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Romans Chapter
Thirteen
I.
Content of the Chapter
The Social Life After One Has Been Saved
A. Towards the governing authorities:
1. Be subject to the governing authorities ---- do what is good without doing any evil
(v.1-5);
2. Meet one’s obligations ---- pay taxes
(v.6-7);
B. Towards all men ---- owe no one anything except
to love one another (v.8-10);
C. Towards one himself ---- awake out of sleep
walk properly
put on the
Lord Jesus Christ (v.11-14);
II.
Verse by Verse commentary
Rom. 13:1
“Let every soul be subject to the governing authorities. For there is no
authority except from God
and the authorities that exist are appointed by God.
”
YLT: “Let every soul to the higher
authorities be subject
for there is no authority except from God
and the
authorities existing are appointed by God
”
Literal Meaning: “the
governing authorities” are synonymous with “rulers” (v.3)
referring
to the government officers at all levels.
“Let every
soul be subject to…”
“every soul” includes every Christian
without any exception. “Be subject to”: to receive the government of the
authority. Christians should be subject to the national authorities at all
levels. Since the Scriptures have not given the exact definition of a lawful
authority that we Christians should be subject to
we can only suppose we
should be subject to all the established authorities
no matter whether it is
lawful or unlawful
or whether it is controlled by the commandment of the
higher authorities
or whether it is produced from the election of the people
or whether it is from the outer invasion or occupation. Normally
Christians
have no room to choose but can only obey
for authorities are all of the
appointment from God.
However
we are not subject to the governing
authorities on the earth bottomlessly. Only God is worthy of our bottomless
obedience. Especially when the command of the government is against that of
God
we should not be subject to the former one (see Ex. 1:15-17; Dan. 3:12
6:10; Heb. 11:23).
We should know that the meaning of the word
“be subject to” in this verse is slightly different from another word in Greek
namely
“obey”. “Be subject to”
it focuses on the submissive attitude. “Obey”
it more relates to the “obedience” in actions. Christians hold an “obedient”
attitude towards the governing authorities on the earth. But when the command
of the government resists the will of God (especially false commands concerning
faith and morality)
we cannot be subject to them blindly (see Acts. 5:29).
“For there
is no authority except from God”
not only the
spiritual authorities in the church but also that in the world are established
and appointed by God. God Himself is the origin of all authorities.
“And the
authorities that exist are appointed by God.” ---- The purpose
that God establishes and appoints the governing authorities and rulers is to
maintain good social order and to provide just and peaceful living environment
so that believers can lead a quiet and tranquil life in all piety and gravity
(1Tim. 2:2) and that the gospel of God will be wildly spread and the churches
of God be established everywhere and the Lord’s second coming be accelerated.
Enlightenment in
the Word:
1) Though Christians are heavenly citizens
as
long as we live on the earth
we have still to assume our responsibilities. In
other words
we have to meet the obligations of being a citizen of a nation.
2) Christians are easy to forget the fleshly
responsibilities on account of spiritual responsibilities. Actually
taking the
fleshly responsibility is contributory to our taking spiritual
responsibilities.
3) Men in the world are subjection to the
governing authorities for fear of the punishment of the law. That we Christians
are subject to the governing authorities is due to the fear of God
for the
authorities are all permitted and appointed by God.
4) The natural man is not subject to God (
5) There is the appointment of God behind every
authority. Apparently
we are just subject to man’s authorities
but actually
we are subject to God Himself.
6) The true ideal social system is that all is
under the government of God ---- the governments serve the people in accordance
with the will of God
and the people obey the government in fear of God.
Rom.
13:2 “Therefore whoever resists the
authority resists the ordinance of God
and those who resist will bring
judgment on themselves.”
YLT: “so that he who is setting himself
against the authority
against God's ordinance hath resisted; and those
resisting
to themselves shall receive judgment.”
Meaning of Words:
“judgment”: condemnation
decision
damnation;
Literal Meaning: “whoever
resists the authority resists the ordinance of God”
there is no problem of the authority itself
for
all the problems lie in men: 1) to obtain the authority unlawfully; 2) to
perform the authority unlawfully. God Himself will deal with the faults of the
authority
so believers should not have any actions
resisting or overthrowing the authority. However
if it relates to the direct
authority of God Himself
believers should give priority to the obedience of
God’s authority.
“And those
who resist will bring judgment on themselves”
here
“judgment”
refers to legal sanction. If we are unwilling to obey the command of the
government
we will be suffered from unnecessary troubles. Of course
if we
suffer for the sake of the will of God
we should endure the suffering silently
and ask the Lord for help.
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) Christians can never partake in any
organization against the government
let alone any
terrifying riot. No matter how sufficient your
reason is
it will never be permitted or approved by God
for you are resisting
God.
2) Any action that resists the authority should
be judged and is caused by man himself. Man can not expect God’s approval or
remission. The exception is that when the government oversteps the authority of
God and offends the freedom of Christians’ faith and gathering
we may not
think the command is of God. Therefore
resistance to this command is not
resisting God.
Rom.
13:3 “For rulers are not a terror to good
works
but to evil. Do you want to be unafraid of the authority? Do what is
good
and you will have praise from the same. ”
YLT: “For those ruling are not a terror to
the good works
but to the evil; and dost thou wish not to be afraid of the
authority? that which is good be doing
and thou shalt have praise from it
”
Literal Meaning: “rulers
are not a terror to good works”
common government
officials are restricted by the law and cannot disturb the people or domineer
over them without reason. Therefore
if we do good works and seek to be good
law-abiding citizens
we will not fear them.
“But to evil”
obviously
the government has the authority of
punishing sins
thus performing the function of keeping the public security.
“Do what is
good
and you will have praise from the same”
if Christians are
lawful citizens
they will not only need not fear rulers but also have good
testimonies
thus getting opportunities to bring them to the Lord.
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) If we Christians live in the world according
to the Scriptures
we need not fear rulers. There are only two exceptions: 1)
Christians do not do good
but do evil; 2) the government officials bully those
who do good but dear those who do evil.
2) Even though there are rulers who punish
those who do right and to praise those who do evil
they still confess that
they have vengeance on evildoers and praise to them that do well. It is
hypocritical of them in fact
but not in principle. In principle
rulers
appointed by God always praise those who do right and punish those who do
wrong.
3) A normal Christian can still live in peace
even though he suffers the greatest distress.
Rom.
13:4 “For he is God's minister to you for
good. But if you do evil
be afraid; for he does not bear the sword in vain;
for he is God's minister
an avenger to execute wrath on him who practices
evil. ”
YLT: “for of God it is a ministrant to
thee for good; and if that which is evil thou mayest do
be fearing
for not in
vain doth it bear the sword; for of God it is a ministrant
an avenger for
wrath to him who is doing that which is evil.”
Meaning of Words:
“minister”: servant
deacon
and attendant;
Literal Meaning: “for
he is God's minister”
“God's
minister” refers to the servant who serves God. Any work
that serves the people and benefits mankind is serving God indirectly
so here
he is “called” God’s minister.
“To you for good”
a good government official
can at least provide us a good living environment and help us to lead a quiet
and tranquil life in all piety
so he is good.
“For he does not bear the sword in vain”
“sword” is a symbol of power at that time in
“For he is
God's minister
an avenger to execute wrath on him who practices evil”
the important
responsibility of a God’s minister is to do justice and to maintain peace. He
shall maintain the people’s rights through giving right judgment and repressing
the disturbances of evildoers through legal sanction.
Enlightenment in
the Word:
1) Christians should not be hostile to the
whole political system because of some malfeasants. The political system may
unavoidably have defects
but to a certain degree it still has its advantage in
the hands of God.
2) The authority of the government is appointed
to protect the citizens who keep the law and to prevent the unlawful deeds and
to punish the evildoers.
3) When a ruler punishes an evildoer
he is
fulfilling the responsibility of a God’s minister. Since the rulers are God’s
ministers
that how they use the power given by God should be responsible to
God.
4) All the leaders in the world are in the
hands of God and perform their functions in God’s sovereignty. It is a great
consolation to Christians ---- man may have faults
but God never fails. Man
shall render account to God for their faults one day. We Christians shall only
walk according to the will of God
and will ultimately be rewarded by God.
Rom.
13:5 “Therefore you must be subject
not
only because of wrath but also for conscience' sake.”
YLT: “Wherefore it is necessary to be
subject
not only because of the wrath
but also because of the conscience
”
Literal Meaning: “therefore
you must be subject
not only because of wrath”
“wrath” not only
refers to the political penalty
but also God’s punishment in the future. In
the negative aspect
we Christians should be subject to the authority of the
government so as to avoid the double kinds of punishment.
“But also
for conscience' sake”
this is the positive reason why we
Christians should be subject to the governing authority. “Conscience”
God sets
conscience in man so that man can know what is right or wrong (
Enlightenment in
the Word:
1) Many times
the fear of assuming the
responsibility after sins may prevent man from sin. A fearful heart is a great
obstructive factor so that “many people dare to be angry but dare not utter
and dare to imagine but not do”. Therefore
it is not a bad thing that one is
subject to the authority because of fearing wrath
but the motive is not
much noble.
2) Altogether
wrath comes from men
and
the feeling of conscience comes from God. We should honor God more than man.
Therefore
Christians should still be subject to the authorities on the earth
with a higher motive.
3) The feeling of the conscience of a normal
Christian is often inspired and testified by the Holy Spirit (see
4) Christian should walk in conscience (see
Acts. 23:1). If we put away our conscience or ignore the feeling of our
conscience
it is just like having made shipwreck as to faith (1Tim. 1:19)
and
without moving ahead.
5) Conscience is often the main power of
guiding us concerning earthly things. Therefore
we should walk according to
the feeling of conscience in national and social matters.
Rom.
13:6 “For because of this you also pay
taxes
for they are God's ministers attending continually to this very thing.”
YLT: “for because of this also pay ye
tribute; for servants of God they are
on this very thing attending
continually;”
Meaning of Words:
“minister”: a public servant
benefactor;
Literal Meaning: “for
because of this you also pay taxes”
“pay taxes”
at that time
all the Roman
citizens had to give tribute to the Roman Empire
namely
paying “the
national taxes”. One should pay taxes honestly in order to avoid being punished
or being accused by conscience.
“For they
are God's ministers attending continually to this very thing”
the government
should have revenue to pay the necessary expense
so governors attend the
matter of paying taxes very strictly.
Enlightenment in
the Word:
1) Pay what is Caesar's to Caesar
and what is
God's to God (Mark 12:17). Believers should obey the national laws on the
earth
but not be an offence to them (see Matt. 17:27).
2) We Christians should decrease their taxes in
legal range. We should in no wise evade taxes.
Rom.
13:7 “Render therefore to all their due:
taxes to whom taxes are due
customs to whom customs
fear to whom fear
honor
to whom honor.”
YLT: “render
therefore
to all dues; to
whom tribute
the tribute; to whom custom
the custom; to whom fear
the fear;
to whom honour
the honour.”
Literal Meaning: “render
therefore to all their due”
“all their due”: what should be paid to
them;
“Taxes to
whom taxes are due
customs to whom customs”
“taxes” amount to “the national
taxes” today (see v.6); “customs” refer to regional taxes today. Paying taxes
is an obligatory duty of a citizen.
“Fear to
whom fear
honor to whom honor”
“fear” refers to the inward terror; “honor”
relates more to the outward courtesy.
Enlightenment in
the Word:
1) One who is protected by the nation should
not merely enjoy
but have no paying out. One should not just enjoy his rights
but not assume his responsibilities.
2) One who fears neither heavens nor the earth
is a man that does not fear God or man. Such man must be an unrighteous one.
3) We Christians shall love and bear and humble
ourselves when serving God in the church. And we shall fear and be submissive
when serving God in the nation or society.
Rom.
13:8 “Owe no one anything except to love
one another
for he who loves another has fulfilled the law.”
YLT: “To no one owe anything
except to
love one another; for he who is loving the other -- law he hath fulfilled
”
Literal Meaning: “owe
no one anything”
we should not let others suffer loss
because of us.
“Love one
another”
“one
another”
it is not only among Christians
but also all
men.
“Owe no
one anything except to love one another”. Love is a debt that we can never repay.
No matter how much love one has given
he still has to give unceasingly
for
love never fails (1Cor. 13:8).
“Has
fulfilled the law”
“the law” refers to the Law of Moses in
the Old Testament. The Lord Jesus is the body of all the letter and customs in
the law (
Enlightenment in
the Word:
1) “Owe no one
anything”
since we had the corrupted nature
we were
always fond of taking advantage of others and making others suffer loss.
However
the new life of the Lord in us always makes us feel we owe others.
Therefore
we dare not owe anyone anything.
2) When we begin to feel that the matters of
others are ours and the troubles of others are ours and the burdens of others
are ours
we begin to “love one another”.
3) The more we receive love
the more we may
feel we owe. When we practice loving others
we will find that the more we owe
the more actively we can love others.
4) When we begin to love one another
we have
perfectly fulfilled the requirements of the law
for true love to men is from
God
and our love to man is the fruit of our love to God.
Rom.
13:9 “For the commandments
"You
shall not commit adultery
" "You shall not murder
" "You
shall not steal
" "You shall not bear false witness
" "You
shall not covet
" and if there is any other commandment
are all summed up
in this saying
namely
"You shall love your neighbor as yourself."”
YLT: “for
`Thou shalt not commit adultery
Thou shalt do no murder
Thou shalt not steal
Thou shalt not bear false
testimony
Thou shalt not covet;' and if there is any other command
in this
word it is summed up
in this: `Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself;'”
Literal Meaning: “for
the commandments”
the following four
commandments are quoted from the commandments concerning human relationship in
the Ten Commandments
but they are not according to the original order. And the
quotation that “you shall not covet” is not the
original verse
but the summary of its meaning.
“You shall
not commit adultery”
“adultery” refers
to the sexual relationship of adults besides marriage. Adultery shows that those
who commit adultery do not respect each
other enough
so it is not love.
“You shall
not murder”
“murder” is the
ultimate performance of hatred. He who loves never murders.
“You shall
not steal”
“steal” to strip
someone of his ownership. True love is to give
not gain.
“You shall
not covet
“covet” is a kind of uncontrollable lust. Love is
a amazing way to eliminate one’s lusts.
“If there is
any other commandment”
there are two
meanings of the word “other”: 1) except for the
above-mentioned four “shall not”
there is no other detailed commandment; 2) it
refers to the commandments different from the above-mentioned commandments
so
it many concludes the worldly law.
“Are all
summed up in this saying
namely
"You shall love your neighbor as
yourself."” ---- “Love
your neighbor as yourself”
it is quoted from the Book of Leviticus
(19:18).
Enlightenment in
the Word:
1) Anyone who loves
his neighbor as himself had
fulfilled his duties on men in the world.
2) “To love your
neighbor as yourself”
it is a selfless love
namely
sacrificing love. Only when one lives in the divine life
can he manifest such
love. He has loved me and given himself for me (Gal. 2:20).
Rom.
13:10 “Love does no harm to a neighbor;
therefore love is the fulfillment of the law.”
YLT: “the love to the neighbor doth work
no ill; the love
therefore
the fullness of law.”
Meaning of Words:
“fulfillment”: repletion
completion
fullness;
Literal Meaning: “therefore
love is the fulfillment of the law”
it means that if we “love
our neighbor as ourselves” (v.9)
we have filled the whole law (see
Gal. 5:14).
Enlightenment in
the Word:
1) “Love does
no harm to a neighbor”
true love is a kind of self-sacrificing
love. Such love makes man glad to see others and unable to bear other’s being
suffered. Where there is love
there will be less harm to men.
2) “Therefore
love is the fulfillment of the law”. It shows that: a) the purpose of the
whole law of God is love. That God gives the law is not for the purpose of
condemning or punishing man
but exposing the nature of man and bringing man to
receive grace ---- this is love; b) this love is Christ. And the loving Christ
can fully fulfill the law of God so that all the law of God will not fail; 3)
as long as we live in the love of Christ
we can walk according to the will of
God and even go beyond the requirement of the law. Therefore
we need no longer
live under the law to be responsible to the law or keep the commandments of the
law.
Rom.
13:11 “And do this
knowing the time
that
now it is high time to awake out of sleep; for now our salvation is nearer than
when we first believed. ”
YLT: “And this
knowing the time
that for
us
the hour already to be aroused out of sleep
for now nearer our salvation
than when we did believe;”
Literal Meaning: “and”
it shows that
another principle of Christians’ life will be mentioned.
“Do this
knowing the time
that now it is high time to awake out of sleep”
“know”
as long
as one is a believer
he should know this. “Now” refers to the age of grace at
present. “High time”
it means that one should act without delay. “Awake out of
sleep”
it indicates that one should not allow his spirit sleep deeply.
“For
now our salvation”
it not only refers to the spirit of
salvation (eternal salvation)
for once we have believed the Lord Jesus we have
been born again and obtained salvation
but also refers to salvation of the
whole man (including the salvation of soul and the redemption of body and etc.)
“Is
nearer than when we first believed”
it means that it becomes increasingly
near to the Lord’s second coming every day.
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) Christians have no time to be consumed or
wasted. When we drift along in a sleepy state
we are consuming and wasting our
life.
2) He who is indifferent to the Lord’s second
coming is in a dead sleep and is not watchful enough. Watch therefore
for you
know neither the day nor the hour (see Matt. 25:13).
Rom.
13:12 “The night is far spent
the day is
at hand. Therefore let us cast off the works of darkness
and let us put on the
armor of light. ”
YLT: “the night did advance
and the day
came nigh; let us lay aside
therefore
the works of the darkness
and let us
put on the armour of the light;”
Literal Meaning: “the
night is far spent”
it means that the
darkness reigns and the world becomes increasingly evil and corrupted.
“The day is
at hand”
it means that the time of Christ’s second coming
is at hand. Since He is that morning star (Rev. 22:16)
when He comes again
we
shall live in light.
“Therefore
let us cast off the works of darkness”
“the
works of darkness” refers to the works that cannot be told to
others
that can not let others see and that shall be judged by the Lord.
“And let us
put on the armor of light”
“the armor
of light”
it unveils that the good works of Christians are
a sharp weapon to deal with the power of darkness.
Rom.
13:13 “Let us walk properly
as in the day
not in revelry and drunkenness
not in lewdness and lust
not in strife and
envy.”
YLT: “as in day-time
let us walk
becomingly; not in revellings and drunkennesses
not in chamberings and
lasciviousnesses
not in strife and emulation;”
Literal Meaning: “let
us walk properly”
“properly”
it
refers to an orderly and respectable form.
“As in the
day”
it means that one
walks in light (1John 1:7) without any concealment.
“Not in
revelry and drunkenness”
“revelry”
it is belly-worship
and noise; “drunkenness”
it means that one
is anesthetized or controlled by alcohol and becomes unconventional and
uninhibited. In short
revelry and drunkenness are indulging
oneself.
“Not in
lewdness and lust”
“lewdness”
it derives from
the word “bed” in the original
carrying the meaning of “cohabitation”. It
means pursuing improper sexual relationship. “Lust” refers to shameless and
contemptible deeds. In short
lewdness and lust are defilement and filth.
“Not in
strife and envy”
“strife” refers to arguments and
contention in words; “envy”
it means having enmity against the preeminence
performance and achievements of others. To be brief
strife
and envy are disputes with others.
Rom.
13:14 “But put on the Lord Jesus Christ
and make no provision for the flesh
to fulfill its lusts.”
YLT: “but put ye on the Lord Jesus Christ
and for the flesh take no forethought -- for desires.”
Literal Meaning: “put
on the Lord Jesus Christ”
we have been baptized unto Christ (
“And make no
provision for the flesh”
do not plan anything
for the flesh
nor prepare anything
nor supply anything. One should not let
the flesh be upheld nor give way to the flesh.
“To fulfill
its lusts”
“lusts” are in the flesh of man. Once man makes
provision for the flesh
lusts will be activated.
Enlightenment in
the Word:
1) The general principle of the life of the
sons of God is “putting on Christ”. Putting on Christ refers to on one hand our
objective position in Christ ---- He is our righteous clothes and our covering
and on the other hand our real condition of our life ---- we have manifested
Him and boasted of Him.
2) Christians should not plan or arrange
anything for the sake of satisfying the lusts of the flesh
nor even let the
evil impulsion work haunt our mind.
III. Outlines of the Spiritual
Lessons
To Be a Good Citizen
A. Christians should be subject to the
government (v.1-5):
1. Why should Christians be subject to the
governing authorities?
a. For there is no authority except from God (v.1);
b. For rulers remove resistance and maintain
safety and execute judgment for the oppressed (v.3-4);
c. For they are “for good” (v.4);
2. In what conditions
we should not be subject
to the government?
a. When the commandment of the government goes
against righteousness or conflicts with that of God;
b. If the government persecutes our belief
Christians should not compromise.
c. If the government administrate improperly
Christians should “make supplications” (1Tim. 2:1-2) and “manifest our faith in
life actively” (1Pet. 4:14-16) and should not “disobey the law”.
d. Christians should not resist the government
violently or destructively.
B. Christians should do good and keep the law
(v.3
5):
1. Christians are willing to do good in the
present society for the reason that they can obtain praise (good testimony).
2. Christians are willing to do good in the
present society for the sake of obey their conscience (the manifestation of
faith).
3. Christians should keep the law more actively
and voluntarily than common people.
C. Christians should pay taxes faithfully
(v.6-7):
1. Christians should pay taxes faithfully
for
we are protected by the government.
2. Christians should pay taxes faithfully
for
we receive various services from the government.
3. Christians should pay taxes faithfully
for
it is ordained by the government.
The Reason Why We
Should Be Subject to the Governing Authority
A. For there is no authority
except from God (v.1-2);
B. For authority exists for punishing evil and rewarding
good (v.3-4);
C. For conscience' sake (v.5);
D. For the tax collecting of the government is
for the sake of providing good environment of life (v.6-7);
To Be a Christian
Fulfilling the Law
A. One should taking “owing
no one anything” (v.8) as the basic
principle of walking in the world:
1. “Owe no one anything”
it means that we should not let others suffer
losses whatever we do
nor take advantage of others.
2. If we are willing to keep the commandments
of the Lord
we can “owe
no one anything”.
3. If we are willing to perform our duties
we
can “owe no
one anything”.
B. “Love one another”
(v.8):
1. The first secret of practicing the active
love is being willing to uphold and satisfy the need of others.
2. The second secret of practicing the active
love is being willing to show thought for others.
C. One should have the merit of “love his neighbor as himself” (v.9-10):
1. Love can fulfill the whole law:
a. Love does no harm to a
neighbor ---- this is the
negative significance of love.
b. Love is for the common good ---- this is the
positive significance of love.
c. “You shall love your neighbor as yourself” ---- it hangs all the commandments.
2. One who is willing to “love his neighbor as himself” can become a good
Christian as well as a good
law-abiding citizen.
3. A Christian who is willing to “love his neighbor as himself” must have a joyful
life.
The Definition of
Love
A. Owe no one anything except
to love one another (v.8);
B. You shall not commit
adultery (v.9);
C. You shall not murder (v.9);
D. You shall not steal (v.9);
E. You shall not covet (v.9);
F. Love does no harm to a
neighbor (v.10);
To Be a Bright
Christian
A. One shall wake up his spirit (v.11):
1. “It is high time to awake out of sleep”
it refers to the awakening in spirit.
2. Since the Lord Jesus is coming again
we
should awake our spirit as early as possible.
3. Since the life is transient and
ever-changing
we should awake our spirit as early as possible.
B. One shall elevate his character (v.12):
1. Since “the night is far spent
the day is at
hand”
Christians should seize the opportunities
to elevate their character.
2. One shall “cast
off the works of darkness”:
a. One should not “in
revelry or drunkenness”;
b.
One should not be “in lewdness or
lust”;
c.
One
should not be “in strife or envy”;
3.
One
shall “put on the armor of light”:
a.
That
Christians do not be fellow-partakers with evil men is on account of meditating
the law of Jehovah day and night (Ps.1).
b.
To
“put on the armor of light” is to walk according to the truth.
C. One shall conquer his lusts
(v.13-14):
1. Someone leads a losing life for his deeds
are controlled by lusts.
2. Someone leads a triumphant life for his
deeds are governed by truth.
Several Kinds of
Comparison
A. Sleep ---- awake (v.11);
B. Night ---- day (v.12);
C. The works of darkness ---- the armor of
light (v.12);
D. Put on the Lord Jesus ---- make no provision for the
flesh (v.14);
We Should Know the Time
A. It is high time to awake out of sleep (v.11-12).
B. It is high time to cast off the works of
darkness and put on the armor of light (v.12).
C. It is high time to walk properly (v.13).
D. It is high time to put on the Lord Jesus
instead of making no provision for the flesh (v.14).
──
Caleb Huang《Christian Digest Bible
Commentary Series》
Translated by Mary Zhou