they understood His counsel For He hath gathered them as a sheaf [into] a threshing-floor.

But they know not the thoughts of the Lord neither understand they his counsel .... Which are very different from theirs: the thoughts and designs of the enemies of Zion in the times of the Maccabees were to destroy utterly the people of God and root them out of the earth and abolish their religion and worship; but the intentions of God were to defeat them and bring them to ruin: the views of the kings of the earth being stirred up by unclean spirits to the battle of Almighty God will be to extirpate the interest and kingdom of Christ; but the end of the Lord in suffering them to be gathered together will be utterly and totally to destroy them; and the counsel of the Lord that shall stand and the thoughts of his heart to all generations. Men know their own designs but they do not know the designs of the Lord; they intend the ruin of others but God intends to bring about theirs; and his intentions are never frustrated but theirs are;

for he shall gather them as sheaves into the floor; as when the harvest is ripe it is cut down and bound up in sheaves and brought home and these are laid in order upon the floor to be threshed; so when the nations of the earth are fully ripe for ruin God will put or order to be put; in the sickle and cut them down and bind them in bundles and lay them on his threshingfloor of wrath and vengeance and utterly destroy them contrary to their views and expectations.

 

Micah 4:13  13 “Arise and thresh O daughter of Zion; For I will make your horn iron And I will make your hooves bronze; You shall beat in pieces many peoples; I will consecrate their gain to the Lord And their substance to the Lord of the whole earth.”

   YLT  13Arise and thresh O daughter of Zion For thy horn I make iron And thy hoofs I make brass And thou hast beaten small many peoples And I have devoted to Jehovah their gain And their wealth to the Lord of the whole earth!

Arise and thresh O daughter of Zion .... The nations gathered against her and now laid together on the floor as sheaves to be threshed. Here the people of God are aroused and called out of a low and weak estate and are animated and encouraged to exert themselves and fall upon their enemies and destroy them; alluding to the threshing of grain on the floor the metaphor being here carried on from Micah 4:12. The Targum is

"arise and kill O congregation of Zion;'

for I will make thine horn iron and I will make thy hoofs brass; signifying that the Lord would give them strength sufficient to such work and such power their enemies should not be able to resist and overcome; and that they should into their hands and be crushed trod and trampled on by them and utterly subdued. The allusion is to oxen that have horns and hoofs; and it suggests that they should be as strong as they; have horns like them that is power to push down their enemies and hoofs to trample upon them: or as these creatures have a horny substance on their feet or hoofs which are strong and fit for the purposes of treading out corn for which they were used in the eastern countries drawing after them iron wheels or planks stuck with flints; so horses and oxen that have strong feet and hard hoofs are said to have feet of brassF2 χαλκοποδ' ιππω "aeripedes equos" Homer. Iliad. 8. v. 41. ; thus the Lord's people should have such courage force and power as not only to withstand their enemies but to obtain a conquest over them The Targum is

"I will make the people in them strong as iron and their remnant firm as brass;'

which was true of and accomplished in Judas Maccabeus and his brethren; and will be more clearly fulfilled in the Christian kings and princes in the latter day when engaged with the antichristian states;

and thou shalt beat in pieces many people; as the Maccabees did subdue many people and nations as all Palestine Moab Idumea Samaria and Iturea as JosephusF3Antiqu. l. 13. c. 15. sect. 4. relates; and as the Christian princes will beat in pieces and utterly destroy all the antichristian kings of the earth their states and kingdoms and bring them into subjection to them:

and I will consecrate their gain unto the Lord and their substance unto the Lord of the whole earth; that is to Christ who in the last day will appear to be King and Lord of the whole earth; and all the riches of the antichristian nations Pagan Papal and Mahometan will be devolved to and employed in his interest and service; see Revelation 21:24; these are the words of God the Father with respect to his Son Jesus Christ; who will now have a dominion glory and kingdom given him by the ancient of days that so all people nations and languages shall serve him Daniel 7:14; of which there might be some type and shadow in the times of the Maccabees.

 

──John Gill’s Exposition of the Bible

 

New King James Version (NKJV)

Footnotes:

  1. Micah 4:3 Compare Isaiah 2:2–4