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Romans Chapter
Two
I.
Content of the Chapter
The Jews Are Also
Under the Judgment of God
A. The principle of the judgment of God:
1. Who judges according to the truth (v.1-4);
2. Who judges according to the righteousness
(v.5-11);
3. Who judges according to the law (v.12-13);
4. Who judges according to the work of the law written
in men’s hearts (v.14-15);
5. Who judges according to men’s attitudes
towards Jesus Christ (v.16);
B. The Jews cannot escape from the judgment of God:
1. They have the knowledge of the law in vain
but break the law themselves (v.17-24).
2. They have the circumcision in the flesh but no reality of the circumcision within their hearts (v.25-29).
II.
Verse by Verse commentary
Rom. 2:1 “Therefore you are
inexcusable
O man
whoever you are who judge
for in whatever you judge
another you condemn yourself; for you who judge practice the same things.”
YLT: “Therefore
thou art inexcusable
O man -- every one who
is judging -- for in that in which thou dost judge the other
thyself thou dost
condemn
for the same things thou dost practise who art judging
”
Meaning
of Words: “judge”
distinguish
try
condemn
punish; “inexcusable”: cannot be forgiven;
“condemn”: judge against;
The
background: the
Jews often thought that they were exceptionally gifted the right and status by
God and were greatly favored by God
so they could not be mentioned in the same
breath with the nations. They said
“God only loves the people of Israel among
all the nations on the whole earth”; “God judges the Gentiles with one
standard
and judges the Jews with the other one”; “all the people of Israel
have part in the world in the future”; “Abraham will sit at the gate of the
hell and prevent the Israel who have sins from going in”.
Literal
Meaning:
“therefore…you are who judge”
the word “therefore” shows that it takes up the
conclusion of the last chapter.
“You” especially refers to the Jews
(v.17). Since the Jews always felt that they were specially blessed by God
they judged and despised the Gentiles and thought that the Gentiles did not
know the principles of God and lived an immoral life. Paul firstly mentioned in
chapter one that the Gentiles were condemned by God
and then in this chapter
he listed the Jews also in the sphere that was condemned by God.
“Judge”
it is the same word as “judge”
in verse 12 and 26. God gives the standard and power of judgment to men in
order to let men judge whether the things are wrong or right by them
not
“judge hypocritically”.
“In whatever you judge another you condemn
yourself”
this is the first reason why we cannot judge others. The standard of
judgment on others should also be applied on ourselves.
“For you who judge practice
the same things”
this is the second reason why we cannot judge others. If our
own conduct is not better than others
we certainly have no right to judge
others.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1)
God
gives man the ability of judgment with the purpose of judging himself and
regulating himself
not judging others.
2)
Man
is fond of judging others by nature. Because when judging others
one can
reveal his being right by condemning others’ wrong. However
it is mostly hated
by God and will be judged by God’s truth.
3)
Our
judgment on others today will condemn ourselves in the future. If we fear to be
judged by God
we shall forbid us from judging others.
Rom. 2:2 “But we know that the
judgment of God is according to truth against those who practice such things.”
YLT: “and we have known that the judgment of God is according
to truth
upon those practising such things.”
Meaning
of Words:
“truth”: reality
verity;
Literal
Meaning: “we
know”
Paul often used such expression
thinking that the authors would agree
with what he would say later (see Rom. 3:19; 7:14; 8:22
28; 1Cor. 8:1
4;
2Cor. 5:1; 1Tim. 1:8).
“The judgment of God is according to
truth”
it has three meanings:
1) Truth means reality. God
judges everyone according to his real condition before God.
2) God’s word is truth (John
12:48). God judges everyone according to His word.
3) Jesus Christ is truth (John
14:6). God judges everyone according to Jesus Christ ---- whether a man has
received Jesus Christ to be his Savior will decide whether he can be delivered
from God’s judgment.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1)
The
real condition of a man does not lie in his deeds
but in his words (judgment).
2)
Not
only do men in the world often commit the error of only being able to say but
unable to walk
but also the religionists (Matt. 23:3). Especially the leading
brothers in the assembly who mostly like to criticize or judge others practice
the same things. They can escape from the judgment of men
but cannot escape
from the judgment of God
for God judges according to the truth.
3)
Men’s
judgment is often according to unilateral
uncertain and indirect proof
but
God’s judgment is according to the truth. Therefore
we shall be very careful
to avoid making blind judgment before knowing all the facts.
4)
In
the assembly
if we want to judge a man or thing
we shall pray for God to
receive revelation and enlightenment of God (1Cor. 4:4-5).
5)
One
should take responsibility for the truth that he has known
and need not to
take responsibility for what he has not known. We should learn that the purpose
of knowing the truth is to practice the truth
not increase the knowledge.
6)
The
judgment of God is right and just judgment. Only God’s judgment is reliable
for He knows the reality of all things. He can judge according to the truth
without any fault.
Rom. 2:3 “And do you think this
O
man
you who judge those practicing such things
and doing the same
that you
will escape the judgment of God?”
YLT: “And dost thou think this
O man
who art judging those
who such things are practising
and art doing them
that thou shalt escape the
judgment of God?”
Literal
Meaning:
“practice” means general practice
and “do” refers to deliberate doings
which
are the habitual works of sins (see 1John 3:4).
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1)
A
man usually tends to cover his own faults by judging others and justify himself
by criticizing others. In the sight of God
man is weighted by his “doings”
not his “words”.
2)
Any
one who knows only to judge others but not judge himself does not know examine
himself and change his conduct
so that he can only see mote in the eye of his
brother
but cannot observe the beam in his own eye (Matt. 7:3). Such man
cannot escape the judgment of God.
3)
Though
a hypocritically godly man have apparent righteous appearance and condemn the
evil doings of others
he cannot escape the judgment of God.
4)
God
has given all judgment to Christ (John 5:22) in the universe. The standard of
God’s judgment is Christ appointed by God (Acts. 17:31). Therefore
if one
dares to judge others according to his self-righteousness
he has violated
Christ’s authority in God’s administration and overstepped Christ’s authority
in God’s predestination. He can by no means “escape” the “righteous judgment of
God” “according to the truth” (v.2
3
5).
Rom. 2:4 “Or do you despise the
riches of His goodness
forbearance
and longsuffering
not knowing that the
goodness of God leads you to repentance? ”
YLT: “or the riches of His goodness
and forbearance
and
long-suffering
dost thou despise? -- not knowing that the goodness of God doth
lead thee to reformation!”
Meaning
of Words: “despise”:
think against
disesteem; “goodness”: gentleness
kindness; “forbearance”:
self-restraint
tolerance
hold oneself up against
put up with;
Literal
Meaning:
“or do you despise the riches of His goodness
forbearance
and longsuffering”
“goodness” refers to God’s attitude toward men
not toward sin. “Forbearance”
in the original means the both sides in a fight have temporarily ceased
fighting and wait for the surrender of the enemy. God has not executed His
judgment immediately for He hopes that men can ultimately repent and turn back.
“Longsuffering”
a long breath; it means God deeply sighs for men’s
unwillingness of repentance
bears and forbears
and still not judges. He signs
deeply and forbears again. “Forbearance” refers to things
and “longsuffering”
is towards men.
“Not knowing that the
goodness of God leads you to repentance?” ---- The purpose of God who gives His
goodness is to give men chance of repentance (see 2Pet. 3:9). The Jews
misunderstood God’s forbearance
thinking that God was unwilling to judge.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1)
He
who specially condemns others may also know he has also committed the same
sins. However
he boasts his peculiar position and God’s special grace on him
so he supposes God may treat him with different attitudes. Such idea is
despising God’s goodness.
2)
Of
course
God has really given preferential treatment to His elect so that they
can enjoy God’s abundant grace in this age. However
such status cannot deliver
them from the impending righteous judgment of God. Today
God had not
immediately come to call to account with us
because He hopes that all of us
shall repent in the riches of His goodness
forbearance
and longsuffering (we
believers must also repent and confess our sins ---- see 1John 1:8-10).
3)
It
is not God’s judgment but God’s goodness that brings men to repentance. We
shall love believers in the church who have committed sins
for love can cover
many sins (1Pet. 4:8).
4)
God
shows His goodness by His provision
protection and taking care of in order to
bring men to repentance. He “does not wish that any should perish
but that all
should come to repentance.” (2Pet. 3:9).
5)
If
a man’s mind has been changed (“repentance” means the change of one’s mind)
his attitude will also be changed and finally his actions will thus be changed.
Therefore
every new turning point of every man is started from his heart.
Rom. 2:5 “But in accordance with your
hardness and your impenitent heart you are treasuring up for yourself wrath in
the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God
”
YLT: “but
according to thy hardness and impenitent heart
thou dost treasure up to thyself wrath
in a day of wrath and of the revelation
of the righteous judgment of God
”
Meaning
of Words: “hardness”:
induration (a medical word
such as “arterial sclerosis”);
Literal
Meaning:
“but in accordance with your hardness and your impenitent heart”
it is an
expression of hardness and impenitency that one judges others without examining
himself and shifts his attention to others.
“You are treasuring up for yourself
wrath”
it suggests the degree of God’s punishments on a man is according to
the condition of his sins that are treasured up.
“In the day of wrath and
revelation of the righteous judgment of God”
it refers to the day of the
ultimate judgment of God. When God finally judges on the great white throne
(Rev. 20:11)
he is absolutely righteous. Here
it indicates that the second
principle of God’s judgment is according to His righteousness.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1)
God
is a God who judges all men in the world. He must judge the world according to
the same principle ---- His righteousness
justice
and there is no partiality
with God. There is no man or race that has privilege before judgment-seat of
God.
2)
Though
Paul spoke these words to the Jews (see the commentary of verse one) in this
chapter
the principles can also be applied in believers. We shall not think
that the wrath of God is only upon the believing Jews. If we are stumbled after
we have believed the Lord and we still hard and impenitent in our hearts
though
we will never perish because of this
we cannot escape the judgment of God (see
Rom. 11:20-22).
3)
“Repentance”
is the only way of avoiding the judgment and wrath of God. He who does not
repent will surely be under the wrath of God.
Rom. 2:6 “who "will render to
each one according to his deeds":”
YLT: “who shall render to each according to his works;”
Literal
Meaning:
this verse indicates that the judgment of God is in accordance with men’s
“deeds”. Here
every certain person is emphasized.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1)
Everyone
has to take responsibility for his own deeds. Except for the redemption of
Christ
no one can find another one (even the closest one) to replace him.
2)
Though
we believer have been justified by faith
faith without works is dead (James
2:17). A living faith will produce the works that is worthy of the faith.
Therefore
after we have been saved
we shall still seek the works out of faith
(see Eph. 2:10; James 2:22).
3)
Whatsoever
a man sows
that shall he also reap (Gal. 6:7).
YLT: “to those
indeed
who in continuance of a good work
do
seek glory
and honour
and incorruptibility -- life age-during;”
Literal
Meaning:
“continuance in doing good”
note that it by no means indicates that one can be
saved by works. Paul does not teach men to be justified by works
but
emphasizes that God does justice to both the Jews and the Gentiles (see Acts.
10:34-35). “In doing good”
it has the meanings as follows:
1)
“Believing”
Jesus Christ sent by God (see John 6:28-29);
2)
“Good
works” after one has believed the Lord (Eph. 2:10);
3)
“Seek
for glory
honor
and immortality”;
“Seek for glory
honor
and
immortality”
“glory” refers to the manifestation of God (see John 5:44);
“honor” means the holy things of God (see 2Tim. 2:20-21; 1Pet. 2:9);
“immortality” pertains to heavenly inheritance (see 1Pet. 1:4). There are all
that we have to diligently seek after we have believed the Lord.
“Eternal life to”
“eternal life” does not only mean existing without no
end
but also refers to the quality of life
the life of God.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1) All those who “continue to
… seek” Christ are “doing good”
and will surely obtain “the eternal life” in the
end.
2) Men’s “good works” must be
produced from faith so that they will have real effect before God (see Gal.
5:6).
3) Our “doings” manifest our
“being”. Our being decides our “doings”. On the contrary
if there are problems
with our doings
it shows that our “being” goes wrong.
4) One is good
namely
God
(Matt. 19:17). Glory is God
and honor is God
and immortality is God Himself.
The eternal value comes from seeking God Himself.
Rom. 2:8 “but to those who are
self-seeking and do not obey the truth
but obey unrighteousness--indignation
and wrath
”
YLT: “and to those contentious
and disobedient
indeed
to
the truth
and obeying the unrighteousness -- indignation and wrath
”
Meaning
of Words: “self-seeking”:
contention
strife;
Literal
Meaning:
“to those who are self-seeking and do not obey the truth
but obey
unrighteousness”
“self-seeking”
it means that those who are ruled by
selfishness are gathered together with the attitude of being against the truth
not the attitude of believing and obeying the truth.
“Indignation and wrath”
“indignation” and ‘wrath” are different ---- the former is towards “things”
and the latter is towards “men”.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1)
Whatever
a man seeks
that shall he receive. He who seeks goodness will be rewarded with
good (v.7). He who seeks evil shall be rewarded with evil.
2)
He
who does evil things not only practices them himself
but also has fellow
delight in those who do (Rom. 1:32). Both of them are of the same ilk
who
colludes with one another. This is the main reason for self-seeking.
3)
Men
firstly did not obey God and strived with God
finally they became
self-seeking. Any division in the church seems to be caused by dissension among
men. However
the real reason is disobedience to God.
Rom. 2:9 “tribulation and anguish
on
every soul of man who does evil
of the Jew first and also of the Greek; ”
YLT: “tribulation and distress
upon every soul of man that
is working the evil
both of Jew first
and of Greek;”
Literal
Meaning:
“tribulation and anguish
on every soul of man who does evil”
“tribulation”
refers more to the difficulty in the external environment; “anguish” refers to
the feeling in one’s inner heart. “Every” means no one is of exception. “Does
evil”
it refers to those “who do not obey the truth
but obey unrighteousness”
in the previous verse.
“Of the Jew first and also
of the Greek”
“the Jews” are the elect of God. “The Greek” pertains to all the
Gentiles. This verse shows that God’s reward has its order
just like the order
of God’s salvation (Rom. 1:16).
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1)
If
men have “the wicked hearts of unbelief” (Heb. 3:12)
there will be wicked
works and thus become “wicked men”. If men’s hearts to God are not upright
it
will be naturally manifested in their evil works.
2)
“The
Jews” can be interpreted as all those who are near God
including believers.
“The Greek” represents all the Gentiles who do not believe the Lord. The
judgment begins from the house of God (1Pet. 4:17). God’s reward will start
from those who are near God
then those who do not know God. No one is of
exception
for there is no partiality with God
and He neither cares for any
one
nor regards men's person (Matt. 22:16). Therefore
we believers shall be
more watchful.
3)
Spiritual
responsibility comes from spiritual right (see Amos 3:2). And to every one to
whom much has been given by God
much shall be required from him; and to whom
have committed much
they will ask from him the more (Luke 12:48).
Rom. 2:10 “but glory
honor
and peace
to everyone who works what is good
to the Jew first and also to the Greek. ”
YLT: “and glory
and honour
and peace
to every one who is
working the good
both to Jew first
and to Greek.”
Literal
Meaning:
“but glory
honor
and peace to everyone who works what is good”
“glory” and
“honor”
please see the commentary of verse 7. “Peace” is a condition that
Christ is enjoyed by men.
Rom. 2:11 “For there is no partiality
with God. ”
YLT: “For there is no acceptance of faces with God
”
Literal
Meaning:
“there is no partiality with God”
it is that “there is no acceptance of faces
with God” in the original. “Partiality” is an unjust treatment or judgment by
replacing or destroying one’s reality with the appearance.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1)
Men’s
judgment varies with each individual. One may pick fault with those whom he
does not like
but turn a blind eye to the faults of those whom he likes. This
is partiality for men.
2)
Since
the God we believe is a God with whom there is no partiality
we shall show no
partiality to each other in the church (James 2:1). How we treat with our
brothers is an important mark that whether our faith is real (James 2:14-17).
3)
There
is no partiality with God
and the children of God shall also be of no
partiality ---- he who treats with himself loosely or draws near unto himself
and treat with others strictly ---- we should not have such mind.
Rom. 2:12 “For as many as have sinned
without law will also perish without law
and as many as have sinned in the law
will be judged by the law”
YLT: “for as many as without law did sin
without law also
shall perish
and as many as did sin in law
through law shall be judged
”
Literal
Meaning:
“will also perish without law”
it does not mean that they will not perish
but
that they will not perish according to the regulations in the Old Testament
but according to other principles of judgment (see v.14-15).
“Will be judged by the
law”
the purpose that God established the law was judgment. Whatever the law
says
it says to those who are under the law
that every mouth may be stopped
and all the world may become guilty before God (Rom. 3:19).
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1)
Sin
exists. The most important is whether there is the fact of sin
not whether
there are regulations of the law.
2)
God’s
judgment is according to the measure of men that has been enlightened by God.
To the Jews
it is according to the law. To the Gentiles
it is according to
conscience. And to every one to whom much has been given by God
much shall be
required from him; and to whom have committed much
they will ask from him the
more.
Rom. 2:13 “(for not the hearers of the
law are just in the sight of God
but the doers of the law will be justified;”
YLT: “for not the hearers of the law righteous before God
but the doers of the law shall be declared righteous: --”
Literal
Meaning:
God made the laws for His elect in order to let them keep and be justified
(Deut. 6:24-25)
not let them hear or read only (Deut. 6:4-9).
“But the doers of the law will be
justified”
“be justified”
it means that one is pronounced innocent by God on
the Day of Judgment.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1)
He
who can only heart but not do the law will not be justified like those who have
never heard the law. What counts is not only
the capacity of the word of God
but also the inconsistency with our actual
walk according to the word that we have known (Matt. 7:24-27).
2)
Many
believers like to take part in the gathering for the sake of hearing the
sermon
but do not like to partake in the gather for the purpose of keeping the
word.
3)
All
the evangelists who show disregard for doing the word preach the word for the
sake of preaching the word only
and all believers who hear for the purpose of
hearing will be the same as the Athenians “who tell and to hear the news”
(Acts. 17:21).
Rom. 2:14 “for when Gentiles
who do
not have the law
by nature do the things in the law
these
although not
having the law
are a law to themselves
”
YLT: “For
when nations that have not a law
by nature may do
the things of the law
these not having a law -- to themselves are a law;”
Literal
Meaning: “by nature do the things
in the law”
“nature” it refers to the inherent good nature of man. God created
Man in his image (Gen. 1:26-27). Therefore
when man was created
his nature
was upright (Rom. 7:29). Later
though man fell
the good nature still remained
in him and asked man to do good (namely
“do the things in the law”).
“These are a law to
themselves”
the work of the law is written in the hearts of the Gentiles that
have no law (v.15). Therefore
things done in the law by nature are a law to
themselves.
Rom. 2:15 “who show the work of the
law written in their hearts
their conscience also bearing witness
and between
themselves their thoughts accusing or else excusing them) ”
YLT: “who do shew the work of the law written in their
hearts
their conscience also witnessing with them
and between one another the
thoughts accusing or else defending
”
Meaning
of Words:
“conscience”: co- perception
moral
consciousness; “accusing”: to be a plaintiff
to charge with some offence;
“excusing”: to give an account (legal plea) of oneself
exculpate (self);
Literal
Meaning:
“who show the work of the law written in their hearts”
note that it is not the
law itself but “the work of the law” ---- which makes man know the nature of evil
and good by nature.
“Their conscience also
bearing witness”
if man does goodness by nature
he will have peace in his
conscience. Otherwise
the conscience will condemn him and will feel
unrest.
“And between themselves
their thoughts”
it means men’s rationality in their thoughts. “Thoughts”
refers to men’s thoughts.
“Accusing or else excusing
them)”
men’s thoughts (or men’s rationality) also has the ability of judgment.
If men ponder with their thoughts
they will also be able to judge what they have
done are right or wrong.
Men’s nature and conscience
and thoughts manifest the work of the law written in men. God shall judge the
Gentiles who do not have the law in the future according to this work in them.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1)
God
judges according to the degree and condition that men have been enlightened
(see v.13-15). To whom has committed much
God will ask from the one the more.
The standard to the Jews is high ---- it is according to the law. The standard
to the Gentiles is low ---- it is according to their conscience. The Jews shall
be judged in light of the law given by God (v.12)
and the Gentiles shall be
judged in light of their “conscience” (v.15).
2)
We
Gentiles cannot escape God’s judgment because of being ignorant of the Jewish
law
for our conscience will point out our sins. However
thanks the Lord! His
precious blood has cleansed our conscience (Heb. 9:14) so that we can live
before God with a clear conscience.
3)
In
the judgment that is about to come before God
everyone will be accused by his
own conscience. Men pay more attention to outward actions
but God looks upon
more men’s inner hearts. The fault of hearts is more serious than that in our
actions. Men’s sins in heart are more than that in actions.
4)
There
will be a right or wrong feeling behind an action or idea of men. However
conscience is not the ultimate arbitrator. Man’s conscience may be restrained
twisted
numbed or be excessively cautious. However
man should pay attention
to the warning of conscience when there is no clear proof of what is right or
wrong.
5)
In
normal situation
men that are created God should be able to make judgments in
a “fair and reasonable and lawful” way. However
after men’s fall
they can
only give consideration to personal relationship rather than rationality or
law.
Rom. 2:16 “in the day when God will
judge the secrets of men by Jesus Christ
according to my gospel.”
YLT: “in the day when God shall judge the secrets of men
according to my good news
through Jesus Christ.”
Literal
Meaning:
“in the day when God will judge the secrets of men by Jesus Christ”
it refers
to the “day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God” in verse
5. God appoints the Lord Jesus to execute the judgment (Acts. 17:31) in God’s
judgment that is about to come. “Secrets” refer to the unexposed sinful cases
sins unknown by the people
sins that have not been judged as well as sinful
motivations and thoughts.
“According to my gospel”
Christ judges men according to men’s attitude towards the gospel ---- whether
men have received the gospel
i.e. whether men have received Christ Himself.
This verse unveils that in
the Day of Judgment
there are three aspects of testimony will condemn us: (a)
Jesus Christ; (b) secrets; (c) God’s gospel (God’s words).
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1)
The
light of sun and that of lamp vary in their power
and the effects of their
illumination are different. Therefore
the capacity of Men’s conscience is as
the lamp
but the Lord Jesus is as bright as the sun that can reveal men’s secrets.
2)
Men
judges according to the letters of the law
and the object is the outward
actions. God judges according to “Jesus Christ”
and the object is the
“secrets” in one’s spirit.
3)
All
that men have done in their thoughts and actions
no matter they are obvious or
hidden
will be seen by God. Nothing can be hidden before God (Luke 8:17).
4)
Remember
that God searches men’s hearts in secret. Therefore
we shall always be
answerable and faithful to God. We must neither do for the sake of men nor be
answerable to men only.
5)
Since
believers have received Jesus as the Savior
He dwells in believers (Gal.
2:20). This indwelling Christ has become the living law in us (Heb. 8:10;
10:16)
namely
the law of the Spirit of life (
6)
If
a patient clearly knows a certain specific medicine can cure his disease
but
he still refuses to take that medicine and just ruins himself. He has to take
responsibility for himself. The gospel is the specific medicine curing man’s
disease (sin) in spirit. If man refuses to receive the gospel
he just has only
himself to blame.
Rom. 2:17 “Indeed you are called a
Jew
and rest on the law
and make your boast in God
”
YLT: “Lo
thou art named a Jew
and dost rest upon the law
and dost boast in God
”
The
Background:
the Jewish men began to receive the teaching of the law at age five and learned
the law. At age thirteen
they became the sons of the law
who had to be
answerable to the law and take the moral responsibility.
Literal
Meaning:
“indeed you are called a Jew”
obviously
the word in this chapter refers to
the sins of the Jews.
“And rest on the law”
“rest on the law”
it means that the Jews boast their law
thinking that the
law makes them different from the nations (see Ps. 147:19-20). However
the
function of the law was not to let man have reliance
but to make man have the
knowledge of sin.
“And make your boast in
God”
the Jews hold that the God they worship is the only true God and others
gods the nation worship are false gods.
Spiritual
Meaning:
if we compare the Jews with Christians and the law with God’s word
this verse
can also be interpreted like this: (a) we are in the name of Christians (are
called the Jews); (b) we can rely on the Bible (rely on the law); (c) we can
boast God.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1)
Christians
are blessedly gifted the status of the children of God
and also have the word
of God to be our guidance of our life. However
if our conduct is not different
from men in the world
it will be the additional proof of our condemnation.
2)
God
Himself and God’s word are given to us to have enjoyment
not to show off our
distinction from others. The real difference of Christians between men in the
world is not the external slogan
but the internal reality of life
namely
the
condition of life from the enjoyment of God’s word to the natural manifestation
of life.
Rom. 2:18 “and know His will
and
approve the things that are excellent
being instructed out of the law”
YLT: “and dost know the will
and dost approve the
distinctions
being instructed out of the law
”
Literal
Meaning:
“being instructed out of the law”
the Jews have been instructed out of the law
and know how to serve God in light of the law.
“And know His will”
it
does not mean that the Jews have “really” known the will of God
but that they
know “more” about the will of God than men in the world.
“And approve the things
that are excellent”
the meaning in the original lays particular stress on the
positive aspect. It indicates that the Jews have better discernment of
approving and choosing the things that are excellent than men in the world.
Spiritual
Meaning:
if we Christians apply this verse on us
there will be two meanings as follows:
(a) we can know the will of God
for we have the teaching of the word of God;
(b) we can approve the things that are excellent.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1)
Christians
should search the Bible diligently so as to know more about the will of God.
But what is more important is to keep the will of God.
2)
The
Lord bestows us the ability of discernment to make us prove all things and hold
fast the right and hold aloof from every form of wickedness (1Thess. 5:21-22).
3)
Whatsoever
things true
whatsoever things noble
whatsoever things just
whatsoever things
pure
whatsoever things amiable
whatsoever things of good report; if any
virtue and if any praise
think on these things and do them (Phil. 4:8-9).
Rom. 2:19 “and are confident that you
yourself are a guide to the blind
a light to those who are in darkness
”
YLT: “and hast confidence that thou thyself art a leader of
blind ones
a light of those in darkness
”
Literal
Meaning: “and are confident that
you yourself are a guide to the blind”
“the blind” refers to the Gentiles
who
do not know God
because the god of this world has blinded the thoughts of them
(see 2Cor. 4:4). “Guide” refers to the Jews
who think they know the true God
so they know the way of God.
“A light to those who are
in darkness”
“those who are in darkness” refer to the
Gentiles
who are “blind” inside and are in “darkness” outside (see Matt.
4:15-16). “Light” refers to the Jews.
Spiritual
Meaning:
as for our Christians
this verse means: (a) Christians may regard those who do
not believe the Lord in the world as blind men and are confident that they are
men with opened eyes to those who do not believe; (b) Christians may think that
those who do not believe the Lord are living in darkness and they themselves
are the light in the world.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1)
If
we are really men with opened eyes
we shall bring blind men (men in the world)
to know God. But if we do not know clearly about the way of God
it will be
that a blind leads a blind
and both fall into ditch (Luke 6:39).
2)
The
light of the truth will be shining if the light is ignited. If we are unwilling
to pay the cost or deny ourselves
we cannot illuminate others.
Rom. 2:20 “an instructor of the
foolish
a teacher of babes
having the form of knowledge and truth in the law.”
YLT: “an instructor of foolish ones
a teacher of babes
having the form of the knowledge and of the truth in the law.”
Meaning
of Words: “the
foolish”: mindless
stupid
ignorant; “instructor”: trainer
discipliner;
“teacher”: instructor; “form”: formation
semblance
formula;
Literal
Meaning: “an instructor of the
foolish
a teacher of babes”
“the foolish” emphasizes one’s mindlessness;
“instructor”
it contains the meaning of instructing others in conduct of life
by setting himself as an examples; “babes”
who refer to those who are
insufficient in learning (see Eph. 4:14); “teacher”
who focuses on the
teaching concerning knowledge.
“Having the form of
knowledge and truth in the law”
“form”
it refers to the vivid
appearance or the concrete expression of the image (see Phil. 2:6-7). This part
of the verse means that they have obtained considerable attainments in the
knowledge of the law and have held the outlines of the truth.
Spiritual
Meaning:
we Christians may think in us: (a) the Gentiles that do not believe are foolish
and need our teaching; (b) the Gentiles that do not believe are as immature and
superficial as babes and need our guidance and help; (c) we have already
obtained spiritual knowledge and truth and have reached into quite great scale.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1)
The
difficulty in the church today lies in the large number of instructors who
teach the letters and knowledge and yet the small one of witnesses who set
themselves examples to others by practicing God’s word personally and then teach
them to know the truth.
2)
How
many are the evangelists who can only speak but not walk! However
we shall not
despise what that have spoken (1Thess. 5:20). If they can cut in a straight
line the word of truth
we shall still be sober and keep the word
but not
emulate their deeds (see Matt. 23:3).
Rom. 2:21 “You
therefore
who teach
another
do you not teach yourself? You who preach that a man should not steal
do you steal? ”
YLT: “Thou
then
who art teaching another
thyself dost thou
not teach?”
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1)
Christians
can not only commit the sins that are literally mentioned by Paul here (e.g.
the renowned evangelist on TV appropriates the funds or commits the adultery
and etc.) that the name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles
but also
commit the spiritual stealing ---- supposing that gain is godliness (1Tim.
6:6).
2)
How
easy that those who know God and God’s word regard them as the “favorite sons”
of God and think that God may treat them with more kindness than others.
Rom. 2:22 “You who say
"Do not
commit adultery
" do you commit adultery? You who abhor idols
do you rob
temples? ”
YLT: “thou who art preaching not to steal
dost thou steal?
thou who art saying not to commit adultery
dost thou commit adultery? thou who
art abhorring the idols
dost thou rob temples?”
Literal
Meaning:
“You who abhor idols
do you rob temples?” ---- The Jews did not worship idols
but they stole the substances in the temple. At that time
it was rich in the
temple and the Jews often stole the idols as golden or silver (Acts 19:37). In
the Bible
such golden and silver are regarded as filthy and abominable (Deut.
7:25-26). They had fallen into filth and abomination and made God be blasphemed
because of this (v.24)
Enlightenment
in the Word:
Christians may also love the present age (2Tim. 4:10) and commit the spiritual
adultery. They also often uphold the Lord’s servants beyond the things which
are written in the Scriptures (1Cor. 4:6)
but they have just made spiritual
idols.
Rom. 2:23 “You who make your boast in
the law
do you dishonor God through breaking the law? ”
YLT: “thou who in the law dost boast
through the
transgression of the law God dost thou dishonour?”
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1)
The
sin will be more serious if one goes against the law as he has known the law.
2)
If
one makes his boast in the law but has not done the law
he has violated the
honor of the law. If we Christians only boast the goodness of the Bible but do
not keep the teachings therein
we have just dishonored God.
Rom. 2:24 “For "the name of God
is blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you
" as it is written.”
YLT: “for the name of God because of you is evil spoken of
among the nations
according as it hath been written.”
Literal
Meaning:
“as it is written”
it is quoted from the Book of Isaiah (52:5).
Rom. 2:25 “For circumcision is indeed
profitable if you keep the law; but if you are a breaker of the law
your
circumcision has become uncircumcision.”
YLT: “For circumcision
indeed
doth profit
if law thou
mayest practice
but if a transgressor of law thou mayest be
thy circumcision
hath become uncircumcision.”
Literal
Meaning: “circumcision is indeed
profitable”
“circumcision”
it
was the sign of the covenant that God had made with the
“Your circumcision has become
uncircumcision”
there are three points that the Jews boast of: (a) they
have God (v.17); (b) they have the law (v.18); (c) they have circumcision
(v.25). However
they have rebelled against God and violated the law of God.
Therefore
it is vain that they have only the form of circumcision
outside.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1)
Men
have the common fault that they often cannot make good use of good things in
life but misuse or misunderstand them.
2)
Today
we Christians should not pay attention to the apparent form of all the godly
signs (e.g. the cover and etc.) while ignoring the spiritual reality.
Rom. 2:26 “Therefore
if an
uncircumcised man keeps the righteous requirements of the law
will not his
uncircumcision be counted as circumcision?”
YLT: “If
therefore the uncircumcision the righteousness of
the law may keep
shall not his uncircumcision for circumcision be reckoned?”
Literal
Meaning:
this verse may refer to the Gentile believers.
Rom. 2:27 “And will not the physically
uncircumcised
if he fulfills the law
judge you who
even with your written
code and circumcision
are a transgressor of the law? ”
YLT: “and the uncircumcision
by nature
fulfilling the law
shall judge thee who
through letter and circumcision
a transgressor of law.”
Literal
Meaning:
Paul here
takes the circumcision on behalf of the outward written code
and the
fulfillment of the law on behalf of the inward reality. He means: if one has reality
inside
the written code will
be profitable to him; but if one has no reality inside
the written code will
be of nothing and of vanity. On the contrary
if those who do not know the
written code have the spiritual reality
they have not only fulfilled the
written code but will also judge those who have the written code without
reality.
Rom. 2:28 “For he is not a Jew who is
one outwardly
nor is circumcision that which is outward in the flesh;”
YLT: “For he is not a Jew who is outwardly
neither
circumcision that which is outward in flesh;”
Meaning
of Words:
“outwardly”: apparent;
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1) Men in the world judge
others according to the appearance (John 8:15) and boast others according to
the countenance (2Cor. 5:12). However
God proves men’s hearts (1Thess. 2:4).
Spiritual appearance shall not be counted by God before Him. Only the inner
spiritual reality shall be blessed by Him.
2) Today
many Christians
focus on the outward reputation and works but ignore the inner reality
having
a form of piety but denying the power of it (2Tim. 3:5).
Rom. 2:29 “but he is a Jew who is one
inwardly; and circumcision is that of the heart
in the Spirit
not in the
letter; whose praise is not from men but from God.”
YLT: “but a Jew he who is inwardly
and circumcision of the
heart
in spirit
not in letter
of which the praise is not of men
but of
God.”
Meaning
of Words: “inward”:
hidden
private;
Literal
Meaning:
there are several apparent contrasts in verse 28 and 29 ---- outwardly and
inwardly
the Spirit and the letter as well as men and God. What men focus on
is the outward letter
but God focuses on the inward spirit. God accepts what
is done inwardly
not outwardly. God looks upon the heart
not the outward
appearance. Only those who do inwardly and have the inward spiritual reality
shall pass the judgment of God
thus obtaining the praise of God.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1)
What
have been done outwardly ---- let others him one praying
offering and fasting
on purpose ---- are not true. Only what have been done in private are true.
Because all those who do outwardly and purposefully let others see them are not
true. Only those who do in private are true.
2)
All
that imitate others and copy others are done outwardly
not inwardly. All that
can be done without burden or feeling within
without the provision of the
inner life
without the power of life
without prayer
without the fellowship
with God are also done outwardly
not inwardly. Only that have been done
inwardly are the service of the New Testament.
3)
In
God’s sight
“he is not … who is … outwardly; but he is … who is … inwardly”.
“In the Spirit
not in the letter”; all those who pay attention to “outwardly”
---- the number of believers
the completion of fellow-works
the orderliness
of things
the “keeping” of the truth and etc. ---- are living in the principle
of the letter. They cannot bear the judgment and will surely be suffered form
death. All those who pay attention to “inwardly” ---- the sovereignty of the
Spirit
the measure of Christ
the manifestation of God the Father
the reality
of the church and etc. ---- are living in the principle of the Spirit. They are
bound to be filled with living and full life (see 2Cor. 3:6).
4)
Religionists
desire to obtain praise from both God and men. If we have received the praise
of men
we will not receive the praise of God (see Matt. 6:1-8; 16-18).
5)
God
seeks men to “worship Him in truth and the Spirit” (John 4:23-24). However
we
contrarily focus on the apparent works but ignore the reality in the Spirit.
III.
Outlines of the Spiritual Lessons
The
Principles of Judgment
A.
Judge
according to the truth:
1.
The
word of men may not be true
but the deeds are true (v.1-3).
2.
What
is done outwardly is not true
but what is done inwardly is true (v.28-29).
B.
Judge
according to righteousness:
1.
The
good will be rewarded
and the wicked punished (v.5-8).
2.
God
treats men with justice (v.9-11).
C.
Judge
according to the law:
1.
As
many as have sinned in the law will be judged by the law (v.12).
2.
To
those who do not have the law
God judges them according to work of the law
written in their hearts (v.14-15).
3.
To
believers in the New Testament
God judges according to the law (namely
Christ
who dwells in them) within them (v.16).
The
Reason Why One Shall Not Judge Others
A.
“In
whatever you judge another you condemn yourself” (v.1);
B.
“You
are inexcusable
for you who judge practice the same things” (v.1-2);
The
Reason Why Men Cannot Escape From the Judgment of God
A.
Men
who judge others practice the same things (v.1-3).
B.
Men
despise the goodness of God and are in accordance with their hardness and their
impenitent heart (v.4-5).
C.
Men
only hear the law but not do according to the law (v.13
17-24).
D.
Men
keep the outward letter only but lack the inward reality (v.25-29).
God
Judges Men Through Christ
C.
God
judges according to the truth (v.2) ----Christ is the truth (John 14:46)
D.
God
judges according to righteousness (v.5) ---- Christ is our righteousness (1Cor.
1:30).
E.
God
judges according to the one’s deeds (v.6) ---- Christ makes believers have good
deeds (1John2:6).
F.
God
judges according to the law (v.12) ---- Christ is the reality of the law (Col.
2:16-17).
Seven
Great Principles of Judgment Upon Men
A.
According
to the truth (v.2);
B.
According
to the accumulative sins (v.5);
C.
According
to the deeds of everyone (v.6);
D.
According
to the justice ---- there is no partiality with God (v.8-11);
E.
According
to the condition of one’s “doing” the law
not “hearing” the law (v.13);
F.
According
to the secrets of men in their hearts (v.16);
G.
According
to the inward reality
not the outward appearance (v.17-29);
The
Results of Despising God’s Goodness (v.4-5)
A.
Man
will not receive the promise of God’s grace.
B.
Man
accumulates sins for himself.
C.
Man
treasures up for himself wrath of God.
D.
Man
waits for the righteous judgment of God.
In
the Spirit
not in the Letter
A.
The
letter requires men to keep the law in the flesh so as to obtain the praise of
God (v.17-19).
B.
The
letter is outward and is done among men
but has no value before God at all
(v.25-28).
C.
The
letter cannot change men’s real condition (v.21-24).
D.
“In
the Spirit
and not in the letter”
it speaks of the basic principle of the
salvation in the New Testament (v.28-29).
E.
All
that is of the letter cannot receive the praise of God in the Day of Judgment
(v.28-29).
The
Reason Why the Deeds of Jews Are Inconsistent With Their Words (v.16-29)
A.
They
only know to boast the law
but do not know to do the law.
B.
They
only know to condemn others by the law
but do not know to restrict themselves
by the law.
C.
They
only know to increase the knowledge of the law
but do not know they have
violated the will of God.
D.
They
only know to seek honor before men
but have not known that the name of God is
blasphemed.
E.
They
only know to keep the letter of the law outwardly
but do not know to keep the
spirit in the law.
F.
They
only know to rely on the law
but do not know to rely on God.
G.
They
only know to seek the praise of men only
but do not know to obtain the praise
from God.
Five
Concrete Matters that the Jews Think They Have Learnt From the Law (v.17-18)
A.
They
are called “the Jews”.
B.
They
rely on the law.
C.
They
boast of the knowledge of God ---- they boast of God.
D.
They
are guided in the will of God ---- they are instructed out of the law.
E.
They
know how to judge things so as to discern what is best ---- approve the things
that are excellent.
Five
Cases Surpassing the Gentiles in the Mind of the Pious Jews (v.19-20)
A.
A
guide to the spiritual blind;
B.
A
light to those who are in darkness;
C.
An
instructor of the foolish;
D.
A
teacher of babes;
E.
They
are the form of knowledge and truth in the law;
Five
Faults of the Jews (v.21-24)
A.
They
teach another
but do not teach themselves (v.21).
B.
They
preach that a man should not steal
but they steal themselves (v.21).
C.
They
say
"Do not commit adultery"
but they commit adultery themselves
(v.22).
D.
They
abhor idols
but they show their opposition by the unlawful way of robbing
temples (v.22).
E.
They
make their boast in the law
but dishonor God through breaking the law
(v.23-24).
──
Caleb Huang《Christian Digest Bible
Commentary Series》
Translated by Mary Zhou