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Matthew Chapter
Twenty-three
I.
Content of the Chapter
The King’s Warning
Blame and Sigh
I. The Lord’s warning towards His disciples:
A. Do not imitate the deeds of the
Pharisees (v.1-4).
B. Do not follow the Pharisees’
vainglory (5-12).
II. The Lord’s blame
towards the Pharisees:
A. They shut up the kingdom of heaven
(v.13).
B. They devour widows’ houses (v.14).
C. They win one proselyte (v.15).
D. They are blind guides (v.16-22).
E. They concentrate on details and
forget the main purpose (v.23-24).
F. They are clean outside and inside are
unclean (v.25-26).
G. They are like the whitewashed tombs
(v.27-28).
H. They murder prophets (v.29-36).
III. The Lord’s sigh
towards
A. The Lord is “willing” many times
however
they are “not willing” (v.37).
B. He predicted that the city of
C. He predicted that they must know Him
as the Messiah in the last day (v.39).
II.
Verse by Verse commentary
Matt. 23:1 “Then Jesus spoke to the
multitudes and to His disciples
”
YLT: “Then Jesus spake to
the multitudes
and to his disciples
”
Literal Meaning: before this time
when the Lord preached
He usually did not mix His disciples with the
multitudes. He taught according to different audiences (See Matt. 5:1-2
10:5
13:10-11
18:1). Now He “spoke to the
multitudes and His disciples”. This shows that the following teachings were
said especially for the Jews
including His disciples (at this time His
disciples listened to the teachings standing on the position of the Jews).
Therefore
to believers in the dispensation of grace
it is not suitable for us
to keep some sentences in this chapter literally
for example “whatever they tell you to
observe
that observe and do” (See v.3)
“swear
by…” (See v.20-22)
etc.
Matt. 23:2 “saying: ‘The scribes and the Pharisees sit in Moses' seat.”
YLT: “saying
`On the
seat of Moses sat down the scribes and the Pharisees;”
The
Background: usually the “Moses’
seat” was set in the synagogue of the Jews. It was hewed by big stones and the
scribe was invited to sit on it and interpret the meaning of the Law to the
multitudes.
Literal Meaning: “the scribes and the
Pharisees” were a group of people who were zealous in the traditions of the
Jewish elders. They asked the Jews to keep the Law of Moses first and the
regulations made by the elders of all generations in addition.
“Sit in Moses’ seat” “Moses’ seat”
indicates the position to teach and instruct the Law of Moses. Therefore
it
has the authority of representing the Law (See Ezra. 7:6
25-26).
Matt. 23:3 “Therefore whatever they
tell you to observe
that observe and do
but do not do according to their
works; for they say
and do not do.”
YLT: “all
then
as much
as they may say to you to observe
observe and do
but according to their works
do not
for they say
and do not;”
Literal Meaning: “whatever they tell
you to observe” indicate their teachings about the Law; the “whatever” here is
the tone of emphasis and this does not mean all the words that they tell (See
Matt. 16:6
12).
“That observe and do” “You” were the
Jews
including His disciples. At that time the Lord had not been crucified. It
was the joint point between the dispensation of the Law and the dispensation of
grace and the disciples had not been delivered from the Law. And therefore they
still needed to observe and do the Law. Today
believers have already entered
into the dispensation of grace and we do not need to keep the laws of
ceremonies (See Col. 2: 14
20-21)
however
we still need to keep the laws and
regulations concerning morality (not the letter).
“They say
and do not do.” This is the
feature of the hypocrites (See Rom. 2:21).
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) Believers should not despise the teachings
preached by the preacher according to the Bible. After we have proved it
we
should hold fast what is good (See 1Thess. 5:20-21).
2) The feature of the Pharisees is that “they say
and do not do”. Today
there are many preachers who also “say
and do not do”.
We who receive teachings should not only pat attention to “listen” but also pay
heed to “see”.
3) The common fault of religious believers is that
they say and do not do------what they do does not accord with what they
say------“the voice is Jacob’s voice
but the hands are the hands of Esau”
(Gen. 27:22).
4) Those who “say and do not do” must not know what
they are truly saying because the true knowledge certainly brings in the true
practice.
5) Only the Lord Jesus is “mighty in deed and word”
(Luke. 24:19). He says and does. Anyone who lives by the life of the Lord is
able to say and do.
6) The true witness of the Lord must have both
spiritual knowledge and spiritual experience
i.e. the one who says and does.
We should imitate this kind of people (See 1Cor. 11:1
1Thess. 1:6).
Matt. 23:4 “For they bind heavy
burdens
hard to bear
and lay them on men's shoulders; but they themselves
will not move them with one of their fingers.”
YLT: “for they bind
together burdens heavy and grievous to be borne
and lay upon the shoulders of
men
but with their finger they will not move them.”
Literal Meaning: “they bind heavy
burdens
hard to bear
and lay them on men’s shoulders.” “Heavy burdens”
especially indicate the burdens of the Law; they bind many strict letters and
regulations on men and make it difficult for them to carry out.
“They themselves will not move them with
one of their fingers.” It means that they use the strict regulations to demand
others instead of themselves.
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) Believers not only should not lay burdens on
others’ shoulders but also should bear one another’s burdens (See Gal. 6:2).
2) Religious believers are not only “unable” to do
but also “unwilling” to move. Anyone who only knows to teach others and will
not move himself with one of his fingers is unworthy to be a leader of the
church.
Matt. 23:5 “But all their works they
do to be seen by men. They make their phylacteries broad and enlarge the
borders of their garments.”
YLT: “`And all their
works they do to be seen by men
and they make broad their phylacteries
and
enlarge the fringes of their garments
”
Meaning of Words: “borders of their
garments”: guard keeper.
The
Background: “borders of their
garments” The ancient Jews wrote four passages of words in the Scriptures
(Exod. 13:1-10
11-16
Deut. 6:4-9
11:13-21) in sheepskin scroll and put them
into the square leather box with a leather belt. They usually brought two this
kind of boxes and bound them upon the arm and the forehead respectively. The
original meaning of this action is to remind them not to forget the words of
God (See Deut. 6:6-8).
“Their phylacteries” is a lace of blue
which was put upon the fringe of borders of their garments and its original
meaning is to remind them that they should keep the commandments of God (See
Num. 15:38-39).
Literal Meaning: the Pharisees purposely broaden the small leather
box which takes the Scripture and enlarge the borders of their garments in
order to attract attention. Common people only bind the box of scriptures when
they pray
however
the Pharisees always bind them in the aim of letting others
know their piety and gain others’ praise.
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) Those who do only to be seen by others are the
hypocrites and they want to have glory of men (See Matt. 6:1-2
5
16).
2) Religious believers like to show off themselves
denote money
bear witness
do service
preach and write books and many
spiritual good works
perhaps the motives of them are to seek vain glory (See
Pill. 2:3).
Matt. 23:6 “They love the best places
at feasts
the best seats in the synagogues
”
YLT: “they love also the
chief couches in the supper
and the chief seats in the synagogues
”
Spiritual Meaning: “they love the best
places at feasts” symbolizes the status of the world; “the best seats in the
synagogues” symbolizes spiritual status.
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) The greatest temptation of leaders of the church
is from their inner hearts------they like to be held high by others and show
their importance in the multitudes.
2) Anyone who cares about titles and status in the
church cannot service well.
Matt. 23:7 “greetings in the
marketplaces
and to be called by men
‘Rabbi
Rabbi.'”
YLT: “and the salutations
in the market-places
and to be called by men
Rabbi
Rabbi.”
Meaning of Words: “Rabbi”: my master
my teacher
my great one.
Literal Meaning: “greetings in the
marketplaces” means that they like to be flattered
honored and respected in
the multitudes.
“Be called by men
‘Rabbi
Rabbi’”
“Rabbi” is the honorific title for the class of teachers (See John. 1:38
3:26)
and usually the Jews call the scribes “Rabbi”.
Matt. 23:8 “But you
do not be called
‘Rabbi'; for One is your Teacher
the Christ
and you are
all brethren.”
YLT: “`And ye ye may not
be called Rabbi
for one is your director the Christ
and all ye are brethren;”
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) “One is” shows the sole respect of God and
Christ and anyone else cannot be mentioned with Him in the same breath.
2) In the church
believers only have the
diversities of gifts and operations (See 1Cor. 12:4-6). We do not have the
distinctions of classes and we are all brothers (See Heb. 3:1
Rev. 1:9).
Matt. 23:9 “Do not call anyone on
earth your father; for One is your Father
He who is in heaven.”
YLT: “and ye may not call
[any] your father on the earth
for one is your Father
who is in the heavens
”
Literal Meaning: “do not call anyone
on earth your Father
” “Father” is the fountainhead of life. Here it did not
mean that we couldn’t call our own parents “father”. It meant that we should
not treat men on earth as the fountainhead of spiritual life.
“One is your Father
He who is in
heaven.” It shows that only God Himself is the fountainhead of our spiritual
life.
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) To the believers whose spiritual lives are
young
those whose spiritual lives are much maturer could have the heart of a
father (See 1Thess. 2:11)
however
they could not have the place of a father.
2) The most important is that no one can replace
the place of the Father in heaven in the hearts of believers.
Matt. 23:10 “And do not be called
teachers; for One is your Teacher
the Christ.”
YLT: “nor may ye be
called directors
for one is your director the Christ.”
Meaning of Words: “teachers”:
instructor
director
conductor
explainer
guide.
The
Background: at
that time
the Jewish disciples of “teachers” should obey the teachers’
instructions concerning their every movement and every action.
Literal Meaning: “do not be called
teachers.” Rabbi
Father and teacher were honorific titles for the Jews to call
the teachers (scribes) of the Law.
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) Some of the clergy in
Christianity like to be called “the Reverend” because of the vainglory.
2) Believers should not treat the commandments of
men as doctrines to obey and we should hear “Him” (See Matt. 17:5).
3) Teachers of the New Testament (1Cor. 12:28
Eph.
4:11) help us to understand the Bible and know the will of God. We should not
despise their prophecies
however
we should prove all things (See Thess.
5:20-21).
4) The teachings given by anyone else is external
and objective. Only Christ who lives in us is our subjective teacher of our
personal concern.
5) Believers only have one teacher and one Father.
Our sole fountainhead is the Father in heaven and we are only instructed by one
who is Christ; Father is the fountainhead and Christ is the way.
Matt. 23:11 “But he who is greatest
among you shall be your servant.”
YLT: “And the greater of
you shall be your ministrant
”
Meaning of Words: “servant”: deacon
minister
steward.
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) The principle of the spiritual circles: the true
“great”
disregarding of one’s appearance
status and titles
is the one who is
able to do and serve (See Matt. 20:26-27).
2) The more one serves others in the church
the
“greater” he is.
Matt. 23:12 “And whoever exalts
himself will be humbled
and he who humbles himself will be exalted.”
YLT: “and whoever shall
exalt himself shall be humbled
and whoever shall humble himself shall be
exalted.”
Literal Meaning: “who humbles himself
will be exalted” “Humble himself” indicates the modest attitude and it does not
mean the self-abasement of one’s personality.
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) “Whoever exalts himself will be humbled.” It is
the track of the fall of Satan (See Is. 14:12-14); “who humbles himself will be
exalted.” It is the way to gain glory of Christ.
2) The more one has been dealt with by cross
the
more glory will he have. Conversely
the more one’s natural part is
the more
will he be despised.
Matt. 23:13 “‘But
woe to you
scribes and Pharisees
hypocrites! For you shut up the kingdom of
heaven against men; for you neither go in yourselves
nor do you allow those
who are entering to go in.”
YLT: “`Wo to you
Scribes
and Pharisees
hypocrites! because ye shut up the reign of the heavens before
men
for ye do not go in
nor those going in do ye suffer to enter.”
The
Background: “hypocrites” In the
original it means actors on stage who speak under masks so as to play an assumed
character vividly. Their works and deeds on stage do not represent their “true
personalities”.
Literal Meaning: “woe” means that
“they will receive just deserts of evildoing” and “how sorrowful and miserable
it is”.
“For you shut up the kingdom of heaven
against men.” It means that they hold back men from entering into the kingdom
of heaven; “the kingdom of heaven” is the realm where the heaven reigns. The
scribes and the Pharisees only pay attention to the earthly things and make the
Jews not find the door (the door of the kingdom of heaven) to enter in.
“For you neither go in yourselves” means
that: a) they themselves are unrighteous and stumble others; b) their teachings
are wrong and therefore they mislead others.
Spiritual Meaning: the appearance of
religious believers does not accord with the reality of them. They purposely do
not let others know their nature of corruption. “The kingdom of heaven”
indicates the realm where the heaven reigns. Therefore “shut up the kingdom of
heaven” means that do not let men live under the heavenly authority. They make
men solely stress on vain ceremonies
letters and teachings
and do not make
their hearts turn to the Lord (See 2Cor. 3:6
16).
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) On spiritual way
the moment one does not grow
(“you neither go in yourselves”)
he will hold back others from growing (“nor do you allow those who
are entering to go in”). Spiritual
leaders who walk “in front” should never be conservative and complacent and
then shut up the door for others to receive grace because they themselves are
at a standstill.
2) Religious leaders not only do not magnify the
Lord themselves but also hold back others from listening to the words of the
Lord simply. Once they meet the teachers of heresy who refuse to obey them
they excommunicate them in excuse of the so-called disobedience to the
“delegation of authority”. This situation is often seen in the history of the
church.
Matt. 23:14 “Woe to you
scribes and
Pharisees
hypocrites! For you devour widows' houses
and for a pretense make
long prayers. Therefore you will receive greater condemnation.”
YLT: “`Wo to you
Scribes
and Pharisees
hypocrites! because ye eat up the houses of the widows
and for
a pretence make long prayers
because of this ye shall receive more abundant
judgment.”
Meaning of Words: “condemnation”:
judgment
conviction.
Literal Meaning: some hand-written
scrolls do not have this verse.
“For you devour widow’s houses”
indicates that they extort money from the helpless and make them fall into the
bind of debts.
“For a pretence make long prayers”
indicate that they make others fall into trouble
however
they themselves
maintain the form of piety.
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) “Widows” here indicate the believers who are helpless
and easily bullied and oppressed (See 1Tim. 5:5
Zech. 7:10). Religious
believers hold gain to be piety (See 1Tim. 6:5) and deceive the hearts of the
simple by good works and fair speeches in order to serve their own belly (Rom.
16:18).
2) Religious believers like to have a spiritual
form of piety and lead captive silly women (2Tim. 3:5-6) and make them be
willing to dedicate money. These religious believers who are greedy for money
have been erred from the faith and the Lord condemns that they will receive
greater condemnation and they have pierced themselves through with many sorrows
(1Tim. 6:10).
Matt. 23:15 “‘Woe
to you
scribes and Pharisees
hypocrites! For you travel land and sea to win
one proselyte
and when he is won
you make him twice as much a son of hell as
yourselves.”
YLT: “`Wo to you
Scribes
and Pharisees
hypocrites! because ye go round the sea and the dry land to make
one proselyte
and whenever it may happen ye make him a son of gehenna twofold
more than yourselves.”
Literal Meaning: “For you travel land
and sea” indicates that they do missionary work to faraway overseas countries.
“Win one proselyte” “Proselyte”
indicates that the Gentiles are converted to Judaism and become a member of the
group of the Jews. Its conditions include worshiping God
obeying the
commandments of the Law
the male’s being circumcised
receiving the baptism to
enter into Judaism
offering sacrifice and so on.
“You make him a son of hell” Because
those who follow the zealous Letterism and become one proselyte
they will be
led to be more zealous in letters and cannot extricate themselves from the
wrong faith. Consequently they will receive the everlasting punishment.
“Twice as much” The evil nature of the
blind followers and the evil they have learned from the hypocritical Pharisees
make the dual evil.
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) There is a strange phenomenon in the world that
persons with impure faith of religious groups (such as Mormon Church and
Jehovah’s witness) are more zealous to preach than Christians with pure faith.
They indeed “travel land and sea” to countries in the world to “win one
proselyte”.
2) Some Christians are zealous to preach the
gospel
unfortunately they do this out of contention (See Pill. 1:17). They do
so in order to enlarge their own “assembly” instead of for the witness of the
Lord. Woe to this kind of people.
3) Religious believers only win one
“proselyte”------to become a member of the man-made originations. They do not
lead men to walk on the way of life and contrarily make men stress on letters
which kill men (See 2Cor. 3:6) and consequently they both perish------“make him
a son of hell”.
Matt. 23:16 “‘Woe
to you
blind guides
who say
‘Whoever swears by the
temple
it is nothing; but whoever swears by the gold of the temple
he is
obliged to perform it.'”
YLT: “`Wo to you
blind
guides
who are saying
Whoever may swear by the sanctuary
it is nothing
but
whoever may swear by the gold of the sanctuary is debtor!”
Meaning of Words: “temple”: sanctuary.
Literal Meaning: “blind guides”
“Blind” indicates that he himself is in darkness and is unable to see the
correct way. However
he is confident that he is a guide of the blind
a light
of them which are in darkness
an instructor of the foolish and a teacher of
babes (
“Whoever swears by the temple
it is
nothing.” The scribes and the Pharisees in order to help the common people
abandon oaths
taught the common people that there were two grades of oaths and
whoever swears by the temple
it is nothing.
“Whoever swears by the gold of the
temple
he is obliged to perform it.” They held that “the gold of the temple”
was more important than “the temple” and therefore whoever swears by the gold
of the temple
he is obliged to perform it. “He is obliged to perform it” in
the original means that “he is in debt”.
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) Religious believers teach others with the sight
of men and judge what kind of oath is effective with the purpose of finding
excuse for their disobedience to oaths and shirking the responsibilities.
2) The principle that they have set up shows the
condition that they transpose the order and despise God.
Matt. 23:17 “Fools and blind! For
which is greater
the gold or the temple that sanctifies the gold?”
YLT: “Fools and blind!
for which [is] greater
the gold
or the sanctuary that is sanctifying the
gold?”
Literal Meaning: “for which is greater”
The Lord meant that they did not know the original order and fundamentality of
things.
“The gold or the temple that sanctifies
the gold?” “Sanctifies” means to “be separated to God”; the sanctification here
is not the sanctification of nature (See Rom. 6:19) but the positional
sanctification. Though the gold is valuable
if it is used beyond the temple
it is “common”. Only when it is used in the temple
the gold is sanctified and
therefore the temple is greater than the gold. In other words
what sanctifies
something is greater than the thing that has been sanctified.
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) Religious believers do not know how to discern
the importance and greatness and therefore the Lord judge them as “fools and
blind”.
2) “Gold” could typify that one seeks to be
spiritual. “
3) If any spiritual person or person is not unto
the church or used for the church
its value is limited.
Matt. 23:18 “And
‘Whoever swears by the altar
it is nothing; but whoever
swears by the gift that is on it
he is obliged to perform it.'”
YLT: “`And
whoever may
swear by the altar
it is nothing; but whoever may swear by the gift that is
upon it is debtor!”
Literal Meaning: “alter” indicates the sacrificial alter which is
used to offer sacrifices; “gift” indicates ox
sheep
dove
etc. The scribes
and the Pharisees hold that whoever swears by the alter
it is nothing and so
that they do not need to perform it. However
whoever swears by the gift that
is on it
he is obliged to perform it. “Is obliged to” in the original means
“is in debt”.
Matt. 23:19 “Fools and blind! For
which is greater
the gift or the altar that sanctifies the gift?”
YLT: “Fools and blind!
for which [is] greater
the gift
or the altar that is sanctifying the gift?”
Literal Meaning: When a sheep is in
the flocks of sheep and has not been separated to God
it is common. However
once it is separated to offer to the alter
it is holy and therefore the alter
is greater.
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) Religious believers lack spiritual insight
(“fools and blind”) and therefore they do not know to value the things (such
the alter and the temple) with heavenly value and on the contrary
they value
the things (such as the gift and the gold) with earthly value.
2) If believers want to be useful in the hands of
the Lord
they have to put themselves on the alter and let the cross of the
Lord (the meaning of “the alter”) deal with their natural life more.
Matt. 23:20
“Therefore
he who swears by the altar
swears by it and by all things on it.”
YLT: “`He therefore who
did swear by the altar
doth swear by it
and by all things on it;”
Literal Meaning: this verse indicates
that when men come to the alter to offer sacrifice and swear
they equally come
to God to offer sacrifice and swear.
Matt. 23:21 “He who swears by the
temple
swears by it and by Him who dwells in it.”
YLT: “and he who did
swear by the sanctuary
doth swear by it
and by Him who is dwelling in it;”
Literal Meaning: this verse indicates
that when men come to the temple to worship and swear
they equally come to God
to worship Him and swear.
Matt. 23:22 “And he who swears by
heaven
swears by the throne of God and by Him who sits on it.”
YLT: “and he who did
swear by the heaven
doth swear by the throne of God
and by Him who is sitting
upon it.”
Literal Meaning: the Lord corrects
them that and no matter what kind of oath it is
it is swore by the throne of
God and by Him who sits on it and therefore men could not violate oath.
Here the Lord pointed out the wrongness
of the scribes and the Pharisees. It did not mean that the Lord approved men to
“swear”; in the final analysis
all men’s oaths are swore by God and therefore
we should not swear at all (See Matt. 5:34-37).
Matt. 23:23 “‘Woe
to you
scribes and Pharisees
hypocrites! For you pay tithe of mint and anise
and cummin
and have neglected the weightier matters of the law: justice and
mercy and faith. These you ought to have done
without leaving the others
undone.”
YLT: “`Wo to you
Scribes
and Pharisees
hypocrites! because ye give tithe of the mint
and the dill
and
the cumin
and did neglect the weightier things of the Law the judgment
and
the kindness
and the faith; these it behoved [you] to do
and those not to
neglect.”
Meaning of Words: “justice”: judgment
righteous.
Literal Meaning: “pay tithe of mint
and anise and cummin” The scribes and the Pharisees stressed on tithe and they
were even concerned about the small products in the field (See Lev. 27:30
Deut. 14:22). “Mint and anise and cummin” are the plants used to make medicine
or flavor.
“The weightier matters of the law:
justice and mercy and faith.” The spirit of the Law could be divided into three
items: being justice to oneself
being merciful to others
and being faithful
to God (See Mic. 6:8).
“These you ought to have done
without
leaving the others undone.” It indicates that “justice
mercy and faith” should
be done
and “tithe” should not be left aside and neglected because of these
things.
This verse shows that the Pharisees only
obeyed the least regulations of the Law such as the tithe (though these things
should not be left undone)
however
they neglected “the weightier matters of
the Law: justice
mercy and faith” which should have been done.
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) The Lord did not ask men to despise the tithe.
He asked men to know the relative importance.
2) If believers only talk about justice
mercy and
faith with their lips today and do not have actual actions and misunderstand
that the tithe is not important
contrarily they are not as good as the
Pharisees.
Matt. 23:24 “Blind guides
who strain
out a gnat and swallow a camel!”
YLT: “`Blind guides! who
are straining out the gnat
and the camel are swallowing.”
The
Background: the Jews usually
used a cloth to strain the wine before they drank in case they may touch or
swallow something unclean. “The gnat and came” are unclean (See Lev. 11:4
41);
the former is a kind of very tiny insect and the latter is a large animal.
In the Syrian which was used in the
Literal Meaning: if there is a small
gnat falls in the wine
they will try their best to strain it out. However
they do not feel unclean to swallow the large camel. The Lord blamed them that
they did not discern the relative importance.
Enlightenment in the Word: if believers only argue about some words and
teachings of the Bible (such as the ways of “baptism’) and neglect the
spiritual reality that the teachings involve (such as the “die and resurrect
with the Lord together” that the baptism symbolizes)
it is to strain out a
gnat and swallow a camel.
Matt. 23:25 “‘Woe
to you
scribes and Pharisees
hypocrites! For you cleanse the outside of the
cup and dish
but inside they are full of extortion and self-indulgence.”
YLT: “`Wo to you
Scribes
and Pharisees
hypocrites! because ye make clean the outside of the cup and the
plate
and within they are full of rapine and incontinence.”
The
Background: “you cleanse the
outside of the cup and dish” The cup and dish which the Pharisees used in
worship should be cleansed through ceremonial procedures.
Literal Meaning: “but inside they are
full of extortion and self-indulgence” Just like the vessels which are clean in
the outside could be full of poisonous things
those who have been cleansed
through ceremony may be full of extortion and self-indulgence.
“Extortion” is related to the
deceitfulness of the riches (See Matt. 13:22) and self-indulgence is the lust
of the flesh (See 1John. 2:16); “extortion” indicates to oppress others in
order to fulfill one’s selfish desire and “self-indulgence” indicates to
indulge himself to fulfill his selfish desire.
In this verse the Lord blamed them that
they only stressed on the cleanness of letters (See Mark. 7:4) despite that
inside they are dirty and unclean.
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) Many people restrict their own behaviors before
a big crowd (“cleanse the outside of the cup and the dish”) and show their lust
to swallow others and indulge themselves when others are unaware (“inside they
are full of extortion and self-indulgence”).
2) Religious believers have a form of godliness but
deny the power of it (2Tim. 3:5).
Matt. 23:26 “Blind Pharisee
first
cleanse the inside of the cup and dish
that the outside of them may be clean
also.”
YLT: “`Blind Pharisee!
cleanse first the inside of the cup and the plate
that the outside of them
also may become clean.”
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) If we live in the spiritual reality
we should
pay attention to deal with our inner intentions
and naturally we will bring
forth good and pure words and deeds out of the hearts (See Matt. 12:35
15:18-19).
2) The outside behaviors originate from the inside
life------the more Christ has been informed in men (Gal. 4:19)
the more the
outside behaviors are able to magnify Christ (Pill. 1:20).
Matt. 23:27 “‘Woe
to you
scribes and Pharisees
hypocrites! For you are like whitewashed tombs
which indeed appear beautiful outwardly
but inside are full of dead men's
bones and all uncleanness.”
YLT: “`Wo to you
Scribes
and Pharisees
hypocrites! because ye are like to whitewashed sepulchres
which
outwardly indeed do appear beautiful
and within are full of bones of dead men
and of all uncleanness;”
The
Background: if the Jews step on
the tomb
they held that they may be infected with the uncleanness of the dead
and they were unclean according to the religious ceremony (See Lev. 21:1
Num.
19:16). Therefore the Jews painted the tombs in white and before the Passover
every year
they whitewashed the tombs in the countryside as usual in order to
discern for men easily (especially at night)
lest they may be careless and
defile themselves (See Luke. 11:44).
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) Religious believers think in one way and behave
in another. They are dead without lives in them. But they outside hide
(“whitewash”) their dead situation (See Rev. 3:1).
2) The outside behaviors of religious believers are
not out of lives
and therefore they appear beautiful outwardly. However
they
are still unclean before God because God has perspective sight (See 1Cor. 2:10)
and He is able to search reins and hearts (Ps. 7:9
Rev. 2:23).
Matt. 23:28 “Even so you also
outwardly appear righteous to men
but inside you are full of hypocrisy and
lawlessness.”
YLT: “so also ye
outwardly indeed do appear to men righteous
and within ye are full of
hypocrisy and lawlessness.”
Enlightenment in the Word: religious believers fear men instead of God (See
Rom. 3:18). They are only concerned about their behaviors to men and the
outward appearance instead of that before God and the inner part.
Matt. 23:29 “‘Woe
to you
scribes and Pharisees
hypocrites! Because you build the tombs of the
prophets and adorn the monuments of the righteous
”
YLT: “`Wo to you
Scribes
and Pharisees
hypocrites! because ye build the sepulchres of the prophets
and
adorn the tombs of the righteous
”
Literal Meaning: “build the tombs of
the prophets and adorn the monuments of the righteous” indicates the behaviors
of showing their respect towards the prophets and the righteous. “Prophets” are
those who speak for God; “the righteous” are those who die for God.
Matt. 23:30 “and say
‘If we had lived in the days of our fathers
we would not
have been partakers with them in the blood of the prophets.'”
YLT: “and say
If we had
been in the days of our fathers
we would not have been partakers with them in
the blood of the prophets.”
Literal Meaning: they build the tombs
of the prophets and the righteous whom their fathers had killed in order to
show that they are different from their fathers.
Enlightenment in the Word:
the Pharisees respected the former prophets and could not bear the current
prophets. Men in the religious circles usually hold high the dead ones
however
they despise the living ones.
Matt. 23:31 “‘Therefore
you are witnesses against yourselves that you are sons of those who murdered
the prophets.”
YLT: “So that ye testify
to yourselves
that ye are sons of them who did murder the prophets;”
Literal Meaning: this verse shows
that they are the clear proof for the saying that “like father
like son”.
Matt. 23:32 “Fill up
then
the
measure of your fathers' guilt.”
YLT: “and ye ye fill up
the measure of your fathers.”
Meaning of Words: “measure”: degree.
Literal Meaning: this verse means
that “you fulfill the evil which your forefathers had started to do” .The
forefathers of the Jews committed all sorts of wickedness and their present
leaders continue to do all kinds of evil and make the existing evil reach a
climax.
Matt. 23:33 “Serpents
brood of
vipers! How can you escape the condemnation of hell?”
YLT: “`Serpents! brood of
vipers! how may ye escape from the judgment of the gehenna?”
Meaning of Words: “brood”: offspring.
Literal Meaning: “serpents
brood of
vipers!” It shows that their nature comes from the evil nature of Satan (See
Matt. 3:7
12:34); their teachings contain evil (Matt. 16:12).
“How can you escape the condemnation of
hell?” They are exactly like their forefathers and only know to condemn others
and justify themselves. Therefore they cannot escape the wrath which God would
show to their forefathers
i.e. the condemnation of hell.
Matt. 23:34 “Therefore
indeed
I send
you prophets
wise men
and scribes: some of them you will kill and crucify
and some of them you will scourge in your synagogues and persecute from city to
city
”
YLT: “`Because of this
lo
I send to you prophets
and wise men
and scribes
and of them ye will kill
and crucify
and of them ye will scourge in your synagogues
and will pursue
from city to city;”
Literal Meaning: here the Lord
predicted that how the leaders of Judaism would persecute and kill all the
apostles
prophets and teachers of the New Testament who are sent by the Lord
(See Acts. 5:40
8:1-3 and etc).
Matt. 23:35 “that on you may come all
the righteous blood shed on the earth
from the blood of righteous Abel to the
blood of Zechariah
son of Berechiah
whom you murdered between the temple and
the altar.”
YLT: “that on you may
come all the righteous blood being poured out on the earth from the blood of
Abel the righteous
unto the blood of Zacharias son of Barachias
whom ye slew
between the sanctuary and the altar:”
Literal Meaning: “from the blood of
righteous Abel” “Abel” was the first righteous one who was killed (Gen.
4:8-11).
“To the blood of Zechariah
son of
Berechiah
whom you murdered between the temple and the alter.” There are two
kinds of statements about the “Zechariah” here:
a) It indicates Zechariah
the son of
the priest Jehoiada and he was stoned by men in the
b) It indicates Zechariah
the son of
Berechiah (See Zech. 1:1). According to time
this Zechariah was the last
prophet recorded in the Bible after the
Matt. 23:36 “Assuredly
I say to you
all these things will come upon this generation.”
YLT: “verily I say to
you
all these things shall come upon this generation.”
Literal Meaning: it should mean that
the sin of the blood of all the prophets and the righteous would come on the
leaders of Judaism. God would let them take on the condemnation which their
forefathers should take on and this was fulfilled in A.D. 70 as expected.
Matt. 23:37 “‘O
YLT: “`Jerusalem
Jerusalem
that art killing the prophets
and stoning those sent unto thee
how often did
I will to gather thy children together
as a hen doth gather her own chickens
under the wings
and ye did not will.”
Literal
Meaning: “stones those who
are sent to her!” Usually the Jews stone four kinds of men to death: a) those
who serve other gods (See Deut. 17:5
7); b) anyone who has a wizard (See Lev.
20:27); c) those who commit adultery (See Deut. 22:22
John. 8:5); d) the false
prophets (See John. 8:33
11:8). Here it must indicate that the apostles who
had been sent by the Lord were misunderstood as false prophets by Judaists (See
Matt. 21:35) and therefore they were stoned to death by them.
“How often I wanted to gather your
children together.” “How often” shows that Jesus had visited
“As a hen gathers her chicks under her
wings” Most of religious believers rebel the will of God because of their
ignorance. God bears with them again and again and contrarily He
with the mood
as hens with outstretched wings (See Is. 31:5)
wants to gather them to trust
under the shadow of His wings (Ps. 36:7) in order that they may obtain His
protection.
“But you were not willing.” “You”
indicates the leaders of Judaism. The Lord is “willing” many times
unfortunately
they keep “unwilling” all the time. How hard were their hearts.
Spiritual Meaning: “
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) Leaders of the church who lack spiritual
knowledge and experience will become the ones who block the fulfillment of the
will of God.
2) The great harm the leaders may bring to the will
of God is that they strangle God’s words
close God’s revelations and put the
witnesses who have been entrusted to spread God’s message to death.
3) The Lord “is willing many times” and men keep
“unwilling” all the time. How difficult it is for the heart of heaven to
receive the response of hearts on earth.
Matt. 23:38 “See! Your house is left
to you desolate;”
YLT: “Lo
left desolate
to you is your house;”
Literal Meaning: “your house is left
to you desolate” The “house” here and “temple” are the same word in the
original (See Matt. 21:13). It was originally “my temple” and now it became
“your house” because Judaism made it “the den of thieves”. “Desolate” predicted
that God would abandon the city of
“Left to you” means that the Lord gave
them up and let them walk in their own counsels (See Ps. 81:12).
Enlightenment in the Word: our individual body or the corporate believers (the
church) is the
Matt. 23:39 “for I say to you
you
shall see Me no more till you say
‘Blessed is He who comes in
the name of the LORD!’’”
YLT: “for I say to you
ye may not see me henceforth
till ye may say
Blessed [is] he who is coming in
the name of the Lord.’
Literal Meaning: “you shall see Me no
more” It predicts that Jesus will depart from this world.
“Till you say
‘blessed is He who comes
in the name of the LORD’” Here it predicts that when Christ comes for the second
time
the Jews will admit that He is the Messiah. Here it also implies that
when the Lord comes back
the whole house of
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) No matter the individual believer or the church
if one does not magnify the name of the Lord (“Blessed is He who comes in the
name of the LORD”)
he will lose the presence of the Lord (“shall see Me no
more”). However
once one is willing to repent and turn to the Lord
he will
still receive the Lord’s blessing.
2) If men reject the Lord
they will be rejected by
the Lord. If men respect the Lord
they will be respected by the Lord.
III.
Outlines of the Spiritual Lessons
The King’s Judgments towards Religious
Believers
I. The king’s judgment towards religious believers:
A.
They say and do not do (v.1-4).
B.
They like to show off themselves and like best seats and honorific titles
(v.5-12).
II. The eight disasters of religious believers:
A. The
first disaster------for they neither go in themselves nor allow those who are
entering to go in (v.13).
B. The
second disaster------for they devour widows’ houses (v.14).
C. The
third disaster------for they win one proselyte and when he is won
they make
him twice as much a son of hell as themselves (v.15).
D. The
fourth disaster------for they are blind guides and put the incidental before
the fundamental (v.16-22).
E. The
fifth disaster------for they stand on points and ignore the fundamental things
(v.23-24).
F. The
sixth disaster------for they stress on the outside cleanness and the inside
they are unclean (v.25-26).
G. The
seventh disaster------for they have a name that they live
and are dead
(v.27-28).
H. The
eighth disaster------for they remember the dead prophets and kill the living
prophets (v.29-36).
III. The king’s judgments towards religious
originations:
A. It
will be rejected by the Lord (v.37-39).
B. It
will be demolished by men (Matt. 24:1-2).
The mistakes of religious circles which the
Pharisees stand for
I. Their deeds do not accord with their
words------they say and do not do (v.1-4).
II. They seek vain glory------they like to show off
and like best seats and honorific titles (v.5-12).
III. They obstruct the way of grace------they
neither go in themselves nor allow those who are entering to go in (v.13).
IV. They bully the weak members------they devour
widows’ houses (v.14).
V. They mislead others------they win one proselyte
and when he is won
they make him twice as much a son of hell as themselves
(v.15).
VI. They do not have spiritual sight------they do
not know the relative importance of things (v.16-22).
VII. They stick to outside behaviors and neglect
the inner reality------they pay the tithe and neglect the justice
mercy and
faith (v.23-24).
VIII. They stick to the outward behaviors and
neglect the inside nature------they cleanse the outside of the cup and dish
but inside they are full of extortion and self-indulgence. (v.25-26).
IX. They stick to the outward beautifulness and
neglect the inner uncleanness------they are like whitewashed tombs (v.27-28).
X. They quench God’s revelations-----they murdered
prophets (v.29-36).
XI. They are unwilling to repent and turn to
God------they disregard God’s grace and bring about the judgment (v.37-39).
──
Caleb Huang《Christian Digest Bible
Commentary Series》
Translated by Sharon Ren