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James Chapter
One
I.
Content of the Chapter
The Trials of
Christians’ Faith
A. The object of those who are tried ---- (v.1)
the twelve tribes which are scattered abroad (v.1) ---- also believers who live
in the world throughout the generations;
B. The external trials (v.2-12);
1. The necessary attitudes toward the trials of
faith ---- joy and patience (v.2-4);
2. The power in the face of the trials of faith
---- wisdom given by God (v.5-8);
3. The model of the trials of faith ---- the
exaltation of the lowly and the humiliation of the rich (v.9-11);
4. The result after the trials of faith ----
the crown of life (v.12);
C. The internal temptations (v.13-27);
1. The reasons for temptations (v.13-18):
a. Temptations are not out of God
but man’s
desires (v.13-15).
b. God is the origin of all good things
(v.16-28).
2. The secrets of dealing with the temptations
(v.19-27):
a. The word of God can save us (v.19-21);
b. Man receives blessings by keeping the word
of God (v.22-25);
c.The examples of keeping God’s word ----
bridle one’s tongue and visit orphans and widows (v.26-27);
II.
Verse by Verse Commentary
James. 1:1
“James
a bondservant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ
To the twelve tribes
which are scattered abroad: Greetings.”
YLT: “James
of God and of the
Lord Jesus Christ a servant
to the Twelve Tribes who are in the dispersion:
Hail!”
Meaning of Words:
“bondservant”: slave
bondman; “are scattered”: in
the dispersion among the gentiles; “greeting”: may you peace
rejoice
be
cheerful;
Literal Meaning:
“James
a bondservant of God and of the Lord Jesus
Christ”
“God and the Lord Jesus Christ”
it shows that the person of the Lord
Jesus Christ is on an equality with God (Phil. 2:6). “James
the bondservant”
he did not write this epistle on the status of the physical brother of the Lord
Jesus
but that of a bondservant in the house of God (Gal. 1:19) serving the
Lord and saints.
“Bondservant” has two aspects of meaning
in the original according to its root of word: 1) be in bondage
which shows
that one regards the mind of his master as his own without any freedom; 2) a
slave born in the house of his master
which means that he lives for the
purpose of serving his master and pleasing his master.
“To the twelve tribes which are
scattered abroad: Greetings”
“are scattered”: be in the dispersion among the
Gentiles; “twelve tribes”: all the tribes of the Israelites (see 2:1)
which
here also refer to the Jewish Christians (see 2:1). The exhortations of this
book are also fit for all believers. “Greetings”
it is different from the words
that Paul often uses (may peace with you).
Enlightenment in the Word:
1) The Lord Jesus Christ is not a God superior
to God the Father. He declares God by His incarnation (John 1:14
18). In fact
He is God (John 1:1; 10:30).
2) Our lord is God and the Lord Jesus Christ
but we do not have two masters. We serve God when we serve the Lord (see
3) The duty of a bondservant is to present all
his life and time and talent and his all without any reservation to serve the
Lord and live a Lord-centered life.
4) We have no lord except for God. We cannot
serve God and mammon (Matt. 6:24). And we cannot draw near to God have
friendship with the world (James 4:4
8).
5) Since we Christians are scattered in the
gentiles
we have to manifest that we are “the salt of the world” and “the
light of the world” (Matt. 5:13-14).
6) We have tribulations in the world and yet
“peace” in Christ (John 16:33).
James. 1:2 “My brethren
count it all
joy when you fall into various trials
”
YLT:
“All joy count
my brethren
when ye may fall into temptations manifold;”
Meaning
of Words: “fall into”: be surrounded with; “various”: manifold
diverse; “trial”: temptation
test
proving; “count”: regard
esteem
judge;
Literal
Meaning: “my brethren … when you fall into various
trials”
“my brethren” refer to brothers and sisters in the Lord (see 2:1).
This epistle is characterized by mentioning “brethren” again and again (see
1:2
16
19; 2:1
5
14; 3:1
10
12; 4:11; 5:7
9
10
12
19)
which
indicates the intimate relationship. “Fall into”
the trials are not caused by
oneself on purpose; “various trials”: all kinds of trials
which are things
that make us afflicted and distressful
including diseases
poverty
persecutions
exploitation
natural and man-made disasters
death etc.
“Trials”: the experiences of
suffering; “trial” is the same word with “temptation” (see v.12) in the
original. However
according to the context
they are different in meaning.
“Trial” refers to the tribulation falling into us externally for the purpose of
texting and perfecting us (see v.3-4); “temptation” is the distress caused by
our internal lusts that may entice us to commit sins (see v.14-15).
“Count it all joy”
“count”
make the following decision after “sitting
down to count and taking counsel” (Luke 14:28
31); “all joy”: it means not
only great joy but also that there is none other feeling but joy.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1) “When”
it shows that trials are unavoidable
for believers. Besides
“all trials” means that they may appear in diverse
forms at any time.
2) All the experiences of believers are
appointed and allowed by God for good to us (
3) All the trials train the character of
Christians and help us to yield the virtue called patience (see v.3) and thus
perfect us (see v.4). Therefore
we shall count the trials all joy.
4) The common people regard the trials as harmful
experience
so they escape from them. However
we Christians shall regard the
trials with great profit
so we please to receive them.
5) The joy of Christians is not caused by the
external smooth situation
but out of the internal joy. Though we may in distressful
conditions
we can still find joy (see Acts 16:25).
6) We can rejoice in any circumstance. If we
cannot rejoice
we may have problems with our hearts and thoughts (Phil. 4:4
7).
7) The eyes of those who have really been saved
and born from the above are opened (Acts 26:18). To things that happen on us or
around us
we shall not see according to the apparent gains or losses
but see
with the spiritual view and eternal value.
8) Believer’s joy varies from one to one
according to his inner evaluation.
9) Everything that is profitable to our spirit
is worthy of our great joy. Physical health and rest of soul are not so worthy
of our joy.
James. 1:3 “knowing that the testing
of your faith produces patience.”
YLT:
“knowing that the proof of your faith doth work endurance
”
Meaning
of Words: “testing”: trying
proving;
the word was originally used to refer to the testing of the purity of gold to
see whether the impurities have been removed; “produce”: work
yield
perform
cause
fashion;
“patience”: endurance
continuance;
Literal
Meaning: “knowing that the testing of your faith”
“knowing”
the word in the original does not mean knowledge in general
but
consciousness in oneself. It is the reason why there is great joy (see v.2) in
difficult conditions. “Your faith” refers to the faith Christians have obtained
in Christ (see 2Pet. 1:1)
which is toward the Lord Jesus Christ (see 2:1).
“Test”: it refers to the process of refining gold in order to identify and
purify it; “the
testing of your faith”
faith is purified
and intensified after the testing of the external circumstance and its purity
shall be then proved.
“Produce patience”
“patience” does not mean passive endurance
but
positively dealing with the circumstance. Such “patience” is the virtue after
faith is tested. To put it another way
it is a kind of normal “work” of faith
(see 2:14
17).
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1) “Knowing” shows that Christians do not have
joy (see v.2) for nothing. Our joy in trials is on account of knowing of the
profit that trials will bring to us.
2) Difficulties in life are the laboratory of
our faith. The purity and verity of our faith shall be proved after various
trials (see v.2).
3) “Various trials” (see v.2) prove the nature
of one’s faith and increase the value of his faith. The unshaken faith after
trials is truly the best faith.
4) He who has sound faith can bear any trial.
In other words
the real condition of one’s faith can be known after trials.
5) The endurance of Christians is by no means
passive and negative
but a kind of passive and victorious and strong power out
of him in the face of the external pressure and difficulties.
6) “Produces patience”
it shows that patience
is the fruit after trials. To put it another way
we have no true patience
without painful trials.
7) Tribulations work endurance (
8) Patience is not self-control. Patience is a
kind of natural response of the new life “by faith” to difficulty. Therefore
it is not out of “my power”.
James. 1:4 “But let patience have its
perfect work
that you may be perfect and complete
lacking nothing.”
YLT:
“and let the endurance have a perfect work
that ye may be perfect and entire
-- in nothing lacking;”
Meaning
of Words: “perfect”: of full age; “complete”: complete in every part
perfectly
sound
entire
whole; “lack nothing”: lack
leave
be destitute (wanting);
Literal
Meaning: “but let patience have its perfect work”
it
means that our patience should be firm and victorious until the fulfillment of
the appointed purpose of God on us.
“That you may be perfect and complete
lacking nothing”
“be perfect”:
one’s mind and character have been perfect (see Matt. 5:48; Phil. 3:15);
“complete”: full growth with perfect testimony of life; “lacking nothing”
it
describes the condition of “being perfect” and “complete”
nearly without
blemish.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1) The patience of Christians is not that of
those who are well cultured in the world. The general worldly patience is
merely transient
partly and defective
but the spiritual patience is
long-suffering (1Cor. 13:4) unto endurance.
2) “He that has endured unto the end
the same
shall be saved” (Matt. 24:13). Patience shall have its perfect work without
giving up halfway.
3) In order to cultivate the persevering and
fruitful patience
God always lets all things work together for good to us (
4) When Christians seek to be “full grown”
“patience” is a necessary step and prerequisite.
5) “Perfect and complete”
it is the situation
that true Christians are supposed to attain to after trials.
6) In the journey of life
Christians will
encounter many trials. However
the purpose of them is not causing us stumble
but making us go forward
and not frustrating us but giving us opportunities of
victory
and not exposing our defects but making us more complete.
7) The way of Christians to deal with all the trials
in life is closely related with whether we are “complete or perfect”. If we
deal well with patience
we are growing and becoming complete.
8) Though we cannot attain to perfect in works
(Phil. 3:12)
we shall seek to be perfect in mind (Is. 38:3; see Matt. 5:48).
James. 1:5 “If any of you lacks
wisdom
let him ask of God
who gives to all liberally and without reproach
and it will be given to him.”
YLT:
“and if any of you do lack wisdom
let him ask from God
who is giving to all
liberally
and not reproaching
and it shall be given to him;”
Meaning
of Words: “liberally”: generously
unconditionally
without any reservation; “reproach”: rebuke;
Literal
Meaning: “if any of you lacks wisdom”
“if”: it is in
the subjunctive mood; “wisdom”: a kind of internal insight more excellent than
knowledge
enabling man to use the knowledge he has got and seek the way in
difficulty.
“Let him ask of God
who gives to all liberally and without reproach”
“let … ask of God”
God is the only origin and supplier of true wisdom. “Gives
… liberally”
God gives freely without stint; “Gives to all”: God gives to all
without partiality; “Without reproach”: the gifts of God are not restricted by
our conditions.
“And it will be given to him”
“and it will
be given …”
the gifts of God are totally unconditional (see v.6; 4:3). Here it
indicates that one shall “receive” (see 4:2) only when he “asks”. If we do not
ask
we will not be “given”
without foundation.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1) Since we Christians live in a complicated
and disordered condition
we have to get an acute spiritual discernment to
distinguish different things and accept the best things. Such discernment is
the so-called “wisdom” here.
2) Wisdom is a kind of useful virtue
which
provides the direction of life for those who are of God. Wisdom discerns the
will of God and applies it to our daily life (see Pro. 2:10-19; 3:13-14;
9:1-6).
3) True wisdom is of God (see 4:17). Only He is
the origin of true wisdom.
4) The wisdom of Christians is finding out joy
in tribulations and learning the secret of being edified in trials.
5) No matter what we ask of God
we have to
firstly see what we “lack”. The depth of one’s true need decides the depth of
his true prayer to God.
6) The best and most worthwhile prayer is
supposed to be prayers for “wisdom” (see 1King 3:9-13). Once man has obtained
wisdom
he has obtained the key to the spiritual treasure.
7) God pleases those who are of Him to pray to
Him and prepares abundantly for them. However
we seldom “ask”
and even though
we pray
we are afraid of praying too much.
8) The experienced Christians can bear witness
that many times God grants our prayer “above all that we ask or think” (Eph.
3:20).
9) We have to remember that God’s grace is
abundant
and He is never miserly. We Children of God shall also help those who
are in need liberally in the merciful bowel of God (see v.27).
James. 1:6 “But let him ask in faith
with no doubting
for he who doubts is like a wave of the sea driven and tossed
by the wind.”
YLT:
“and let him ask in faith
nothing doubting
for he who is doubting hath been
like a wave of the sea
driven by wind and tossed
”
Meaning
of Words: “doubting”: discrimination
wavering
staggering
discerning; “toss”: breeze up
agitate into waves;
Literal
Meaning: “let him ask in faith”
here it points out
the only prerequisite for asking of God for true wisdom. “Ask in faith”: have
perfect faith toward God
including: 1) what he asks for is what he believes;
2) believe the will and power of God; 3) what he asks for shall be granted by
God; 4) believe that God shall grant in the best way and at the best time to us
in His sight;
“With no doubting”
the faith is firm without any waving.
“For he who doubts is like a wave of the sea”
“he who doubts”: he who
is in two minds; “a wave of the sea”
it describes the waving condition of
one’s mind
capricious like waves in the sea.
“Driven and tossed by the wind”
“driven by the wind”
it means that
one’s mind and thoughts often differ according to the environment. “Tossed”
in
the original it is “constantly evaluating both sides”. Here it means that he
who doubts waves with an attitude of judgment
to the left and to the right
again and again.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1) To all those who really know God and trust
in God
even though they cannot understand the “works” of God
they can receive
all that environments that God arranges because of knowing about His “being”.
2) We cannot command God to do anything for us
in prayers. However
we are sure that He cares for us and loves us.
3) When we ask of God
we have to believe in
the power of God completely and be confident of His willingness of bestowing
us.
4) God do not answer our prayers with
partiality (see v.5). However
the attitude of our prayers will affect and
restrict God.
5) Pray is to ask for things unseen
so it
should be by faith. We shall not only pray by faith but also pray for faith.
That is to say
we shall pray unto a degree that we can believe.
6) Since we ask for wisdom to God
we shall
neither rely on our own intellect or talent nor doubt whether it will be given.
James. 1:7 “For let not that man
suppose that he will receive anything from the Lord;”
YLT:
“for let not that man suppose that he shall receive anything from the Lord --”
Meaning
of Words: “suppose”: imagine
think; “receive”: accept
attain;
Literal
Meaning: “that man” refers to the one who doubts (see
v.6); “let not”: do not expect; “not … receive anything”: receive nothing;
The meaning of this verse is definite ---- he who has faith will
receive
and he who doubts will receive nothing.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1) Doubt is the biggest enemy of faith as well
as the main reason for the failure of prayers.
2) There is a law that prayer shall be granted
namely
faith. Faith is honoring God as well as glorifying God. Doubt is
despising God and humiliating God
and doubt prevents our prayers being
granted.
James. 1:8 “he is a double-minded
man
unstable in all his ways.”
YLT:
“a two-souled man unstable in all his ways.”
Meaning
of Words: “double-minded”: double-soul; “unstable”: inconstant;
Literal
Meaning: “a double-minded man”
it describes a man
who have double hearts seeking different goals
but either heart is utterly
controlled (see 1King 18:21).
“Unstable in all his ways”
“unstable”: have no fixed faith or direction;
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1) Just as schizophrenia is a kind of mental
illness
“double-minded” is a kind of faith illness. The double-mined man
cannot make up his mind and is capricious whatever he does.
2) “Double-minded” is the enemy of Christians
in their pursuit of “perfection” (see v.4)
and is opposite to the nature of
God ---- who is the only and perfect God (see v.5).
3) He who has wisdom is (see 3:13) a man with a
stable mind (see 3:13 “wise
and understanding”). Such man knows
how to “make up his mind”
and then runs forward (see Phil. 3:13-14).
James. 1:9 “Let the lowly brother
glory in his exaltation
”
YLT:
“And let the brother who is low rejoice in his exaltation
”
Meaning
of Words: “lowly”: of low degree; “exaltation”: be exalted
height; “glory”: boast
rejoice;
Literal
Meaning: “the lowly brother … in his exaltation”
“lowly”
generally
men despise the poor (see 2:3)
so he who has fortune also
has no rank in the world. “Exaltation”: prosperity
including the increase of
wealth and the elevation of rank
both of which are often connected.
“Let …glory”
it is glory because of the reasons of one’s exaltation
for the “situation” of one’s exaltation shall pass away like flowers and grass
and beautiful
appearance (see v.10-11).
Spiritual Meaning: “the lowly brother …in his exaltation”
“exaltation” also refers to the surpassing status and enjoyment of believers.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1) Poor Christians do not have to regard them
“lowly”
because: a) they
though poor
are rich in faith; b) they are poor in
this world
but they have the promise of kingdom in the coming world (see 2:5).
2) Faith brings us right “values of ourselves”:
a) we are “brethren” no matter poor or rich ---- there is no classic; b) our
present cannot restrict my future; c) Christ died for “me”
so “I” am important
in the sight of God; d) do not rejoice for “what I have in the flesh”
but
rejoice for “what I am in the sight of God”.
3) Believers are enable to “be exalted” into
the heavenly sphere by faith and enjoy spiritual joy without any restriction of
earthly poor conditions.
James. 1:10 “but the rich in his
humiliation
because as a flower of the field he will pass away.”
YLT:
“and the rich in his becoming low
because as a flower of grass he shall pass
away;”
Meaning
of Words: “rich”: wealthy
abounding
with; “humiliation”: be made low
low estate;
“pass away”: go
pass over;
Literal
Meaning: “but the rich in his humiliation”
“rich”
it includes both wealth and rank (see v.9). “Humiliation”
it indicates that
one’s wealth and rank are not as that in the past;
“Because as a flower of the field he will pass away”
“he”: the rich;
“pass away”: be of nothing; “the flower of the field”
though it exists and is
beautiful today
it will finally pass away with no eternal value at all (see
v.11; Matt. 6:28-30).
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1) Both the rich and the poor shall
beyond the
physical appearance
see the eternal spiritual value and the verity of “the
heavenly realm” which can not be seen by physical eyes.
2) No one can rely on things uncontrollable to
him. We have to confess our powerlessness
and confide in God humbly
for only
He can give men things eternal.
3) Money is like the blooming flowers that are
beautiful for a transient period
and then passes away and comes to nothing.
4) Men need not to forsake wealth to be
Christians. However
Christians have to often abandon the self-sufficiency and
pride accompanying wealth.
5) If Christians are persecuted and exploited
and rejected for the sake of persisting in faith
even though they lose wealth
or opportunities of obtaining wealth
they shall still rejoice and glory in it.
6) The joy of Christians is on account of the
abiding excellence of Christ (see Phil. 3:7-8)
not the blessings of wealth or
ranks.
James. 1:11 “For no sooner has the sun
risen with a burning heat than it withers the grass; its flower falls
and its
beautiful appearance perishes. So the rich man also will fade away in his
pursuits.”
YLT:
“for the sun did rise with the burning heat
and did wither the grass
and the
flower of it fell
and the grace of its appearance did perish
so also the rich
in his way shall fade away!”
Meaning
of Words: “a burning heat”: hot wind; “risen”: make to rise
be up; “wither”: dry up
pine away; “fall”: drop way
fail
lose; “beautiful”: graceful
suitable;
“appearance”: countenance
face; “fade away”: pass away;
The Background: “for no sooner has the sun risen with a burning
heat”
the southeast wind in the
Literal
Meaning: “for no sooner has the sun risen with a
burning heat”
it relates to the unstable and fickle condition. Here
it
suggests that the adverse situation is just in the eyes of man and will come at
any moment.
“Than it withers the grass its flower falls
and its beautiful
appearance perishes”
“it withers the grass”
man’s life is impermanent; “its
flower falls”
things in this world cannot endure forever; “and its beautiful
appearance perishes”
it shows that one’s boast will disappear (see Is.
40:6-9).
“So the rich man also will fade away in his pursuits”
“in his
pursuits”
it includes the style or journey of one’s life (see 4:13); “fade
away”
it carries two meanings: a) the rich dies suddenly; 2) the riches
disappear at once.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1) Men are subject to sudden changes of
fortune. Men’s life and possessions are unreliable. Only God is our abiding
reliance.
2) Man tends to turn his eyes to see God when
he is faced with dangers and shortages. God allows trials to come to us for the
purpose of letting us learn the lessons of faith
not making us afflicted.
James. 1:12 “Blessed is the man who
endures temptation; for when he has been approved
he will receive the crown of
life which the Lord has promised to those who love Him.”
YLT:
“Happy the man who doth endure temptation
because
becoming approved
he shall
receive the crown of the life
which the Lord did promise to those loving Him.”
Meaning
of Words: “endure”: abide
remain
undergo (it shares the same root of word with “patience” in verse two); “temptation”: try; “blessed”: happy
fortunate;
“approved”: acceptable
approved
tried; “crown”: coronet; “promise”: profess
announce;
Literal
Meaning: “blessed is the man who endures temptation”
“endures temptation”: stand firm in trials and keep his faith after the trials;
“For when he has been approved
he will receive the crown of life”
“has
been approved”
has passed the test and has been proved to be qualified; “he
will…”: will receive definitely…; “the crown of life”: the unfading crown (see
1Pet. 5:4; 1Cor. 9:25) which is reserved for the overcomers who always keep the
faith (see Rev. 2:10).
“Which the Lord has promised to those who love Him”
“the Lord has
promised”: in the eternal counsel of God
He has especially prepared rewards to
those who overcome (see 2Tim. 4:8); “those who love Him”: those who endure to
the end and overcome the trials;
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1) Whether one’s life is blessed is not judged
by his external circumstances
but his dealing with the circumstances.
2) Christians have the joy of which the world
is unworthy. Only Christians who love the Lord understand how to appreciate the
rewards of life. His divine life is just like an abiding feast abounding with joy.
3) “The crown of life”
it is the glory of life
manifested from the “perfect and complete” (see v.4) life when fully grown up.
Such crown of glory shall become the joy eternal.
4) If believers focus their eyes on the coming
glory
they will be able to find support and power in trials and overcome the
present sufferings (Rom. 8:18; 2Cor. 4:17).
James. 1:13 “Let no one say when he is
tempted
"I am tempted by God"; for God cannot be tempted by evil
nor does He Himself tempt anyone.”
YLT:
“Let no one say
being tempted -- `From God I am tempted
' for God is not
tempted of evil
and Himself doth tempt no one
”
Meaning
of Words: “tempt”: try
test
entice; “evil”: harm
wickedness;
Literal
Meaning: “he is tempted”
“tempted”
here it means
“entice”
which is for the purpose of exposing man’s evil and faults.
“Let no one say … ‘I am tempted by God’”
“no one say”
one shall not
shuffle off responsibility of failure onto God; “I am tempted by God”
it means
that my failure is caused by God.
“For God cannot be tempted by evil
nor does He Himself tempt anyone”
“for”
here it mentions the reason that man cannot speak; “God does cannot be
tempted by evil”
the nature of God cannot make Him be tempted to do evil. “Nor
does He Himself tempt anyone”
God never tempts men with evil.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1) The tempter (Matt. 4:3; 1Thess. 3:5) is the
devil
not God.
2) God never “tempts” men with evil. All things
befalling us are according to the good will of God.
3) God does not tempt men
for temptation
destroys faith
but trials build up faith.
James. 1:14 “But each one is tempted
when he is drawn away by his own desires and enticed.”
YLT:
“and each one is tempted
by his own desires being led away and enticed
”
Meaning
of Words: “tempt”: try
test
entice; “desires”: lusts; “be drawn away”: be dragged
forth; “entice”: seduce
delude;
Literal
Meaning: “but each one is tempted”
here it shows
that it is possible for men to be tempted.
“When he is drawn away by his own desires and enticed”
“desires”
the
desires in man are not utterly evil
e.g. the normal appetite and sexual
desires etc. which are inborn by nature. However
if the appetitive or sexual
desires are not controlled
they will become covetousness or evil lusts. “Be
drawn away and enticed”
it means that men are unconsciously deceived by lusts
and make wrong decisions. That is why man is tempted.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1) Man’s desires are the bait and net
and what
he catches is even himself (see 7:15).
2) If we do not resist the enticement of
“desires” with all our strength
we may unconsciously swallow the bait and thus
be unable to escape from its dragging power.
James. 1:15 “Then
when desire has
conceived
it gives birth to sin; and sin
when it is full-grown
brings forth
death.”
YLT:
“afterward the desire having conceived
doth give birth to sin
and the sin
having been perfected
doth bring forth death.”
Meaning
of Words:
“desires”: lusts
concupiscence
longing; “conceive”: catch
take
clasp; “give birth to”: bear
be born
bring forth
be delivered; “full-grown”: complete entirely
consummate; “bring forth”: breed forth
generate
beget
produce;
Literal
Meaning: “then
when desire has conceived
it gives
birth to sin”
“has conceived”
it means that man is controlled by his desire
and the desire affects and even works in man’s will. “It gives birth to sin”
sin is the natural result.
“And sin
when it is full-grown
brings forth death”
“is full-grown”
the passive voice shows that sin does not grow up by itself
but is grown when
man surrenders himself to it. “Brings forth death”
it means that the end of
sin is death.
This verse speaks of the four processes of man’s fall: 1) the conceiving
of desires; 2) the giving birth of sin; 3) the growth of sin; 4) death is
brought forth;
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1) Desire is not sin. However
if we do not
deal with it carefully and yet cooperate with it
sin will be thus produced.
2) Man has the inclination of sin by birth. If
man abets it
the desire will gradually grow up and become uncontrollable when
it is full-grown and will thus give birth to sin ---- this is also the way to
death.
James. 1:16 “Do not be deceived
my
beloved brethren.”
YLT:
“Be not led astray
my brethren beloved;”
Meaning
of Words: “be deceived”: be deluded
be
enticed
go astray
be out of the way;
Literal
Meaning: “do not be deceived”
“be deceived”
it
means one’s vision becomes dim and his focus is transferred so as to generate
wrong judgment.
“My beloved brethren”
it shows that these
words are spoken to believers.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1) It is rather important of Christians’ views
upon the truth and things
for they will influence the goal of our pursuit and
attitude towards service. Therefore
the Lord cares much about our “prudence”
(see Matt. 24:45).
2) Now we see through a dim window obscurely
(1Cor. 13:12)
so we have to see carefully so as not to be deceived.
James. 1:17 “Every good gift and every
perfect gift is from above
and comes down from the Father of lights
with whom
there is no variation or shadow of turning.”
YLT:
“every good giving
and every perfect gift is from above
coming down from the
Father of the lights
with whom is no variation
or shadow of turning;”
Meaning
of Words: “every”: each
all
whole; “good”: benefit
well; “gift”: bestowment; “perfect”:
of full age
complete; “variation”: transmutation
fickleness
variableness;
“turning”: revolution; “shadow”: a shading off;
Literal
Meaning: “every good gift and every perfect gift”
“gift”: things that are given; “every good gift”
it indicates that all
gracious works of God are good. “Every perfect gift”
it means that all
gracious rewards of God are perfect.
“Is from above
and comes down from the Father of lights”
“is from
above”: from the heaven
from God; “lights”: all the illuminant bodies in the
heavens; “Father”: the origin of all; “the Father of lights”
it indicates that
God is the source of all the illuminant bodies in the heaven ---- the
Creator.
“With whom there is no variation or shadow of turning”
“no variation”:
the natural transformation caused by the working of celestial bodies
e.g. the
length of day and night
the
seasonal temperature etc. “Shadow of
turning”
it refers to the shadow caused by the rotation and revolution of the
celestial bodies
e.g. the different shapes of the moon because of its
revolution around the earth
or the brightness of the stars at different times.
“There is no …or”
the will of God appointed to men never changes (see
v.18)
so He bestows us every gift.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1) Everything around us can never be free from
transformation and corruption. However
Jesus Christ is the same yesterday
and
today and to the ages (Heb. 13:8).
2) In the capricious world
everything tends to
be changed. However
the good gift given by God never changes.
James. 1:18 “Of His own will He
brought us forth by the word of truth
that we might be a kind of firstfruits
of His creatures.”
YLT:
“having counselled
He did beget us with a word of truth
for our being a
certain first-fruit of His creatures.”
Meaning
of Words: “of… own will”: His own purpose;
Literal
Meaning: “of His own will”: it is the will that was
appointed after thorough consideration
not a sudden idea.
“He brought us forth by the word of truth”
“the word of truth” here may refer to the gospel (see
“That we might be a kind of firstfruits of
his creatures”
“firstfruits”: the crops that are firstly reaped. Just like the
first-born animals
they are sanctified to Jehovah (Ex. 23:16
19; Lev. 23:10;
Num. 28:26). Here
the firstfruits refer to believers
who are a group of men
firstly separated unto God from all creatures.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1) There is life in the word of God. Everytime
when we come to the word of God
we are not for the purpose of understanding
letters
but enjoying the life of God.
2) “Firstfruits” are particularly for God and
unto God. We
the new creature in Christ
shall also no longer live to
ourselves
but to God.
James. 1:19 “So then
my beloved
brethren
let every man be swift to hear
slow to speak
slow to wrath;”
YLT:
“So then
my brethren beloved
let every man be swift to hear
slow to speak
slow to anger
”
Meaning
of Words: “swift”: fleet
ready
prompt; “slow”: dull; “wrath”: anger
vengeance;
Literal
Meaning: “let every man be swift to hear”
“be swift to hear”:
pay attention to listening to the word of God (see v.21-22)
for it is of great
profit to us.
“Slow to speak”
be careful in our words
namely
bridle our tongues (see v.26);
“Slow to wrath”
take care of controlling our emotion (see 3:14-16; 4:1-2).
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1) It is impossible for the one who thinks he
is wise and spiritual and likes to speak and criticize and lives in wrath to be
quiet to hear the word of truth and receive the ideas of others.
2) “Be swift to hear
slow to speak
slow to wrath”
it is always the best principle for us in
life.
3) “Be swift to hear”
which makes us know more about the will of God and
less irritate the wrath of God; “slow to speak”
which seldom makes men angry; “slow to wrath
which defuses our wrath;
James. 1:20 “for the wrath of man does
not produce the righteousness of God.”
YLT:
“for the wrath of a man the righteousness of God doth not work;”
Meaning
of Words: “wrath”: anger; “produce”: work
accomplish
perform;
“righteousness”: equity
justification;
Literal
Meaning: “the wrath of man”
here it refers to the
unrestricted wrath expressed at will (see v.19); “not produce the righteousness of God”
“the righteousness of God” has two aspects of meaning: 1) the good
works that God pleases (see v.27); 2) the salvation that God has accomplished
through Jesus Christ (
This verse does not mean that we cannot never be angry
but that the
unrestricted anger avails the will of God nothing.
James. 1:21 “Therefore lay aside all
filthiness and overflow of wickedness
and receive with meekness the implanted
word
which is able to save your souls.”
YLT:
“wherefore having put aside all filthiness and superabundance of evil
in
meekness be receiving the engrafted word
that is able to save your souls;”
Meaning
of Words: “lay aside”: put off
remove; “filthiness”: dirtiness; “overflow”: superfluity
superabundance; “wickedness”: evil
depravity; “implanted”: engrafted;
Literal
Meaning: “therefore lay aside all filthiness and
overflow of wickedness”
“all filthiness” emphasizes the external wicked works;
“overflow of wickedness” emphasizes the internal evil;
“And receive with meekness the implanted word”
“meekness” is a kind of
gentle attitude of obedience to God
which is a contrast to “wrath” (see v.19);
“the implanted word”: the word of God is sown in man’s heart like seeds (Luke
8:11
15).
“Which is able to save your souls”
“soul”: the soul life of man (see
Matt. 16:25)
namely
man’s self; “save your souls”
it is not regeneration
but being saved from trials and temptations after one is regenerated.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1) Man’s sin prevents him from hearing the
voice of God. Therefore
if we want to hear the word of God
we have to firstly
put away both the internal evil thoughts and external evil works.
2) The internal meekness can make man control
himself. He who is meek and gentle has an ear of the instructed to receive the
word of God.
3) The word of God is the “word of salvation”
for it deals with all the difficulties of temptations and troubles in life.
4) We Christians shall not think we have
nothing to do with God’s “word” after we have been saved
because the word has
already become an eternal and inseparable part in us to speak to and lead us
all the time.
James. 1:22 “But be doers of the word
and not hearers only
deceiving yourselves.”
YLT:
“and become ye doers of the word
and not hearers only
deceiving yourselves
”
Meaning
of Words: “doer of the word”: keeper of the word; “hearer of the word”: he who hears the word; “deceive”: delude
beguile;
Literal
Meaning: “but be doers of the word”
“doers of the word” refer to those who put the word into practice. He
who puts the word of God into practice is a prudent man (Matt. 7:24).
“And not hearers only”
“hearers”: the audience of the word who hear
the word only and yet do not do it. Such is a foolish man (Matt. 7:26).
“Deceiving yourselves”
he who deceives causes the result upon himself.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1) The word received by ears will affect our
tongues
and feet and hands. In other words
we have to put what we have heard
into practice in our life.
2) Man cannot do the word before he has really
understood what the word is. However
if one hears and reads and even recites
the word of God and does not do it
he just gives up halfway.
3) A real “hearer of the word” must obey the
word of God
namely “doing the word”. It is in vain for a man to hear the word
without doing it at all.
4) There is no more terrible deceit in the
world than that of knowing the truth and yet not doing it. And it is the most
serious deception that one deceives himself.
James. 1:23 “For if anyone is a hearer
of the word and not a doer
he is like a man observing his natural face in a
mirror;”
YLT:
“because
if any one is a hearer of the word and not a doer
this one hath been
like to a man viewing his natural face in a mirror
”
Meaning
of Words: “hearer”: the one who “hears”
the word; “doer”: the one who keeps; “observe”: observe fully
behold
consider
discover; “natural”: of the birth
by nature; “face”: countenance
appearance
presence;
Literal
Meaning: “for if anyone is a hearer of the word and
not a doer”
“for”
it indicates that the following words are the explanation
of verse 22.
“He is like a man observing his natural face in a mirror”
“mirror” here
refers to the word of God; “his natural face”: one’s appearance by natural with
filthiness and wickedness (see v.21).
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1) One of the main functions of the “word” is
to manifest the real situations of men before God so as to stimulate men to
“deny themselves” more and yet confide in God more.
2) We read the Scriptures for the purpose of
applying God’s words to ourselves. However
many Christians even read the
Scriptures for others and reprove them by the word of God.
James. 1:24 “for he observes himself
goes away
and immediately forgets what kind of man he was.”
YLT:
“for he did view himself
and hath gone away
and immediately he did forget of
what kind he was;”
Meaning
of Words: “observe”: perceive
behold; “go away”: depart
be past; “immediately”: shortly
straightway
at once; “what kind of man he was”: his natural
appearance;
Literal
Meaning: “observes himself
goes away”
after hearing
the word
namely
in the daily life;
“And immediately forgets what kind of man he was”
“immediately
forgets”
it shows that he has not really received the word into his heart so
that he does not apply the word in daily life.
James. 1:25 “But he who looks into the perfect law of liberty and
continues in it
and is not a forgetful hearer but a doer of the work
this one
will be blessed in what he does.”
YLT:
“and he who did look into the perfect law -- that of liberty
and did continue
there
this one -- not a forgetful hearer becoming
but a doer of work -- this
one shall be happy in his doing.”
Meaning
of Words: “look into”: fix one’s view on
stoop down and look into
gaze at; “perfect”: complete
of full
age; “continue”: stay near
remain
abide; “forgetful”: of forgetfulness
of negligence; “doer”: keeper;
Literal
Meaning: “but he who looks into the perfect law of
liberty”
“looks into”: put in time and effort to search the Scriptures (see
Acts 17:11); “the perfect law”
it means that the word of God is perfect and is
able to make those who do the word perfect (see v.4); “the law of liberty”
it
indicates that the word of God does not bind us
but makes man liberal (see
2:12; John 8:32).
“And continues in it”
it means staying near
the word of God and abiding in the word of God.
“And is not a forgetful hearer but a doer of
the work”
it means that the word has deeply entered into (see Ps. 119:11) such
man and he is thus assimilated to the word and his works are the manifestation
of the word.
“This one will be blessed in what he does”
it shows that the word of God is of great effect that shall accomplish the good
pleasure on those who do the word of God. Such men will be blessed in what they
do (see Is. 55:11).
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1) The word is truly the spiritual mirror (see
v.23). However
man has to fix his view upon it and continues in it so as not
to forget the word and yet be able to do it.
2) If one desires to keep the balance of both
hearing and doing
he has to look into the law carefully and frequently and
remember and do it. There is no other way than this.
3) The word of God is living. Firstly
it
enters into the deep part of a man’s heart and then is manifested in his
conversation.
James. 1:26 “If anyone among you
thinks he is religious
and does not bridle his tongue but deceives his own
heart
this one's religion is useless.”
YLT:
“If any one doth think to be religious among you
not bridling his tongue
but
deceiving his heart
of this one vain the religion;”
Meaning
of Words: “think”: seem
suppose; “religious”: pious
ceremonious
in worship; “bridle”: curb
be a
bit-leader; “useless”: empty
vain;
Literal
Meaning: “if anyone among you thinks he is
religious”
“if anyone”
though it is suppositive
it still suggests that there
is such kind of men; “thinks”
it is a view in his own eyes; “he is religious”
it refers to the one who fears God and keeps the rules and customs severely;
“And does not bridle his tongue”
it means that he speaks without
control and thinks he is right and actually he knows nothing.
“But deceives his own heart”
his word is against his thoughts and
heart.
“This one’s religion is useless”
it indicates that one has a form of
godliness but denies the power thereof (2Tim. 3:5).
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1) Many children of God honor God with the
lips
but their heart is far away from me (see Matt. 15:8). However
there are
also many children of God who think they fear God in heart and yet do not
bridle their mouth (see 3:2). Both are condemned by God.
2) A normal Christian is a Christian whose word
is in accord with his heart. His word is the expression of his thoughts. If
one’s inner heart is ruled by the word of God
his tongue will also be ruled by
it.
James. 1:27 “Pure and undefiled
religion before God and the Father is this: to visit orphans and widows in
their trouble
and to keep oneself unspotted from the world.”
YLT:
“religion pure and undefiled with the God and Father is this
to look after
orphans and widows in their tribulation -- unspotted to keep himself from the
world.”
Meaning
of Words: “pure”: clean
clear; “undefiled”: unsoiled; “visit”: look out
provide help; “trouble”:
affliction
tribulation; “keep”: hold fast
preserve; “unspotted”: without
spot
unblemished; “world”: the whole system of the world;
Literal
Meaning: “pure and undefiled religion before God and
the Father is this”
here is refers to the pure and real piety opposite to the
above-mentioned “useless religion” (see v.26).
“To visit orphans and widows in their troubles”
“orphans and widows in
their troubles” here relate to those who are most in need of help among men
(see Acts 20:35).
“And to keep oneself unspotted from the world”: be separated from the
world (see 2Cor. 6:17) and not go along with the world in its wickedness.
Enlightenment
in the Word:
1) He who has real piety shall establish proper
relationship with God by learning and keeping the teachings of God.
2) A real religious man shall be the father of
the fatherless as “God our Father” ---- visit orphans and widows in their
troubles.
3) The friendship of the world is enmity with
God (see 4:4). If anyone loves the world
the love of the Father is not in him
(1John 2:15).
4) Though Christians live in the world
they
“surpass” the world. On one hand
they look after “those who are weak” in the
world
and are not affected by “those who are strong” on the other.
III.
Outlines of the Spiritual Lessons
The Patience of Christians
A. The source of Christians’ patience ----
various trials (v.2-3);
B. The purpose of Christians’ patience ---- let
patience have its perfect work (v
C. The purpose and result of Christians’
patience;
1. Make us perfect (v.4b);
2. Lack nothing (v
D. The ways of Christians’ patience;
1. Ask of God for wisdom (v.5);
a. God gives to all liberally;
b. God gives without reproach;
2. Ask in faith with no doubting (v
a. He who doubts is like a wave of the sea
driven and tossed by the wind (v.6b);
b. He who doubts receives nothing from the Lord
(v.7);
c.He who doubts is unstable in all his ways
(v.8);
Two Sorts of Trials
A. Trials ---- be tested by the external
tribulations (v.2
12);
B. Temptation ---- be enticed by the internal
lusts (v.13-15);
How to Deal With Trials and Temptations?
A. The basic attitudes toward trials and
temptations ---- joy and patience (v.2-4).
B. The way of overcoming trials and temptations
---- ask of God in faith (v.5-11).
C. The source of trials and temptations ----
God bestows good gifts by trials and man’s lusts produce temptations (v.12-18).
D. The necessary conditions of dealing with
trials and temptations ---- doing the word (v.19-27).
Three Conditions of Prayers
A. One has to know what he really needs ----
“if any of you lacks…” (v
B. One has to know the object of his prayer
rightly ---- “let him ask of God
who …” (v.5b).
C. One has to get right attitude ---- “ask in
faith” (v.6).
Ways of Overcoming Trials
A. Ask of God for wisdom (v.5);
B. Remain joy in various conditions (v.9-10);
C. Remember the crown of life after the trials
(v.12);
Five Principles of Prevailing against
Temptations
A. Be realistic ---- everyone may be tempted (
B. Be responsible ---- do not shuffle off
responsibility onto others (v.13b);
C. Be ready ---- know the origins of
temptations (v.14-15);
D. Be refocused ---- rely on the gifts of God
(v.16-17);
E. Be reactivated ---- only the word of God can
save men (v.18-25);
Relations of the Word with Believers
A. The word has begotten believers (v.18);
B. The word teaches believers (v.19);
C. The word saves believers (v.21);
D. The word leads believers (v.22-25);
The Necessary Conditions Believers Shall
Have toward the Word
A. Hear the word (v.19);
B. Receive the word (v.21);
C. Look into the perfect law (v.25);
D. Do the word (v.22
25b);
The Preconditions of Receiving the Implanted
Word
A. Be swift to hear
slow to speak and slow to
wrath (v.19);
B. Lay aside al filthiness and overflow of
wickedness (v.21);
C. Receive with meekness (v.21);
The Preparations of Overcoming Temptations
A. The first preparation: be swift to “hear”
the word of God (v.19-21);
1. Be slow to speak (v.19b);
2. Be slow to wrath (v.19b-20);
3. Lay aside all filthiness and overflow of wickedness
(v
4. Receive the implanted word with meekness
(v.21b);
B. The second preparation: be a “doer” of the
word
and not a “hearer” only (v.22-25);
1. He who hears the word only deceives himself
(v.22);
2. He who hears the word and yet does not do it
will forget what he ha heard (v.23-24).
3. He who hears and does the word will be
blessed from the word of God (v.25).
C. The third preparation: “bridle” one’s own
tongue (v.26);
D. The fourth preparation (v.27);
1. “Visit” those who are in need ---- visit the
orphans and widows in troubles (v
2. “Keep” oneself unspotted from the world
(v.27b).
──
Caleb Huang《Christian Digest Bible
Commentary Series》
Translated by Mary Zhou